Realigning Educational Curriculum and the Realities of Clinical Practice in Wilderness Rangers     

John D. Anderson  Matthieu P. DeClerck  Kori Neessen  Tracy A. Cushing 《The Forestry Chronicle》2013,24(1):80-81

  相似文献   

Local anaesthetics for regional and intra-articular analgesia in the horse     

J. Schumacher  L. Boone 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(3):159-168

During the course of a lameness examination, intra-articular or perineural administration of a local anaesthetic is often necessary to isolate the source of pain causing lameness. Local anaesthetics are useful for intraoperative and post-operative pain relief and may allow for elimination of, or a decrease in, general anaesthesia. Within recent years, new information has become available concerning the use of local anaesthetics for localisation of pain and for palliation of pain. New information indicates that

• Lidocaine is less efficacious than mepivacaine or ropivacaine in ameliorating lameness caused by pain.
• After administering a nerve block, loss of skin sensation may not correlate with loss of pain causing lameness.
• Local anaesthetic solution must be deposited within the sheath of the neurovascular bundle to be effective.
• The dose of a local anaesthetic, which is a factor of volume and concentration, affects potency and duration of a nerve block.
• Local anaesthetics are toxic to chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Lidocaine and bupivacaine appear to be more toxic than mepivacaine or ropivacaine. The clinical significance of the toxic effect of a single intra-articular injection of local anaesthetic is yet to be determined.
• Sodium bicarbonate can be added to a local anaesthetic solution to increase its potency and speed of onset.
• Epinephrine added to local anaesthetic solution prolongs and intensifies its analgesic effect.
• Mixing quick-acting, short-duration and slow-acting, long-duration local anaesthetics will not result in a quick-acting, long-duration drug combination.

  相似文献   

Deconstructing homegardens: food security and sovereignty in northern Nicaragua     

Karie Boone  Peter Leigh Taylor 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(2):239-255

Development scholars and practitioners are promoting food security, food sovereignty, and the localization of food systems to prepare for the projected negative impacts of climate change. The implementation of biodiverse homegardens is often seen as a way not only to localize food production but also as a strategy in alignment with a food sovereignty agenda. While much scholarship has characterized and critiqued food security and sovereignty conceptualizations, relatively little research has examined people’s lived experiences in order to test how such theoretical visions play out on the ground in farming communities. Based on a case study of four coffee cooperatives in northern Nicaragua, we examine a non-governmental organization (NGO)-supported project promoting food security and sovereignty through development of homegardens. We ask: To what extent are homegardens an effective strategy to reach food sovereignty? And, why may farmers be resistant to changing their food production and consumption strategies to embrace biodiverse homegardens when they improve food security? We discuss characteristics of agroecological homegardens, the distinctions between food security, food sovereignty and dominant discourses of development, the history of food sovereignty in Nicaragua, and farmer perspectives on homegarden implementation. Despite historic critiques, NGOs are poised to facilitate the transformation of food and agricultural development by employing counter development strategies, a necessary step if homegardens are to be successful in the long term. To conclude, we propose some strategies NGOs and communities might pursue to move forward with homegardens as a food sovereignty strategy. This research suggests that a food sovereignty approach still rooted in mainstream development models faces significant obstacles to moving beyond food security and into a farmer-led food sovereignty agenda.  相似文献   

Q fever osteomyelitis: a case report and literature review     

Merhej V  Tattevin P  Revest M  Le Touvet B  Raoult D 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2012,35(2):169-172

Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii. The clinical manifestations of Q fever include endocarditis, pneumonitis and hepatitis. Disease awareness and evolving diagnostic tests have enabled the recognition of unusual manifestations of Q fever. We report a case of Q fever osteomyelitis. A 51-year-old patient was admitted to hospital because of fever, leg weakness, and asthenia. His past medical history included surgery and a bone graft for the treatment of a giant cell tumor on the distal part of the femur. Blood and bone biopsy cultures were negative. Bone histological examination was consistent with a sub-acute or chronic inflammatory reaction that involved foci of epithelioid and gigantocellular infiltrates and necrosis. Serology testing revealed high antibody titers to C. burnetii antigens (phase I: IgG 3200; IgA 200; phase II: IgG 6400; IgA 400), which is indicative of chronic Q fever. The specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the abscess sample from the femoral region was positive for C. burnetii. The patient was treated for chronic Q fever with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine for 18 months and recovered gradually without recurrence of pain or functional impairment. Q fever osteomyelitis is a rare and most likely underestimated disease. Epithelioid and gigantocellular granulomatous osteomyelitis in the context of culture-negative bone specimens should raise suspicion of Q fever. Serological tests, specific PCR and cell culture can provide evidence of a C. burnetii infection. Although bone diffusion may be a concern, the currently recommended treatment for Q fever was effective in this case.  相似文献   

Soil amino acid composition across a boreal forest successional sequence     

Nancy R. Werdin-Pfisterer  Richard D. Boone 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1210-1220

Soil amino acids are important sources of organic nitrogen for plant nutrition, yet few studies have examined which amino acids are most prevalent in the soil. In this study, we examined the composition, concentration, and seasonal patterns of soil amino acids across a primary successional sequence encompassing a natural gradient of plant productivity and soil physicochemical characteristics. Soil was collected from five stages (willow, alder, balsam poplar, white spruce, and black spruce) of the floodplain successional sequence on the Tanana River in interior Alaska. Water-extractable amino acid composition and concentration were determined by HPLC. Irrespective of successional stage, the amino acid pool was dominated by glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagine, alanine, and histidine. These six amino acids accounted for approximately 80% of the total amino acid pool. Amino acid concentrations were an order of magnitude higher in coniferous-dominated late successional stages than in early deciduous-dominated stages. The composition and concentration of amino acids were generally constant throughout the growing season. The similar amino acid composition across the successional sequence suggests that amino acids originate from a common source or through similar biochemical processes. These results demonstrate that amino acids are important components of the biogeochemical diversity of nitrogen forms in boreal forests.  相似文献   

Factors that Influence the Transport of Bacillus cereus Spores through Sand     

Minyoung Kim  Stephanie A. Boone  Charles P. Gerba 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,199(1-4):151-157

The goal of this study is to clarify the surface-chemical and microphysical variables that influence bacterial spore transport through soil, thereby defining the factors that may affect spore transport velocity. Bacillus cereus spores were continuously monitored in a soil column under saturated conditions with experimental variations in soil grain size (0.359 and 0.718 mm), pH (7.2 and 8.5), and water flow rate (1.3 and 3.0 mL/min). Increasing soil grain size, flow rate, and pH resulted in enhanced spore movement. Spore transport increased 82% when soil grain size was doubled. An increase in effluent flow rate from 1.3 to 3.0 mL/min increased spore movement by 71%. An increase in pH increased spore transport by 53%. The increase in hydrodynamic forces resulting from the larger grain size soil and higher flow rate functioned to overcome the hydrophobic nature of the spore’s coat, and the interparticle bonding forces between the spore and soil particles.  相似文献   

Use of the Cell-Dyn 3500 to predict leukemic cell lineage in peripheral blood of dogs and cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fernandes PJ  Modiano JF  Wojcieszyn J  Thomas JS  Benson PA  Smith R  Avery AC  Burnett RC  Boone LI  Johnson MC  Pierce KR 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2002,31(4):167-182

Background— Morphology and cytochemistry are the foundation for classification of leukemias in dogs and cats. Advances in automated hematology instrumentation, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular biology are significantly improving our ability to recognize and classify spontaneous myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Objective— The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of flow cytometry‐based light scatter patterns provided by the Cell‐Dyn 3500 (CD3500) automated hematology analyzer to predict the lineage of leukemic cells in peripheral blood of dogs and cats. Methods— Leukemic cells from 15 dogs and 6 cats were provisionally classified using an algorithm based on the CD3500 CBC output data and were subsequently phenotyped by enzyme cytochemistry, immunocytochemistry, indirect flow cytometry, and analysis of antigen receptor gene rearrangement. Results— The algorithm led to correct predictions regarding the ontogeny of the leukemic cells (erythroid/megakaryocytic potential, myeloid leukemia, monocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, lymphoid leukemia) in 19/21 animals. Mismatches in the WBC impedance count and the WBC optical count in conjunction with microscopic assessment of blasts in the blood were useful for predicting myeloproliferative disorders with erythroid or megakaryocytic potential. The leukocyte light scatter patterns enabled distinction among myeloid leukemias (represented by acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia) and lymphocytic leukemias (including acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias). One case of acute lymphocytic leukemia was misidentified as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusions— Algorithmic analyses can be applied to data generated by the CD3500 to predict the ontogeny of leukemic cells in the peripheral blood of dogs and cats. This rapid and quantitative technique may be used to improve diagnostic decisions, expand therapeutic choices, and increase prognostic accuracy.  相似文献   

Carbohydrate composition of apoplastic fluids isolated from tomato leaves inoculated with virulent or avirulent races of Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Fulvia fulva)     

Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten  Leon J. M. Hendrickx  Pierre J. G. M. De Wit 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1990,96(2):103-112

Inoculation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) with virulent races ofCladosporium fulvum (compatible interactions), resulted in substantial changes of the carbohydrate composition of apoplastic fluids isolated from the leaves, during the course of the infection process. In addition to a decrease in the concentration of the translocation sugar sucrose, a transient accumulation of the hexoses glucose and fructose and an accumulation of the polyol mannitol were observed. The latter coincided with a rising level of mannitol dehydrogenase, an enzyme that reduces fructose to mannitol. Only minor changes were detected in the carbohydrate composition of apoplastic fluids isolated from leaves of uninoculated control plants or plants inoculated with avirulent races ofC. fulvum (incompatible interactions). The fungal metabolite mannitol was not detected in apoplastic fluids isolated from the latter plants.These results suggest that, upon colonization of the intercellular spaces by virulent races ofC. fulvum, apoplastic sucrose is hydrolyzed by a host and/or fungal invertase and the resulting hexoses, glucose and fructose, are converted into mannitol by the fungus. In incompatible tomato-C. fulvum interactions a functional nutritional relationship between plant and fungus is prevented by plant defense responses, which might explain why in these interactions the carbohydrate composition of apoplastic fluids is similar to that of uninoculated control plants.Samenvatting Inoculatie van tomaat (Lycopersicon esculentum) met virulente fysio's vanC. fulvum (compatibele interacties), leidde tot aanzienlijke veranderingen in de koolhydraatsamenstelling van apoplastische vloeistoffen die uit de bladeren werden geïsoleerd in de loop van het infectieproces. Naast een sterke daling van de concentratie van de transportsuiker saccharose, vond er ophoping van de hexoses glucose en fructose en de polyol mannitol plaats. De accumulatie van mannitol ging gepaard met een toename in de activiteit van mannitol dehydrogenase, een enzym dat fructose reduceert tot mannitol. In de koolhydraatsamenstelling van apoplastische vloeistoffen geïsoleerd uit bladeren van niet geïnoculeerde controleplanten, of planten geïnoculeerd met avirulente fysio's vanC. fulvum (incompatibele interacties), werden slechts kleine veranderingen waargenomen. De schimmelmetaboliet mannitol kon niet worden aangetoond in de apoplastische vloeistoffen die uit deze planten werden geïsoleerd.Deze resultaten suggereren dat bij de kolonisatie van de intercellulaire ruimtes door virulente fysio's vanC. fulvum, saccharose uit de apoplast wordt gehydrolyseerd door invertase afkomstig van de plant of de schimmel waarna de ontstane hexoses, glucose en fructose, door de schimmel worden omgezet in mannitol. Bij incompatibele tomaatC. fulvum interacties wordt een functionele voedingsrelatie tussen plant en schimmel voorkomen door het optreden van afweerreacties van de plant, hetgeen kan verklaren waarom in deze interacties de koolhydraatsamenstelling van apoplastische vloeistoffen vergelijkbaar is met die van niet geïnoculeerde controleplanten.  相似文献   

X-ray tomography as a tool for detailed anatomical analysis     

Jan Van den Bulcke  Matthieu Boone  Joris Van Acker  Marc Stevens  Luc Van Hoorebeke 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(5):508-508

? Wood identification, anatomical examination and retrieval of quantitative information are important aspects of many research disciplines. Conventional light microscopy with a camera and (semi)-automatic image analysis software is an often used methodology for these purposes. More advanced techniques such as fluorescence, scanning electron, transmission electron, confocal laser scanning and atomic force microscopy are also part of the toolset answering to the need for detailed imaging.

? Fast, non-destructive visualization in three dimensions with high resolution combined with a broad field of view is sought-after, especially in combination with flexible software.

? A highly advanced supplement to the existing techniques, namely X-ray sub-micron tomography, meets these requirements. It enables the researcher to visualize the material with a voxel size approaching < 1 μm for small samples (< 1 mm). Furthermore, with tailor-made processing software quantitative data about the wood in two and three dimensions can be obtained. Examples of visualization and analysis of four wood species are given in this paper, focusing on the opportunities of tomography at micron and sub-micron resolution.

? X-ray computed tomography offers many possibilities for material research in general and wood science in specific, as a qualitative as well as a quantitative technique.

  相似文献   

Alterins Produced by Oyster-Associated Pseudoalteromonas Are Antibacterial Cyclolipopeptides with LPS-Binding Activity     

Florie Desriac  Abderrafek El Harras  Matthieu Simon  Arnaud Bondon  Benjamin Brillet  Patrick Le Chevalier  Martine Pugnire  Patrice Got  Delphine Destoumieux-Garzn  Yannick Fleury 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

Discovery after discovery, host-associated microbiota reveal a growing list of positive effects on host homeostasis by contributing to host nutrition, improving hosts’ immune systems and protecting hosts against pathogens. In that context, a collection of oyster associated bacteria producing antibacterial compounds have been established to evaluate their role in non-host-derived immunity. Here, we described alterins; potent anti-Gram negative compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas hCg-6 and hCg-42 isolated from different healthy oyster hemolymph. The strains hCg-6 and hCg-42 produce a set of at least seven antibacterial compounds, ranging from 926 to 982 Da structurally characterized as cyclolipopeptides (CLPs). Alterins share the same cationic heptapeptidic cycle connected via an amido bond to different hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. Their MICs disclosed a potent antibacterial activity directed against Gram-negative bacteria including oyster and human pathogens that may confer a beneficial defense mechanism to the host but also represents an untapped source of new antibiotics. The alterins’ mechanisms of action have been deciphered: after binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), alterins provoke a membrane depolarization and permeabilization leading to bacterial lysis. As hCg-6 and hCg-42 produced a set of natural derivatives, the structure/activity relationship linked to the carbon tail is clarified. We showed that the hydrocarbon tail determines the LPS-binding properties of alterins and consequently their antibacterial activities. Its length and saturation seem to play a major role in this interaction.  相似文献