Online analysis of volatile organic compound emissions from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)     

Hayward S  Tani A  Owen SM  Hewitt CN 《Tree physiology》2004,24(7):721-728

Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Bong.) growing in a range of controlled light and temperature regimes were monitored online with a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) operating at a temporal resolution of approximately 1 min. Isoprene emissions accounted for an average of more than 70% of measured VOCs and up to 3.5% of assimilated carbon. Emission rates (E) for isoprene correlated closely with photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and temperature, showing saturation at a PPF of between 300 and 400 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and a maximum between 35 and 38 degrees C. Under standard conditions of 30 degrees C and 1000 micromol m(-2) s(-1) PPF, the mean isoprene E was 13 microg gdm(-1) h(-1), considerably higher than previously observed in this species. Mean E for acetaldehyde, methanol and monoterpenes at 30 degrees C were 0.37, 0.78 and 2.97 microg gdm(-1) h(-1), respectively. In response to a sudden light to dark transition, isoprene E decreased exponentially by > 98% over about 3 h; however, during the first 7 min, this otherwise steady decay was temporarily but immediately depressed to approximately 40% of the pre-darkness rate, before rallying during the following 7 min to rejoin the general downward trajectory of the exponential decay. The sudden sharp fall in isoprene E was mirrored by a burst in acetaldehyde E. The acetaldehyde E maximum coincided with the isoprene E minimum (7 min post-illumination), and ceased when isoprene emissions resumed their exponential decay. The causes of, and linkages between, these phenomena were investigated.  相似文献   

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes III: substances that increase the odorous compound content     

Masakazu Hiraide 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(3):265-269

This study formed part of an effort to improve the quality of dried shiitake mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler], in accordance with consumer preferences, and deals with the search for substances that increase the odorous component content. From analysis of sulfur and sulfur-containing substances in the culture substrate, rice bran was found to be the main source of sulfur, and 75% of this was present as cysteine and methionine. The sulfur-containing substances were added to a sawdust medium containing only rice bran and sawdust as a substrate; shiitake mushrooms were cultivated in the medium, the fruiting bodies were dried, and the 1,2,4-trithiolane content in the fruiting bodies was measured as an indicator of the odorous compounds. Of the sulfur-containing substances, those that increased odorous compounds the most were cysteine and methionine. The efficiency of cysteine in this regard was higher than that of methionine. It was also noted that the amount of glutamic acid increased the odorous compounds in combination with cysteine and methionine. Furthermore, the addition of both amino acids and glutamic acid had no negative effect on the yield. These results showed that it is possible to produce dried shiitake mushrooms with a smell suitable for particular consumer preferences.  相似文献   

The impact of forest clear-cutting on soil temperature: a comparison between before and after cutting,and between clear-cut and control sites   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shoji?HashimotoEmail author  Masakazu?Suzuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2004,9(2):125-132

Soil temperature is one of the most important factors governing biological activity in the soil. This study was conducted to investigate how forest clear-cutting changes soil temperature. Soil temperatures at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0m depths were measured in two neighboring forest watersheds (35°12N, 140°06E) in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, from 1994 to 2000. One watershed was clear-cut 5 years after the observations began. After clear-cutting, the annual mean soil temperature at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0m depths rose by about 2.2, 2.0, 1.7, and 1.4°C, respectively. The maximum respective soil temperatures rose by about 3.2, 3.0, 2.2, and 1.8°C. The minimum soil temperature rose slightly (1°C). The range of temperatures increased by 3.0, 2.4, 1.6, and 1.4°C, respectively. In our study, forest clear-cutting raised maximum and average soil temperatures but hardly changed minimum soil temperature. This is probably because solar radiation dominated in the summer season and increased soil temperature; on the other hand, net long-wave radiation, and releases of latent and sensible heat from the soil surface, were predominant in the cool season.  相似文献   

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lentinula edodes</Emphasis> I: relationship between sensory evaluations and amounts of odorous components     

Masakazu?HiraideEmail author  Yoshifumi?Miyazaki  Yasushi?Shibata 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(4):358-364

The smell of food is one of the most important factors in assessing its quality. Concerning the smell of dried shiitake mushrooms [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler], 1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane, commonly known as lenthionine, has been reported as a key compound. However, other compounds have not been studied sufficiently in connection with smell. From the results of sensory intensity studies and sensory evaluations of dried shiitake mushrooms, a positive significant correlation at 1% risk was observed between sensory intensity and sulfur perception. This showed that the smell of dried shiitake mushrooms was characterized by a sulfurous smell. Also, comparing the sensory intensity with the amounts of volatile components showed positive significant correlations at 1% risk between sensory intensity and three compounds: 1,2,4-trithiolane, 1,2,4,6-tetrathiepane, and lenthionine. Furthermore, significant correlations at 5% risk were obtained between the amounts of these three compounds and sensory intensity by multiple regression analysis. This showed that the smell of dried shiitake mushrooms depended on these compounds. The partial regression coefficient of 1,2,4-trithiolane was larger than those of the others, and so it was proposed that 1,2,4-trithiolane could serve as an indicator to estimate the smell of dried shiitake mushroom.  相似文献   

Adsorption of mercury by sugi wood carbonized at 1000°C     

Lilibeth Pulido-Novicio  Yasuji Kurimoto  Masakazu Aoyama  Kazuto Seki  Shuichi Doi  Toshimitsu Hata  Shigehisa Ishihara  Yuji Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(2):159-162

The ability of sugi wood carbonized at 1000°C to adsorb mercury was examined using aqueous solutions of mercuric chloride. Parameters studied include contact time, pH, adsorption temperature, and initial concentration of mercury in solution. Results showed that sugi wood carbonized at 1000°C could effectively remove mercury from aqueous solutions. The carbonized wood showed high adsorption ability for mercury at a wide pH range (pH 3–9), but its ability drastically decreased at pH 11. Adsorption decreased with increases in adsorption temperatures, indicating that the processes were exothermic in nature. Adsorption was found to follow the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption capacity of carbonized sugi wood was comparable to that of commercial activated carbon.  相似文献   

Antibody responses in ostriches (Struthio camelus) vaccinated with commercial live and killed Newcastle disease vaccines     

Sakai K  Sakabe G  Tani O  Nakamura M  Takehara K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(6):627-629

Three ostriches (Struthio camelus) were immunized with commercially available live and killed Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines for chickens and the antibody responses to the ND vaccines were evaluated by a virus-neutralization (VN) test. Primary vaccination with the live vaccine, B1, by eye drop was followed with two shots of alum-precipitated killed vaccine via subcutaneous injection in the neck. As a final booster, another live vaccine, Clone 30, was used by eye drop. A VN antibody titer, more than 1:10 was observed for 6 months. This is the first report on the use of a live vaccine by eye drop as a booster in ostriches as well as evaluating responses to ND vaccines using the VN test in this avian species.  相似文献   

Serovar, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) affected with septicemic erysipelas in Japan     

Yamamoto K  Kijima M  Takahashi T  Yoshimura H  Tani O  Kojyou T  Yamawaki Y  Tanimoto T 《Research in veterinary science》1999,67(3):301-303

Six strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were isolated from farmed wild boars with acute septicemic erysipelas during the period from 1983 to 1998 in Japan. All isolates belonged to serovar 1a or 2 (predominant serovars in swine). The 50 per cent lethal dose values of those isolates ranged from 10(1.3)to 10(6.2)colony forming units in mice. In swine, all isolates were virulent, capable of inducing localized or generalized urticarial lesions after intradermal inoculation. All of the isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline and/or dihydrostreptomycin. These observations suggest that E. rhusiopathiae strains isolated from wild boars may have aetiological significance in swine erysipelas.  相似文献   

Epithelial-stromal tumor of the seminal vesicles in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tani Y  Suttie A  Flake GP  Nyska A  Maronpot RR 《Veterinary pathology》2005,42(3):306-314

The transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, designed for researching human prostatic cancer, was genetically engineered to harbor a transgene composed of the simian virus 40 Large-T/small-t antigen promoted by the rat probasin gene. In addition to prostatic neoplasms, the TRAMP mouse develops tumors in the seminal vesicles. This study was conducted to evaluate the pathology and histogenesis of TRAMP seminal vesicle neoplasms. Tissues of accessory sex organs harvested from 72 TRAMP mice of various ages (11-40 weeks of age) were fixed in neutral buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, desmin, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU, treated animals only), and SV40 Large-T antigen (SV40-Tag). In the seminal vesicles, we found neoplastic stromal cells that emerged multicentrically just beneath the epithelium, densely packed between the epithelium and the smooth muscle layer. These stromal cells frequently exhibited mitotic figures and showed BrdU incorporation and SV40-Tag protein expression in the nuclei and immunopositivity for desmin. The proliferative mesenchymal cells were lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium. Some of the larger papillary, polypoid lesions exhibited a phyllodes pattern resembling that seen in mixed epithelial-stromal tumors of the breast, prostate, and seminal vesicles of humans. Although the epithelium was negative for SV40-Tag and showed only occasional incorporation of BrdU, it clearly participated in the biphasic proliferation, forming papillary, cystic, and tubuloglandular structures. No conclusive evidence of malignancy (invasion or metastasis) was identified. Our recommended diagnosis of this lesion in the seminal vesicles is epithelial-stromal tumor.  相似文献   

Cross-reactivities with Cryptosporidium spp. by chicken monoclonal antibodies that recognize avian Eimeria spp     

Matsubayashi M  Kimata I  Iseki M  Lillehoj HS  Matsuda H  Nakanishi T  Tani H  Sasai K  Baba E 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,128(1-2):47-57

In a previous study, we have developed several chicken monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Eimeria acervulina (EA) in order to identify potential ligand molecules of Eimeria. One of these mAbs, 6D-12-G10, was found to recognize a conoid antigen of EA sporozoites and significantly inhibited the sporozoite invasions of host T lymphocytes in vitro. Furthermore, some of these chicken mAbs showed cross-reactivities with several different avian Eimeria spp. and the mAb 6D-12-G10 also demonstrated cross-reactivities with the tachyzoites of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Cryptosporidium spp. are coccidian parasites closely related to Eimeria spp., and especially C. parvum is an important cause of diarrhea in human and mammals. In the present study, to assess that the epitopes recognized by these chicken mAbs could exist on Cryptosporidium parasites, we examined the cross-reactivity of these mAbs with Cryptosporidium spp. using an indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and Western blotting analyses. In IFA by chicken mAbs, the mAb 6D-12-G10 only showed a immunofluorescence staining at the apical end of sporozoites of C. parvum and C. muris, and merozoites of C. parvum. Western blotting analyses revealed that the mAb 6D-12-G10 reacted with the 48-kDa molecular weight band of C. parvum and C. muris oocyst antigens, 5D-11 reacted the 155 kDa of C. muris. Furthermore, these epitopes appeared to be periodate insensitive. These results indicate that the target antigen recognized by these chicken mAbs might have a shared epitope, which is present on the apical complex of apicomplexan parasites.  相似文献   

Detection and sequence analysis of DNA polymerase and major envelope protein genes in koi herpesviruses derived from Cyprinus carpio in Gunma prefecture, Japan     

Ishioka T  Yoshizumi M  Izumi S  Suzuki K  Suzuki H  Kozawa K  Arai M  Nobusawa K  Morita Y  Kato M  Hoshino T  Iida T  Kosuge K  Kimura H 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,110(1-2):27-33

Koi herpesvirus (KHV), which is believed to be an emerging virus, causes fatal diseases in carps. Since the 1990s, the presence of KHV has been confirmed in several countries. In Japan, from 2003 to 2004, large outbreaks of KHV infection in farmed carps resulted in the death of numerous fishes. From April to May 2004, we collected 43 dead or dying carps exhibiting typical symptoms of KHV infection in Gunma prefecture. To conduct a molecular epidemiologic study of KHV in our prefecture, we amplified DNA polymerase and the major envelope protein genes of KHV derived from carp gills using newly designed primers. We also performed sequence analysis of both genes of KHV. Sensitivity of our PCR method for amplification of DNA polymerase and the major envelope protein genes of KHV was 3 x 10(2) (100 fg) and 3 x 10(3) (1000 fg) copies of KHV genome, respectively. We detected both DNA polymerase and major envelope protein genes in 37 of 43 carps (86%). No mutation was found in both the genes sequenced from 11 strains, which included two foreign strains and one domestic strain. The results suggested that KHV strains derived from carps in our prefecture were closely related genetically to the other KHV strains.  相似文献