Does the response of bird assemblages to fire mosaic properties vary among spatial scales and foraging guilds?     

Emma E. Burgess  Martine Maron 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(3):687-699

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Dynamics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</Emphasis> seroconversion and infection in pigs in the three main production systems     

Enrico Giacomini  Nicola Ferrari  Alessandra Pitozzi  Michela Remistani  Daniele Giardiello  Dominiek Maes  Giovanni Loris Alborali 《Veterinary research communications》2016,40(2):81-88

In this study, we investigated the dynamics of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in 66 pig farms, with different production systems (one-, two-, and three-site systems), and considered different risk factors. Serological assay was used to detect serum antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) was performed to detect M. hyopneumoniae DNA in tracheobronchial swabs. Results demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae infection status was predominantly influenced by the age of the animals and the type of production system. Infection rates were higher in older animals and the prevalence was higher in the one- and two-site systems than in the three-site systems. Dynamics of infection by RT-PCR showed that earlier M. hyopneumoniae infection on one-site farms occurs earlier, while on two- and three-site farms occurs later but spreads faster, suggesting that contact between animals of different age favors the transmission.  相似文献   

清洗和消毒对猪病控制的重要性     

Wout Maes  张佳  于古月 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2008,28(4)

很多养猪生产者都熟悉猪舍的现代清洗和消毒规程。但是,这些规程常常没有被正确地应用。由比利时佛兰德动物保健中心(Animal Health Care Flanders,DGZ)完成的研究发现,已经在养禽业中使用了很长一段时间的微生物监测法也可以在猪舍中使用,以检查猪舍清洗和消毒措施的效率。  相似文献   

Characterization of virus species associated with sweetpotato virus diseases in Burkina Faso     

Ezechiel B. Tibiri  Justin S. Pita  Fidèle Tiendrébéogo  Martine Bangratz  James B. Néya  Christophe Brugidou  Koussao Somé  Nicolas Barro 《Plant pathology》2020,69(6):1003-1017

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Restoring dry Afromontane forest using bird and nurse plant effects: Direct sowing of Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata seeds     

Raf Aerts  Wouter Maes  Eva November  Aklilu Negussie  Martin Hermy  Bart Muys 《Forest Ecology and Management》2006,230(1-3):23-31

To identify the perspectives of seed sowing for reforestation of degraded dry Afromontane savanna in exclosures in northern Ethiopia, seeds of a fleshy-fruited, secondary climax tree, Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata, were placed under two pioneer shrub species (Euclea racemosa and Acacia etbaica) and in open microhabitats. Seed removal and germination rates were examined. The effects of bird ingestion, manual pulp removal and mechanical endocarp treatments on germination rates were also studied.

Pulp removal promoted seed germination, in particular in seeds without endocarp manipulation. Seed removal, presumably by rodents, was concentrated in narrow strips along linear soil conservation structures, and not different between shrubs and open microhabitats. In the absence of water stress, humus types did not have a significant effect on germination rates. Under field conditions however, germination was higher under Euclea canopies. The observed facilitative effect of Euclea shrubs on germination may be attributed to moisture retention effects, related to the deep humus layer and canopy architecture, preventing desiccation and promoting imbibition of seeds. When readily available Olea seeds are not used for seedling production, direct sowing of seeds in the humus under dense Euclea shrubs could offer a cheap complement to planting of nursery-raised seedlings for forest restoration projects in recovering Afromontane savanna.  相似文献   

Occurrence of a CGRP-like molecule in siki (Centroscymnus coelolepsis) hydrolysate of industrial origin     

Martínez-Alvarez O  Guimas L  Delannoy C  Fouchereau-Peron M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5469-5475

Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) may have potential as bioactive components in functional foods as nutraceuticals. This study focused on the identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) molecules in FPH. CGRP is a neuropeptide belonging to the calcitonin/CGRP family and is known as potent arterial and venous vasodilator in humans. Hydrolysates of industrial origin were prepared from siki (Centroscymnus coelolepsis) heads and were analyzed for the presence of CGRP-like molecules using specific radioimmunoassays and radioreceptorassays. The biological activity of the CGRP-related molecules was assessed by their ability to stimulate the adenylate cyclase activity in rat liver membranes. They were finally purified using gel exclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These molecules presented a molecular weight around 1500-2500 Da and were obtained with a purification factor of 79. The incorporation of FPH with CGRP-like molecules in functional foods could lead to the development of new useful products for health and nutrition markets.  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of the first chiropteran papillomavirus, isolated from a basosquamous carcinoma in an Egyptian fruit bat: the Rousettus aegyptiacus papillomavirus type 1     

Rector A  Mostmans S  Van Doorslaer K  McKnight CA  Maes RK  Wise AG  Kiupel M  Van Ranst M 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,117(2-4):267-275

The complete genomic DNA of a novel papillomavirus (PV) was isolated from a basosquamous carcinoma on the wing of an Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Initial short sequences of the E1 and L1 genes of this virus were retrieved by PCR with degenerate papillomavirus-specific primers, and the entire R. aegyptiacus papillomavirus type 1 (RaPV-1) DNA was then amplified by long template PCR, cloned and sequenced with a transposon insertion method. The RaPV-1 genome counts 7970 basepairs and contains the typical papillomavirus open reading frames (ORF) (E1, E2, E4, E6, E7, L1 and L2). Based on a concatenated alignment of the E1, E2, L1 and L2 open reading frames of RaPV-1 and 46 other human and animal papillomavirus type species, a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed. This phylogenetic analysis shows that RaPV-1 has a close-to-root position in the papillomavirus evolutionary tree. Since RaPV-1 is only distantly related to other papillomaviruses (with maximally 50% nucleotide sequence identity across the L1 open reading frame), it cannot be assigned to one of the existing papillomavirus genera and therefore represents the first member of a novel, as yet unnamed, close-to-root papillomavirus genus. This is the first time a papillomavirus has been isolated and characterized from a member of the Chiroptera order.  相似文献   

Use of a synthetic bone substitute to retard molariform tooth drift after maxillary tooth loss in ponies     

Vlaminck LE  Huys L  Maes D  Steenhaut ML  Gasthuys F 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(7):589-595

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of alveolar bone substitute on post-extraction drift of maxillary cheek teeth in ponies. STUDY DESIGN: In vivo longitudinal experimental study. ANIMALS: Five ponies (5-7 years) with a healthy dentition. METHODS: Both maxillary 4th premolar teeth (Triadan 08) were surgically removed. One alveolus was filled with a biocompatible non-resorbable bone substitute (Bioplant 24), whereas the other healed by second intention. A polyvinylsiloxane plug and spring wire isolated the bone substitute from the oral environment. Pathologic changes to dentition and adjacent soft tissue were recorded. Tooth drift was calculated after 1 and 2 years. RESULTS: At 1 month, bone substitute material was incorporated into healthy tissue. Tooth drift was observed but differed significantly between control and treated sides at 2 years (P<.01). For both techniques, tooth drift differed significantly between years 1 and 2 (P<.001). Total drift in control arcades for year 1 was 10.69+/-2.12 mm and for year 2 was 9.08+/-0.87 mm, whereas for bone substitute arcades it was 9.90+/-1.60 mm for year 1 and 5.60+/-1.78 mm for year 2. CONCLUSIONS: Partial tooth replacement therapy after maxillary P4 extraction provided good healing in the immediate post-surgical phase. Alveolar filling with bone substitute material significantly slowed post-extraction tooth drift but did not stop it completely. Clinical Relevance- Important changes occur in equine dentition after maxillary cheek teeth removal. Further longer term observations are needed to fully validate study findings.  相似文献   

Quantification and evaluation of antimicrobial drug use in group treatments for fattening pigs in Belgium   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Timmerman T  Dewulf J  Catry B  Feyen B  Opsomer G  de Kruif A  Maes D 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,74(4):251-263

To control the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, knowledge of antimicrobial drug consumption is essential. Because consumption data are not available in Belgium, a study was conducted between March and October 2003 to investigate the antimicrobial drug consumption in pigs, using the treatment incidence based on the animal daily dose pig (ADDpig), the treatment incidence based on the used daily dose pig (UDDpig) (number of ADDpig or UDDpig/1000 pigs at risk/day), and the ratio UDDpig/ADDpig.

The sampling frame consisted of 821 pig herds that (a) used a closed or semi-closed production system, (b) were located in the most dense pig areas of Belgium, and (c) had at least 150 sows and 600 fattening pigs each. Of 50 randomly selected herds, all group treatments with antimicrobial drugs, applied to fattening pigs that were within 2 weeks of slaughter (median age 187 days), were collected retrospectively.

The treatment incidence based on ADDpig for all oral and injectable antimicrobial drugs was 178.1 per 1000 pigs at risk per day. The treatment incidence based on UDDpig shows that in reality fewer pigs were treated, namely 170.3 per 1000 pigs at risk per day. Proportionally, the most often applied oral antimicrobial drugs were: doxycycline, amoxicillin, combination trimethoprim-sulphonamides and polymyxin E. The most often applied injectable antimicrobial drugs were long-acting amoxicillin and ceftiofur. The distribution of the UDDpig/ADDpig ratio per antimicrobial drug shows that 50–75% of the oral formulations were underdosed. Injectable formulations were almost always overdosed (>90%).  相似文献   

Elastic domains regulate growth and organogenesis in the plant shoot apical meristem     

Kierzkowski D  Nakayama N  Routier-Kierzkowska AL  Weber A  Bayer E  Schorderet M  Reinhardt D  Kuhlemeier C  Smith RS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6072):1096-1099

Although genetic control of morphogenesis is well established, elaboration of complex shapes requires changes in the mechanical properties of cells. In plants, the first visible sign of leaf formation is a bulge on the flank of the shoot apical meristem. Bulging results from local relaxation of cell walls, which causes them to yield to internal hydrostatic pressure. By manipulation of tissue tension in combination with quantitative live imaging and finite-element modeling, we found that the slow-growing area at the shoot tip is substantially strain-stiffened compared with surrounding fast-growing tissue. We propose that strain stiffening limits growth, restricts organ bulging, and contributes to the meristem's functional zonation. Thus, mechanical signals are not just passive readouts of gene action but feed back on morphogenesis.  相似文献