RADIOGRAPHIC, ULTRASONOGRAPHIC, AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN DOGS     

Gernot Scharf  Dr. Med. Vet.    Peter Deplazes  Dr. Med. Vet.    Barbara Kaser-Hotz  Dr. Med. Vet.    Luc Borer  Dr. Med. Vet.    reas Hasler  Dr. Med. Vet.    Markus Haller  Dr. Med. Vet.    Mark Flückiger  Dr. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(5):411-418

Alveolar echinococcosis is a rare metacestodal infection of humans and domestic animals with Echinococcus multilocularis and predominantly affects the liver. In humans, diagnosis is based on serology, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), techniques that have not yet been validated for the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in dogs. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the radiographic, ultrasonographic, and CT appearance of canine alveolar echinococcosis. Eleven dogs with confirmed alveolar echinococcosis (PCR or histology from biopsy material of metacestode tissue) diagnosed between 1995 and 2003 were included in the study. The age of the dogs at initial presentation ranged from 7 months to 10.5 years. Abdominal radiographs were made in nine animals, abdominal ultrasonography was performed in 10 dogs, and two CT studies in one dog, respectively. The history, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings for the 11 dogs were unspecific, the most frequent clinical finding being nonpainful progressive abdominal distention. All radiographed dogs had large liver masses; they contained small mineralizations in five. The most frequent ultrasonographic finding was multiple large cavitary masses with or without wall mineralizations. Seven animals received surgical and subsequent medical therapy with albendazole (10mg/kg) and all went into clinical remission. This study reviewed for the first time imaging findings associated with alveolar echinococcosis. The disease has to be included in the list of differential diagnoses in dogs with large, cavitary liver masses, particularly when mineralization is noted.  相似文献   

Guttural pouch mycosis     

Robert Markus Dr. med. vet.  Eckehard Deegen Dr. med. vet.  Dipl. ECEIM  Professor  Wolfgang Drommer Dr. med. vet.  Professor  Bernhard Ohnesorge Dr. med. vet.  Dipl. ECEIM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2005,25(4):150-156

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Legislation for horses--artificial insemination     

Rambags B  van Markus R 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2002,127(9):304-305

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Intraspecific Genomic Variation Within Xanthomonas albilineans, the Sugarcane Leaf Scald Pathogen   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Davis MJ  Rott P  Warmuth CJ  Chatenet M  Baudin P 《Phytopathology》1997,87(3):316-324

ABSTRACT To better understand the nature of recent outbreaks of leaf scald disease of sugarcane in a number of sugarcane production regions of the world including Florida, Guadeloupe, Louisiana, Mauritius, Taiwan, and Texas, a study of the worldwide genetic variation of the pathogen was undertaken. A total of 218 strains from 31 geographic locations were examined. Genomic DNA of each strain was digested with the rare cutting restriction enzyme SpeI, and the fragments were separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 102 bands were identified, and 54 different DNA banding patterns (haplotypes) were observed. Eight groups of banding patterns, designated PFGE groups A through H, were consistently detected by visual, principal component, and cluster analyses. Five groups were comprised of multiple haplotypes representing numerous strains, and three were comprised of single haplotypes representing one strain each. The leaf scald outbreaks in Florida, Louisiana, Texas, and possibly Guadeloupe and Taiwan could be attributed to the introduction of strains belonging to PFGE group B. When infection by two strains each of the newly introduced strains (PFGE group B) and those previously present in Florida (PFGE group A) was analyzed in 22 sugarcane cultivars by reisolation 24 weeks after inoculation, a significantly greater mean frequency was detected for PFGE group B strains and no cultivar by PFGE group interaction was observed. Inadvertent dispersal of the pathogen among plants, possibly by means of aerosols or splashing water, was detected in a subsequent experiment. Strains of PFGE group B were recovered from the internal tissues of some plants inoculated with PFGE group A strains and were also found to be epiphytic colonizers of nonsymptomatic, noninoculated plants adjacent to the inoculated plants; whereas strains of PFGE group A were recovered only from plants that had been inoculated with them. Thus, the possibility became more apparent that strain variation might be associated, at least in part, with factors governing plant-to-plant spread of the pathogen in nature.  相似文献   

Aerial Contamination of Sugarcane in Guadeloupe by Two Strains of Xanthomonas albilineans     

J.H. Daugrois  V. Dumont  P. Champoiseau  L. Costet  R. Boisne-Noc  P. Rott 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(5):445-458

Two sugarcane plots were set up in Guadeloupe with disease-free tissue cultured plants in a banana growing location distant from sugarcane fields. Thirteen weeks after planting sugarcane in the field, a Xanthomonas albilineans strain belonging to serotype 3 (strain XaS3) was detected in water sampled at sunrise on the leaves in the first plot. This strain randomly invaded the sugarcane canopy. Seven weeks later, a new strain belonging to serotype 1 (strain XaS1) appeared on leaves and populations of strain XaS1 progressively increased on the leaf surface, whereas populations of strain XaS3 progressively decreased. Leaf scald symptoms were first noted 26 weeks after sugarcane planting. However, only strain XaS1 was isolated from leaves and a few sugarcane stalks showing symptoms. Both strains also colonized the second field plot, which was studied at the end of the experiment to avoid human interference of aerial contamination of sugarcane. After inoculation of three sugarcane cultivars by the decapitation technique, strain XaS1 was as virulent or more virulent than five other strains of X. albilineans isolated from diseased sugarcane plants in Guadeloupe. Although strain XaS3 colonized a few stalks, it failed to produce any symptoms and was the least virulent strain. Leaf surface colonization by X. albilineans was reproduced in a greenhouse trial by spraying the pathogen on sugarcane foliage. After 8 weeks, the pathogen was isolated from disinfected leaf blades. Although the leaf scald pathogen is thought to be mainly transmitted by infected cuttings, aerial transmission of X. albilineans is also known to occur. These results indicate the importance of sugarcane phyllosphere colonization by virulent strains in the epidemiological cycle of leaf scald disease in Guadeloupe.  相似文献   

Impact of Sugarcane yellow leaf virus on Sugarcane Yield and Juice Quality in Réunion Island     

L. Rassaby  J.-C. Girard  P. Letourmy  J. Chaume  M.S. Irey  B.E.L. Lockhart  H. Kodja  P. Rott 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(5):459-466

Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) was first detected in sugarcane of Réunion Island in 1997. A field experiment was undertaken to assess the potential impact of this virus on sugarcane production. The agronomic characteristics of SCYLV-infected plants were compared to those of virus-free plants of three sugarcane cultivars (R570, R577 and R579) which occupy more than 90% of the cultivated sugarcane area on Réunion Island. In the plant crop, significant losses in stalk weight (28%) and in sugar content (11%) were detected for cultivar R577, but not for either of the two other cultivars. In the first ratoon crop, yield reduction was detected for cultivar R577 (37%), but also for cultivar R579 (19%). Cultivar R577 also showed significant losses in sugar content (12%) due to reduced amount and quality of extracted cane juice. No yield reduction was found for cultivar R570, although stalk height and diameter were reduced in SCYLV-infected canes of this cultivar in the first ratoon crop. Leaf yellowing was observed at harvest of plant and ratoon crops when sugarcane was no longer irrigated, and 10–59% of symptomatic stalks could be attributed to the presence of SCYLV. The most severe yellowing symptoms were related to infection of sugarcane by the virus.  相似文献   

Letter to the editor     

Dr  Markus Horning 《Australian veterinary journal》2008,86(4):113-113

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Stickstoffumsatz in einer Lößcatena     

Francis Turyabahika  Markus Kleber  Karl Stahr 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(3):329-336

Nitrogen turnover in a loess catena N-mineralization and mineral-N-contents were determined from spring 1993 to autumn 1995 on arable soils from loess (Luvisol, Calcaric Regosol, Gleyic-Calcaric Regosol and Cumulic Anthrosol) of a catchment area called “Bonartshäuser” farm near Gondelsheim in western Kraichgau (SW-Germany). The aim was to find out, whether the course of net-N-mineralization and mineral-N-content of the soil could be explained by the parameters soil temperature and soil moisture. Soil samples were incubated in polyethylene bags on site for mineralization and aliquots analyzed in the laboratory for the determination of the mineral-N-content. In 1993, 55 kg N ha^—1 were immobilized and up to 170 kg N ha^—1 mineralized depending on the soil type. In 1994, between 181 and 297, and in 1994, between 59 and 230 kg N ha^—1 were mineralized annually. Mineral-N-contents of the different soils throughout the experimental period (n = 45) were found to correlate much better (r² between 0.55 and 0.86) whereas net-N-mineralization (n = 44) showed coefficients of determination (r²) just between 0.08 and 0.53. Except for the Luvisol (37%) only 0 to 8% of net-N-mineralization could be explained by the combined effect of mean soil temperature and soil moisture at the beginning of the incubation using multiple linear regression analysis. Merely 1 up to 9% of mineral-N-content of the soil could be explained by the same effect. The variability and inconsistency shown by net-N-mineralization renders it inappropriate as a tool for predicting nitrogen delivery of the soil and basis for setting rules governing permissible nitrogen amounts in the soil.  相似文献   

The impact of reduced atmospheric depositions on soil microbial parameters in a strongly acidified Norway spruce forest at Solling,Germany     

Markus Raubuch  Norbert P. Lamersdorf  Michael Bredemeier 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(5):483-491

To simulate a future ion input reduction scenario in forests, a large scale field experiment was set up in a (1999) 66‒year‒old Norway spruce plantation at Solling, central Germany. Throughfall input of H⁺, SO₄^2—, and N‒compounds is artificially reduced by means of a permanent roof construction below the canopy and a de‒ionizing equipment since 1991. Here we present long term soil solution records for SO₄^2—, NO₃^—, Al³⁺ and the pH of the 10 cm mineral soil sampling depth. A significant decrease in ion concentrations since the start of the treatment is observed, but no change of the soil solution pH. Even in the fourth year pH values remained well within the aluminium buffer range (pH < 4.2). Three years after the start of the experiment (July 1994) it was examined whether microbial biomass (C_mic), specific activity (heat production per unit biomass), and the percentage of C_mic in organic C material indicated any changes. Furthermore chemical standard parameters (CEC, base saturation, pH) were analyzed for all soil samples. Results indicate that despite of drastic decreases of soil solution ion concentrations in the upper soil horizons microbial parameters were not affected and that the soil solid phase is not deacidified by the treatment until now.  相似文献   

Relation between respiration,ATP content,and Adenylate Energy Charge (AEC) after incubation at different temperatures and after drying and rewetting     

Markus Raubuch  Jens Dyckmans  Rainer Georg Joergensen  Malte Kreutzfeldt 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2002,165(4):435-440

Temperature, drying, and rewetting are important climatic factors that control microbial properties. In the present study we looked at the respiration rates, adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) content, and adenylate energy charge (AEC) as a measure for energy status of microbial biomass in the upper 5 cm of mineral soils of three beech forests at different temperatures and after rewetting. The soils differed widely in pH (4.0 to 6.0), microbial biomass C (92 to 916 μg (g DW)^—1) and ATP content (2.17 to 7.29 nmol ATP (g DW)^—1). The soils were incubated for three weeks at 7 °C, 14 °C, and 21 °C. After three weeks the microbial properties were determined, retaining temperature conditions. The temperature treatment did not significantly affect AEC or ATP content, but respiration rates increased significantly with increasing temperature. In a second experiment the soils were dried for 12 hours at 40 °C. Afterwards the soils were rewetted and microbial properties were monitored for 72 hours. After the drying, respiration rates dropped below the detection limit, but within one hour after rewetting respiration rates increased above control level. Drying reduced AEC by 16 % to 44 % and ATP content by 47 % to 78 %, respectively. Rewetting increased AEC and ATP content significantly as compared to dry soil, but after 72 hours the level of the controls was still not reached. The level of AEC values indicated dormant cells, but ATP content increased. These results indicate that the microbial carbon turnover was not directly linked to microbial growth or microbial energy status. Furthermore our results indicate that AEC may describe an average energy status but does not reflect phases of growing, dormant, or dying cells in the complex microbial populations of soils.  相似文献