Nitrogen balance in a paddy field planted with whole crop rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kusahonami) during two rice-growing seasons     

Khin Moe Kyaw  Koki Toyota  Masanori Okazaki  Takashi Motobayashi  Haruo Tanaka 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,42(1):72-82

This paper focuses on N balance in a paddy field planted with whole crop rice (Oryza sativa cv. Kusahonami). The experiment was conducted with two treatments during two rice-growing seasons: one was fertilized with N (160 kg N ha^–1; 16N plot) and the other unfertilized (0N plot); both plots were fertilized with P and K. The N input from precipitation was 15 and 12 kg N ha^–1 in 2002 and 2003, respectively. The N input from irrigation water reached as much as 123 and 69 kg N ha^–1 in 2002 and 2003, respectively. This was because irrigation water contained higher NO₃^– concentrations ranging from 4 to 8 mg N l^–1. The N uptake by rice plants was the major output: 118 and 240 kg N ha^–1 in the 0N and 16N plots in 2002 and 103 and 238 kg N ha^–1 in 2003, respectively. N losses by leaching were 4.8–5.3 and 6.5–7.3 kg N ha^–1 in 2002 and in 2003, respectively. Laboratory experiments were carried out to estimate the amounts of N₂ fixation and denitrification. Amount of N₂ fixation was 43 and 0 kg N ha^–1 in the 0N and 16N plots, respectively. Denitrification potential was quite high in both the plots, and 90% of the N input through irrigation water was lost through denitrification. Collectively, the total N inputs were relatively large due to irrigation water contaminated with NO₃^–, but N outflow loading, expressed as leaching–(irrigation water + precipitation + fertilizer), showed large negative values, suggesting that the whole crop rice field might serve as a constructed wetland for decreasing N.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effects of pesticides on growth and respiration of cultured cells     

Masanori Yoshida  Michihiro Onaka  Toshio Fujita  Minoru Nakajima 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1979,10(3):313-321

Effects of various drugs including pesticides on the growth and respiration of cultured cells were evaluated comparatively using cell lines derived from mosquito ovary and subcutaneous mouse tissues. The concentration producing 50% inhibition of cell growth, I₅₀ (M), was determined for each of 42 drugs. Inhibitors of respiration and nucleic acid and protein biosyntheses such as rotenone, piericidin A₁, actinomycin D, and puromycin had very high pI₅₀ values of approximately 8. Except for the compounds known to be uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, the drugs suppressed the respiration rate of the cultured cells to various degrees. The pI₅₀ value (and the pEC₁₅₀, 150% enhancement of the control, value for uncouplers) was determined for each compound. By examining the relation of pI₅₀ (and pEC₁₅₀) values between cell growth and respiration, the compounds could be classified into two groups according to their modes of inhibitory action against the cultured cells. One mode relates to the inhibition of energy synthesis and the other, perhaps, to interference with the biosynthesis of biomacromolecules.  相似文献   

A fertile case of a bovine heterosexual twin female with sex-chromosomal chimerism     

Yoh-Ichi Miyake  Tsune Ishikawa  Tsuneo Abe  Masanori Komatsu  Yoshiaki Kodama 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1980,15(2):103-106

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Chicken peripheral blood CD3+CD4-CD8- cells are regulated by endocrine and nerve systems     

Kushima K  Yoshida K  Fujita M  Shigeta A  Horiuchi H  Matsuda H  Furusawa S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):143-148

The existence of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells in thymus and spleen has already been known. However, because of the presence of large amounts of thrombocytes in peripheral blood (PB), the proportion of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells in PB has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the proportion of peripheral T cell-subsets was investigated in 6-week-old chickens. The percentage of CD3(+) cells, CD4(+) cells, CD8 alpha(+) cells, CD8 beta(+), and CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells was 76%, 41%, 14%, 5%, and 15%, respectively. The proportion of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells in PB increased during egg-laying periods and in chickens treated with an analog of estrogen, while it decreased with age and in response to restraint stress. All of the CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells expressed TCR1, and did not have NK activity. CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells represent about 60% of peripheral TCR1(+) cells. These findings indicate that the proportion of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) cells is regulated by the endocrine and nerve systems.  相似文献   

Expression of inhibins, activins, insulin-like growth factor-I and steroidogenic enzymes in the equine placenta     

Arai KY  Tanaka Y  Taniyama H  Tsunoda N  Nambo Y  Nagamine N  Watanabe G  Taya K 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2006,31(1):19-34

In this study, the expression patterns of inhibins, activins, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and steroidogenic enzymes in equine placentae recovered during the latter two-thirds of gestation were examined. Concentrations of inhibin A and inhibin pro-alphaC in endometrial and fetal placental tissue homogenates were very low during the period examined, whereas these tissues contained high concentrations of activin A. In both maternal endometrial and fetal placental tissues, activin A levels decreased as pregnancy progressed. Expression of inhibin alpha-subunit was not observed in the placenta using either immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization. Inhibin/activin betaA-subunit and its mRNA were confined to maternal endometrial glands, whereas immunopositive betaB-subunit was not detected in either endometrial glands or microcotyledons. Cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme was detected by immunohistochemistry in both endometrial glands and microcotyledons, whereas cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase/lyase was absent in these tissues. Immunopositive signals for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 aromatase were localized in microcotyledons but not in endometrial glands. Immunohistochemistry revealed that IGF-I was highly expressed in microcotyledons around Day 130, and decreased as pregnancy progressed. Changes in the expression of IGF-I were correlated with the number of PCNA positive cells in the placenta. The present study demonstrated the presence and localized the site of expression of activin, IGF-I and steroidogenic enzymes in equine placental tissues during the latter two-thirds of gestation; the results suggest that activin and IGF-I may be involved in the regulation of placental development.  相似文献   

Design of hammerhead ribozymes that cleave murine Sry mRNA in vitro and in vivo     

Nakamura K  Murata C  Ito M  Iwamori T  Nishimura S  Hisamatsu S  Sonoki S  Nakayama A  Suyama E  Kawasaki H  Taira K  Nishino K  Tachi C 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2006,52(1):73-80

As the first step in investigating the possiblity of applying ribozyme technology to artificial control of the sex ratios at birth in farm animals, where the demand for females exceeds that for males, we designed a hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz) and 2 tRNA(val)-hammerhead ribozyme complexes (tRNARz3 and tRNARz4), and examined their effects upon murine Sry mRNA in vitro and in cells. We demonstrated that HHRz and tRNARz3 could effectively cleave the target Sry mRNA in vitro. For the purpose of experiments in vivo, HHRz was cloned into the highly efficient pUC-CAGGS mammalian expression vector (pCAG/HHRz), and the tRNA ribozyme complexes were cloned into the pol III promoter-driven pPUR-KE vector (pPUR/tRNARz3 and pPUR/tRNARz4); the ribozyme vectors were co-transfected with the target vector (pCAG/Sry). A suppressive action (up to approx. 60%) was confirmed for pCAG/HHRz and pPUR/tRNARz3 upon the transiently expressed exogenously introduced Sry in M15 cultured cells.  相似文献   

Characterization of a new Maillard type reaction product generated by heating 1-deoxymaltulosyl-glycine in the presence of cysteine     

Ota M  Kohmura M  Kawaguchi H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(14):5127-5131

The reaction between Amadori compounds and cysteine was investigated. When 1-deoxymaltulosyl-glycine (glycyl-fructosyl-glucose) was heated at 100 degrees C with cysteine in a neutral aqueous solution, a novel intermediate composed of 1-deoxyosone and cysteine was detected. NMR and mass spectrometry studies revealed the structure of the isolated intermediate to be 7,8a-dihydroxy-4a-methyl-8-(alpha-d-glucopyranosyloxy)hexahydro-5-oxa-4-thia-1-azanaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. This intermediate easily generated isomaltol and acetylfuran as volatile compounds in 1 mol/L HCl at 100 degrees C.  相似文献   

A newly established bovine intestinal epithelial cell line is effective for in vitro screening of potential antiviral immunobiotic microorganisms for cattle     

Chiba E  Villena J  Hosoya S  Takanashi N  Shimazu T  Aso H  Tohno M  Suda Y  Kawai Y  Saito T  Miyazawa K  He F  Kitazawa H 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):688-694

We evaluated whether a bovine intestinal epithelial (BIE) cell line could serve as a useful in vitro model system for studying antiviral immune responses in bovine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and for the primary screening of immunobiotic microorganisms with antiviral protective capabilities. Immunofluorescent analyses revealed that toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) was expressed in BIE cells, and the results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that these cells respond to stimulation with poly(I:C) by up-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. In addition, we demonstrated that BIE cells are useful for the primary screening of immunobiotic lactic acid bacteria strains which are able to beneficially modulate antiviral immune responses triggered by TLR3 activation in bovine IECs. The characterization of BIE cells performed in the present study represents an important step towards the establishment of a valuable bovine in vitro system that could be used for the development of immunomodulatory feed for bovine hosts.  相似文献   

Effects of five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana on stimulus-induced superoxide generation, phosphorylation of proteins and translocation of cytosolic compounds to cell membrane in human neutrophils     

Wei S  He W  Lu J  Wang Z  Yamashita K  Yokoyama M  Kodama H 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(2):402-407

Five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins (OTS-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) were isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana. The effect of these triterpenoid saponins on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils was assayed by measuring the reduction of ferricytochrome c using a dual-beam spectrophotometer. The phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins, and translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were investigated using specific monoclonal antibodies. The five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins used in this experiment suppressed N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner. OTS-1, 2 and 4 suppressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but OTS-3 and 5 showed no effect. fMLP- and PMA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and fMLP-, PMA- and AA-induced translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation.  相似文献   

Vertical Transmission of Brucella abortus Causes Sterility in Pregnant Mice     

Hashino M  Kim S  Tachibana M  Shimizu T  Watarai M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(8):1075-1077

The mechanisms of abortion and sterility induced by bacterial infection are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that Brucella abortus, a causative agent of brucellosis and facultative intracellular pathogen, caused sterility in pregnant mice. We have recently established a mouse model for abortion induced by B. abortus infection and high rates of abortion are observed for bacterial infection on day 4.5 of gestation, but not for other days. Infected newborn (first generation) mice showed poor growth compared with uninfected newborn mice and bacterial replication in the spleen of the former was observed over a long period. When infected first generation female mice were mated to infected first generation male mice, the number of fetuses was significantly less than that in uninfected first generation mice. These infected second generation mice also showed poor growth. These results suggest that vertical transmission of B. abostus causes sterility in pregnant mice and our mouse model would be useful for the investigating of brucellosis.  相似文献