Inhibitory effects of cucurbitane glycosides and other triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica grosvenori on epstein-barr virus early antigen induced by tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Ukiya M  Akihisa T  Tokuda H  Toriumi M  Mukainaka T  Banno N  Kimura Y  Hasegawa J  Nishino H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6710-6715

Two new triterpene benzoates, 5-dehydrokarounidiol dibenzoate (1) and karounidiol dibenzoate (2), and two new triterpene glycosides, 5alpha,6alpha-epoxymogroside IE(1) (8) and 11-oxomogroside A(1) (9), along with 15 known triterpenoids (one triterpene benzoate, 3; three triterpene mono-ols, 4-6; one triterpene aglycon, 7; and 10 triterpene glycosides, 10-19), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit of Momordica grosvenori. The structures of 1, 2, 8, and 9 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Among the known triterpene glycosides, mogroside I E(1) (12) was a new naturally occurring compound. Eighteen triterpenoids (2-19) and 11-oxomogrol (20), a hydrolysis product of 9, were evaluated with respect to their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, which is known to be a primary screening test for antitumor promoters. All of the compounds tested showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (70-100% inhibition at 1 x 10(3) mol ratio/TPA).  相似文献   

Acid Dissolution of Olivines, Feldspars and Dunite   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mayumi Kobayashi  Akira Sawada  Yukinori Tani  Mitsuyuki Soma  Atsushi Tanaka  Takuya Honma  Haruhiko Seyama  Benny K.G. Theng 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):757-762

We have treated feldspars (orthoclase, albite, anorthite), JF-1 (a mixture of orthoclase and albite), olivines (fayalite, forsterite) and JP-1 (dunite: an olivine-rich rock) with HNO₃ solution at pH 2 for 10 – 1200 min. The resultant changes in surface composition were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS data for fayalite, notably shifts in the Si 2s and O 1s binding energies, indicate preferential dissolution of Fe and formation of a Si-rich surface layer composed of amorphous silica. A Si-rich layer also forms on the surface of the other minerals as the result of acid treatment but the changes in binding energies are relatively small. Forsterite and anorthite dissolved almost congruently in acid solutions, and the Si-rich surface layer is poorly developed. Unlike forsterite, JP-1 shows preferential leaching of Mg relative to Si. Although forsterite is the major constituent of JP-1, this rock also contains some talc and orthopyroxene. These minor mineral constituents appear to influence the behavior of JP-1 in acid solutions. On the other hand, the dissolution and resultant surface alteration of JF-1 were comparable to those of its constituent minerals. The extent of Si-rich surface layer formation followed the order of albite = orthoclase > anorthite for the feldspars, and fayalite > forsterite for the olivines.  相似文献   

Characterization of water soluble organic matter in soils by size exclusion chromatography and fractionation with polyvinylpyrrolidone     

Masakazu Aoyama 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):475-481

Water extracts were obtained from four types of soils (Brown Lowland soil, Yellow soil with manure application for 6 years, non-allophanic Andosol, and allophanic Andosol), and the organic matter in the water extracts was fractionated according to the solubility in acid and adsorption onto polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). For the water extracts and their fractions, the amounts of organic C, total N, and anthrone-reactive C (ARC) were analyzed, and high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) was carried out. The PVP-non-adsorbed fulvic acid (FA) fraction accounted for the largest proportion of the total water-soluble organic C, ranging from 52% for the Yellow soil to 96% for the allophanic Amdosol, followed by the PVP-adsorbed FA and humic acid (HA) fractions. The water extract of the allophanic Andosol was characterized by the lack of HA fraction and a small proportion of PVP-adsorbed FA fraction. For all the water extract samples, more than 90% of the ARC was recovered in the PVP-non-adsorbed FA fraction. The proportion of ARC in the total organic C in the fraction was also highest in the PVP-non-adsorbed FA fraction. The molecular weight (MW) of the humic substances (HS) at peak maximum was estimated at 1,300 Da for the water extracts and their fractions from the Brown Lowland soil and non-allophanic Andosol samples by HPSEC using polyethylene glycols as MW standards. Manure application increased the MW of HS in the HA and PVP-adsorbed FA fractions. On the other hand, only a small amount of HS was found in the water extract of the allophanic Andosol by HPSEC.  相似文献   

Effect of forest structure on the spatial variation in soil respiration in a Bornean tropical rainforest   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ayumi Katayama  Tomonori Kume  Hikaru Komatsu  Mizue Ohashi  Michiko Nakagawa  Megumi Yamashita  Kyoichi Otsuki  Masakazu Suzuki  Tomo&#x;omi Kumagai 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2009,149(10):1666-1673

This study was undertaken to identify critical and practical factors explaining spatial variations in soil respiration and to estimate stand-scale soil respiration in an aseasonal tropical rainforest on Borneo Island. To this aim, we conducted soil respiration measurements at 25 points in a 40 m × 40 m subplot of a 4 ha study plot between 2002 and 2006, and examined the spatial variation in soil respiration averaged over the 4 years in relation to soil, root, and forest structural factors. In addition, we examined the spatial representativeness of soil respiration measured in the subplot using a specific scaling procedure. Consequently, we found significant positive correlation between the soil respiration and forest structural parameters such as the mean diameter at breast height (DBH), total basal area, and maximum DBH within 6 m of the measurement points. The most important factor was the mean DBH within 6 m of the measurement points, which had a significant linear relationship with soil respiration. Using the derived linear regression and an inventory dataset, we estimated the 4 ha plot-scale soil respiration. The 4 ha plot-scale estimation (6.0 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) was nearly identical to the subplot-scale measurements (5.7 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹), which were roughly comparable to the nocturnal CO₂ fluxes calculated using the eddy covariance technique. In addition, we discuss characteristics of the stand-scale soil respiration at this site by comparing with those of other forests reported in previous literature in terms of the soil C balance. Soil respiration at our site was noticeably greater, relative to the incident litterfall amount, than soil respiration in other tropical and temperate forests probably owing to the larger total belowground C allocation by emergent trees. Overall, this study suggests the arrangement of emergent trees with larger DBH and their belowground C allocation could be primary factors controlling spatial variations in soil respiration in the tropical rainforest.  相似文献   

Modifications of azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis and 90-day oral toxicities of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone as a radiolytic product of stearic acid in F344 rats     

Makoto Sato  Setsuko Todoriki  Tetsuyuki Takahashi  Ezar Hafez  Chie Takasu  Hisanori Uehara  Kohji Yamakage  Takashi Kondo  Kozo Matsumoto  Masakazu Furuta  Keisuke Izumi 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(2):99-107

A 90-day oral toxicity test in rats was performed to evaluate the toxicity of 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-tDCB), a unique radiolytic product of stearic acid. Six-week-old male and female F344 rats (n=15/group) were given 2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 12, 60 and 300 ppm in a powder diet for 13 weeks. Slight dose-dependent increases in serum total protein and albumin in male rats were found, but these changes were not considered to be a toxic effect. The fasting, but not non-fasting, blood glucose levels of the male rats in the 300 ppm group and female rats in the 60 and 300 ppm groups were lower than those of the controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed dose-dependent accumulation of 2-tDCB in adipose tissue, notably in males. Next, we performed an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced two-stage carcinogenesis study. After injection of 6-week-old male F344 rats (n=30/group) once a week for 3 weeks, the animals received 2-tDCB at concentrations of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm in a powder diet for 25 weeks. The incidences of colon tumors for the 2-tDCB dosages were 34%, 45%, 40% and 37%, respectively, and were not statistically significant. These data suggest that 2-tDCB shows no toxic or tumor-modifying effects under the present conditions, and that the no-observed-adverse-effect level for 2-tDCB is 300 ppm in both sexes, equivalent to 15.5 mg/kg b.w./day in males and 16.5 mg/kg b.w./day in females.  相似文献   

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes II: sensory evaluation by ordinary people     

Masakazu Hiraide  Ichiro Yokoyama  Yoshifumi Miyazaki 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(6):628-633

This study is part of an effort to improve the quality of dried shiitake mushrooms [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler], in accordance with consumer preference, and deals with a preference survey using questionnaires combined with sensory evaluation. The smell was evaluated using powdered dried shiitake mushrooms. Age, original preference (OP), sex, sensory intensity (SI), hedonic preference (HP), and sample amount were set as parameters. About 70% of panelists liked dried shiitake mushrooms. There were significant correlations among age, OP, and SI. There was also a significant correlation between OP and HP, but no significant correlation between SI and HP. However, when the panelists were classified by OP, there was an optimal value between SI and HP for likers and neutralists. The calculated optimal concentration of dried shiitake mushrooms for likers and neutralists ranged widely. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between SI and HP for dislikers, and their HP decreased according to the increase in the amount of the substance. The results showed that different concentrations of odorous components in dried shiitake mushrooms were needed to satisfy different consumer preferences.  相似文献   

Hydrocephalus and syringomyelia in a cat.     

K Tani  A Taga  K Itamoto  T Iwanaga  S Une  M Nakaichi  Y Taura 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(12):1331-1334

A 3-month-old male Japanese cat with feline parvovirus infection, showing central and cervical nerve abnormalities, was diagnosed as hydrocephalus and syringomyelia by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The cat was maintained clinically by medical treatment even though he could not stand. The MRI scans obtained about 5 months later showed that the ventricles had increased in size and the cervical syrinx had extended into the thoracic spinal cord. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was performed. One week after surgery, neurological conditions had improved. At the postoperative MR images, the ventricles had decreased in size and the syrinx in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord could no longer be seen. The cat was still alive and was able to walk well.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical detection of cellular prion protein (PrPc) in the rat central nervous system     

Fumio NAKAMURA  Iwao SEKI  Ken KOBAYASHI  Masakazu TANAKA  Shigeharu FUKUNAGA 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(6):553-556

A simple conventional method of immunohistochemistry (i.e. fixing the frozen sections in cold methanol) was used to determine the immunolocalization of cellular prion protein (PrPc), with good results. In the rat cerebrum, the cytoplasm of neural cells in the cortex and corpus stratum, pia mater, membrane limitans gliae superficialis, choroid plexus and blood vessel wall were immunostained. The formation of network structures of immunostained neural and/or glial fibers in the cerebral cortex was also observed. These immunostained network structures of neural and/or glial fibers were also observed in cultured neural cells. The results suggest that fixation of frozen sections and cultured cells with cold methanol is a useful method for detecting the immunolocalization of PrPc and that PrPc exists in the various components of the central nervous system of the rat.  相似文献   

Nodular cutaneous mucinosis in a hypothyroid dog – a severe form of myxoedema          下载免费PDF全文

Yutaka Momota  Masami Yamamoto  Hiroki‎ Yoshimatsu  Nozawa Satoshi  Kae Shigihara  Akiko Yasuda  Noriyuki Hayakawa  Mitsutaka Ikezawa  Kenji Tani  Akihiro Mori  Toshinori Sako 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(1):61-62

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The modified corneocyte surface area measurement as an index of epidermal barrier properties: inverse correlation with transepidermal water loss          下载免费PDF全文

Yutaka Momota  Kenichiro Shimada  Azusa Noguchi  Akio Saito  Satoshi Nozawa  Ayaka Niina  Kenji Tani  Daigo Azakami  Katsumi Ishioka  Toshinori Sako 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(2):67-e19

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