Seasonality of vertically partitioned soil CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> production in temperate and tropical forest     

Shoji Hashimoto  Nobuaki Tanaka  Tomonori Kume  Natsuko Yoshifuji  Norifumi Hotta  Katsunori Tanaka  Masakazu Suzuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(3):209-221

Soil CO₂ production seasonality at a number of depths was investigated in a temperate forest in Japan and in a tropical montane forest in Thailand. The CO₂ production rates were evaluated by examining differences in the estimated soil CO₂ flux at adjacent depths. The temperate forest had clear temperature seasonality and only slight rainfall seasonality, whereas the tropical montane forest showed clear rainfall seasonality and only slight temperature seasonality. In the temperate forest, the pattern of seasonal variation in soil respiration was similar at all depths, except the deepest (0.65 m–), and respiration was greater in summer and less in winter. The contribution of the shallowest depth (around 0.1 m) was more than 50% of total soil-surface CO₂ flux all year round, and the annual mean contribution was about 75%. CO₂ production mostly appeared to increase with temperature in shallower layers. In contrast, in the tropical forest, soil CO₂ production seasonality appeared to differ with depth. The CO₂ production rate in the shallowest layer was high during the rainy season and low during the dry season. Soil CO₂ production at greater depths (0.4 and 0.5 m–) showed the opposite seasonality to that in the shallower layer (around 0.1 m). As a result, the contribution from the shallow depth was greatest in the tropical forest during the rainy season (more than 90%), whereas it decreased during the dry season (about 50%). CO₂ production appeared to be controlled by soil water at all depths, and the different ranges of water saturation seemed to cause the difference in seasonality at each depth. Our results suggest the importance of considering the vertical distribution of soil processes, particularly in areas where soil water is a dominant controller of soil respiration.  相似文献   

Intraoperative hypertensive crisis in a dog with functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder     

H. Horikirizono  M. Nakaichi  H. Itoh  K. Itamoto  Y. Nemoto  H. Sunahara  K. Tani 《The Journal of small animal practice》2024,65(2):144-148

A 15-year-old spayed female mongrel presented with anorexia and an abdominal mass. The mass originated from the gall bladder and was surgically resected along with divisionectomy of the central hepatic division. Paroxysmal hypertension and tachycardia were noted during manipulation of the mass. Following resection, arterial blood pressure decreased significantly. Histopathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A yielded diffuse and strong positive results, while gastrin was positive in only 10% of the cells. The preoperative elevated concentrations of catecholamine in the urinalysis showed a marked decrease after surgery. Based on these findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder. The patient has undergone regular thoracic radiographs and ultrasound examinations and, until 431 days after surgery, has shown no signs of metastases or recurrences. Based on our literature search, we report the first case of functional paraganglioma of the gall bladder in a dog.  相似文献   

Functional annotation of a full-length Arabidopsis cDNA collection   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Seki M  Narusaka M  Kamiya A  Ishida J  Satou M  Sakurai T  Nakajima M  Enju A  Akiyama K  Oono Y  Muramatsu M  Hayashizaki Y  Kawai J  Carninci P  Itoh M  Ishii Y  Arakawa T  Shibata K  Shinagawa A  Shinozaki K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5565):141-145

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Simulation model of rainfed rice production on sloping land in northeast Thailand     

Kenji?SuzukiEmail author  Akira?Goto  Masakazu?Mizutani  Vichai?Sriboonlue 《Paddy and Water Environment》2003,1(2):91-97

In northeast Thailand, the rapid expansion of rainfed paddy fields has decreased the stability of rice production. This paper describes a model that computes rice production on the basis of the hydrologic conditions of rainfed paddy fields on hill slopes. The model well expressed the hydrologic processes, rice yield, and production at the study site. We simulated rice production as uphill paddy plots are abandoned, increasing catchment area, under various rainfall conditions. The simulation showed that rice yield and stability increase as uphill plots are abandoned, although the total rice production decreases. Thus, the effect of catchment size on rice production in each plot was quantified. The model proved to be useful for analyzing rainfed rice production under various land and water conditions.  相似文献   

Patchy stomatal behavior in broad-leaved trees grown in different habitats     

Takanashi S  Kosugi Y  Matsuo N  Tani M  Ohte N 《Tree physiology》2006,26(12):1565-1578

Effects of heterogeneity in stomatal behavior on gas-exchange characteristics of leaves from four tree species growing in different climates, including temperate, tropical monsoon and tropical rain forest, were investigated by combining gas-exchange measurements and the pressure-infiltration method. Field observations indicated linear relationships between whole-leaf conductance and the ratio of infiltrated to non-infiltrated leaf area (open stomata area) in Dipterocarpus sublamellatus Foxw. and Neobalanocarpus heimii (King) Ashton in a tropical rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia, whereas the ratio of infiltrated to non-infiltrated area rapidly increased up to the whole-leaf conductance at which the entire leaf was infiltrated in Cinnamomum camphora Sieb. in a temperate evergreen forest in Japan and in Azadirachta indica Juss. in a tropical monsoon area in Thailand. These results strongly suggest small ranges in bell-shaped stomatal conductance distributions in C. camphora and A. indica and bimodal stomatal conductance distributions in D. sublamellatus and N. heimii. The values of normalized maximum carboxylation rate at 25 degrees C (V(cmax25)) derived from gas-exchange measurements were not constant, but decreased with decreasing whole-leaf conductance in D. sublamellatus and N. heimii. A gas-exchange model analysis revealed a linear relationship between whole-leaf conductance and the ratio of infiltrated to non-infiltrated leaf area for bimodal stomatal conductance distributions, whereas for bell-shaped distributions, the relationships were nonlinear. Midday depression of apparent V(cmax25) in these species was mainly caused by bimodal stomatal closure. The bimodal stomatal distribution model could also explain diurnal changes in photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates in these species.  相似文献   

Safety of reduced-dosage ketoprofen for long-term oral administration in healthy dogs     

Narita T  Sato R  Tomizawa N  Tani K  Komori S  Hara S 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(7):1115-1120

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of reduced-dosage ketoprofen (RDKET) for long-term oral administration in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 14 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES: Racemic ketoprofen (0.25 mg/kg, PO) and gelatin capsules, as a drug-free placebo, were each administered to 7 dogs for 30 days. Dogs were periodically monitored via physical examination, blood analyses, endoscopic examinations, fecal occult blood tests (tetramethylbenzidine and guaiac methods), renal function tests (effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate), urinalyses, urinary enzyme indices (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase), and hemostatic function tests (buccal mucosa bleeding time, cuticle bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen concentration). RESULTS: Pyloric antrum lesion grade was significantly higher in the RDKET group on day 28, compared with the pretreatment and control group grades. Fecal occult blood grade measured by use of the tetramethylbenzidine method was significantly higher in the RDKET group on day 30, compared with the pretreatment grade. No other significant differences were detected between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RDKET induced mild to moderate gastric mucosal injuries especially in the pyloric antrum in healthy Beagles, whereas no adverse effects were observed in renal function or hemostasis. Fecal occult blood tests may be useful as screening tests for adverse gastrointestinal effects induced by RDKET in dogs.  相似文献   

Neuronal pathway from the liver modulates energy expenditure and systemic insulin sensitivity     

Uno K  Katagiri H  Yamada T  Ishigaki Y  Ogihara T  Imai J  Hasegawa Y  Gao J  Kaneko K  Iwasaki H  Ishihara H  Sasano H  Inukai K  Mizuguchi H  Asano T  Shiota M  Nakazato M  Oka Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5780):1656-1659

Coordinated control of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis requires communication between organs and tissues. We identified a neuronal pathway that participates in the cross talk between the liver and adipose tissue. By studying a mouse model, we showed that adenovirus-mediated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-g2 in the liver induces acute hepatic steatosis while markedly decreasing peripheral adiposity. These changes were accompanied by increased energy expenditure and improved systemic insulin sensitivity. Hepatic vagotomy and selective afferent blockage of the hepatic vagus revealed that the effects on peripheral tissues involve the afferent vagal nerve. Furthermore, an antidiabetic thiazolidinedione, a PPARg agonist, enhanced this pathway. This neuronal pathway from the liver may function to protect against metabolic perturbation induced by excessive energy storage.  相似文献   

Beech coppice conversion to high forest: results from a 31-year experiment in Eastern Pre-Alps     

Barbara Mariotti  Giorgio Alberti  Alberto Maltoni  Andrea Tani  Pietro Piussi 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(2):44

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Overcoming hybrid lethality in a cross between Japanese pear and apple using gamma irradiation and confirmation of hybrid status using flow cytometry and SSR markers     

Takeru Gonai  Toru Manabe  Eiichi Inoue  Mikio Hayashi  Toshiya Yamamoto  Tateki Hayashi  Fumio Sakuma  Masakazu Kasumi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Although there have been some attempts to obtain intergeneric hybrids between Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) mature hybrids have not been generated due to hybrid lethality. Shoots from immature hybrid embryos were gamma irradiated and cultured at normal temperature conditions to obtain viable intergeneric plants. Gamma irradiation doses of 50 and 100 Gy cultured at 25 °C killed all shoots but there was one survivor at 150 Gy and 25 °C. Hybrid status of the shoot was confirmed by using morphology, flow cytometry and SSR markers. The intergeneric plant had similar leaf serrations to apple and similar petioles to Japanese pear. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the intergeneric shoot had a DNA content intermediate between the parents. SSR analysis showed one allele from each parent for all 16 SSR loci investigated. These data strongly suggest that the obtained shoot is a true hybrid between Japanese pear and apple.  相似文献   

Occurrence of a temperate coastal flatfish,the marbled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae,at high water temperatures in a shallow bay in summer detected by acoustic telemetry     

Mitamura  Hiromichi  Arai  Nobuaki  Hori  Masakazu  Uchida  Keiichi  Kajiyama  Makoto  Ishii  Mitsuhiro 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(1):77-85

Fisheries Science - The marbled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, a flatfish found in temperate coastal waters, is an important commercial species in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, but little...  相似文献