Supply chain management in the Swedish wood products industry – a need analysis     

Magnus Larsson  Matti Stendahl  Anders Roos 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2016,31(8):777-787

This paper examines the potential of supply chain management (SCM) to address challenges associated with Swedish wood-based supply chains (SCs). Information drawn from a review of literature concerning SCM in the wood products industry is compared and contrasted with data obtained from a case study of an integrated sawmill SC in Northern Sweden, focusing on interviewed participants’ perceived needs and benefits of integrating SC operations. Key components of SCM for the wood products industry are suggested for categorizing the literature and results from the case study. Previous SCM studies have largely focused on solving planning problems by operational analysis, and/or SC strategies, while several important aspects including risk management, integrated performance indicators, power relations, leadership and culture have received relatively little attention. The interviews highlight needs to enhance SC actors’ coordination and communication, as well as for more systematic study of the potential for enhancing efficiency and profit margins in SCs of Swedish wood products.  相似文献   

Circadian variation in ghrelin and certain stress hormones in crib-biting horses     

Hemmann K  Raekallio M  Kanerva K  Hänninen L  Pastell M  Palviainen M  Vainio O 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(1):97-102

Crib-biting is classified as an oral stereotypy, which may be initiated by stress susceptibility, management factors, genetic factors and gastrointestinal irritation. Ghrelin has been identified in the gastric mucosa and is involved in the control of food intake and reward, but its relationship to crib-biting is not yet known. The aim of this study was to examine the concentration and circadian variation of plasma ghrelin, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and β-endorphin in crib-biting horses and non-crib-biting controls. Plasma samples were collected every second hour for 24h in the daily environment of eight horses with stereotypic crib-biting and eight non-crib-biting controls. The crib-biting horses had significantly higher mean plasma ghrelin concentrations than the control horses. The circadian rhythm of cortisol was evident, indicating that the sampling protocol did not inhibit the circadian regulation in these horses. Crib-biting had no statistically significant effect on cortisol, ACTH or β-endorphin concentrations. The inter-individual variations in β-endorphin and ACTH were higher than the intra-individual differences, which made inter-individual comparisons difficult and complicated the interpretation of results. Further research is therefore needed to determine the relationship between crib-biting and ghrelin concentration.  相似文献   

Small-Scale Forest Related Activities in the Everyday Life of the Finns: Results of Time-Budget Studies     

Olli Saastamoinen  Matti Vaara 《Small-Scale Forestry》2009,8(4):425-445

The availability of human time and the factors affecting its allocation play an important role in the individual choices between daily activities. It can be claimed that the allocation of time for various forest related (household or recreational) activities provides one common yardstick to examine the significance of forest uses in the everyday life of ordinary people. This paper examines the time allocation of ordinary Finns (aged 10 years or over) outside of their work or school hours to selected forest-related small-scale activities derived from household needs or recreational purposes at the turn of the millennium (1999–2000), and investigates the factors affecting the time spent on forest work performed by Finnish population outside of the labour market. It was found that about 3% of total human available time was allocated in outdoor recreation or related activities. Spatially, 22% (52 h/person/year) of total time was allocated in forest-based, 23% in water-based and the rest in mixed environment-based activities. The time spent on the consumptive nature-based recreation activities, including recreational fishing and leisure time forest work, was 43 h corresponding 19% of total time of the activities studied. The estimated time spent on forest work was higher than found in earlier studies. The amount of time used in forest work was highest among farmers, aged 60 and over, pensioners and unemployed persons. An unexpectedly large proportion of time was spend in the fuelwood production and consumption chain from forest to fireplace. The precise observations within the fixed time frame are the major advantages of the time-budget method, which however demands substantial resources for implementation.  相似文献   

The use of North-European vaccinium species in blueberry breeding     

Arne Rousi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1966,13(1-4):290-295

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The susceptibility of herbal willow to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Melampsora</Emphasis> rust and herbivores     

Susanne Heiska  Olli-Pekka Tikkanen  Matti Rousi  Satu Turtola  Veijo Tirkkonen  Beat Meier  Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):275-285

Eight Dark-leaved willow (Salix myrsinifolia) clones and two naturally hybridised clones (S. myrsinifolia × S. phylicifolia), that are considered to be suitable for herbal production, were cultivated for 2 years in Luikonlahti and Punkaharju. Both experimental sites are located in eastern Finland and the distance between the sites is 140 km. Different cultivation methods were used, including combinations of soil tillage, plastic mulch and fertilisation, with the aim of comparing the growth and susceptibility of plants to pathogens and willow-eating herbivores amongst the clones cultivated by different methods. In both study years 2001 and 2002, Melampsora rust-infected willows occurred in Luikonlahti and in Punkaharju. The extent of rust severity varied greatly between the years and experimental areas and amongst the clones. In 2002, fertilisation increased rust severity in Luikonlahti, but the effect was the converse in Punkaharju. Mulch effect on rust severity was clone-dependent. Vole feeding was observed in 56% of the plants in Luikonlahti during the winter 2001–2002 and the frequency of damaged plants was nearly twice as much amongst the willows grown in unmulched soil as those with plastic mulch. Cultivation method had no effect on feeding by leaf beetles or the abundance of aphids. Of the cultivation methods tested here, plastic mulch seems to have the most important influence on willow cultivation, particularly by improving willow growth and also by decreasing winter-feeding by voles.  相似文献   

Ovarian dysgerminomas in two mountain chicken frogs (Leptodactylus fallax).     

Scott D Fitzgerald  Ann E Duncan  Chris Tabaka  Michael M Garner  April Dieter  Matti Kiupel 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(1):150-153

This report describes the gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of ovarian dysgerminomas in two adult female mountain chicken frogs (Leptodactylusfallax) from the same zoological institution. One frog was found dead, and the other frog had been ill for several days with a bloated abdomen and lethargy. On necropsy, large, pale multilobulated masses replaced the left ovary in both frogs, and one frog also had numerous smaller nodules scattered throughout the coelomic viscera. Histologically, these masses were composed of sheets and cords of polyhedral discrete germ cells consistent with the diagnosis of dysgerminoma. Neoplastic cells stained positive with immunohistochemistry for Oct4, which has been reported to detect stem cells including germ cells in a variety of species, including humans. Ovarian tumors are uncommonly encountered in both reptiles and amphibians, and this report is the first report of dysgerminoma in any amphibian species.  相似文献   

Treatment of malignant lymphoma in an African lion (Panthera leo).     

Tara M Harrison  James Sikarskie  Barbara Kitchell  Diana S Rosenstein  Heather Flaherty  Scott D Fitzgerald  Matti Kiupel 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(2):333-336

A 14 yr-old male, vasectomized African lion (Panthera leo) exhibited mild weight loss despite adequate appetite. Splenomegaly was diagnosed on physical examination. On the basis of hematology and clinical pathology, malignant lymphoma with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed. Abdominal exploratory surgery and splenectomy were performed. Histologic examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed a small cell peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Initial treatments consisted of doxorubicin and prednisone, with later addition of lomustine. The lion remained in clinical remission at 2 mo, 6 mo, and 12 mo postchemotherapy physical examinations. The lion survived 504 days from initial diagnosis. At necropsy, the only lesions consistent with lymphoma were localized epitheliotrophic infiltrates of small neoplastic T lymphocytes within the nasopharyngeal epithelium and the underlying submucosa observed on microscopic examination.  相似文献   

Evaluation of tongue as a complementary sample for the diagnosis of parvoviral infection in dogs and cats.     

Christy A McKnight  Roger K Maes  Annabel G Wise  Matti Kiupel 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(4):409-413

Diagnosis of canine parvovirus type 2 and feline panleukopenia virus infection in dogs and cats may be hampered by the severity of enteric lesions, secondary bacterial overgrowth, and rapid onset of autolysis. In contrast to small intestine, tongue epithelium is less sensitive to postmortem changes. Sections of tongue and small intestine from 11 dogs and 11 cats with a clinical history and gross and microscopic lesions compatible with canine and feline parvoviral infection were examined for parvoviral infection using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and direct fluorescent antibody testing (FA). Parvoviral DNA was detected by PCR in both small intestine and tongue of all but 1 dog. Nineteen of 22 animals (86%) with suspect or positive FA staining in the small intestine also had positive FA and IHC staining in the tongue. Three of 3 dogs (100%) whose carcasses had been frozen and thawed prior to necropsy had more consistently positive staining in tongue than in small intestine by FA and IHC. These data confirm tongue as an excellent complementary sample for parvoviral testing in dogs and cats, especially in cases in which postmortem autolysis has occurred.  相似文献   

Differences in the rust resistance of greenhouse and outdoor-grown white birch species,Betula spp.     

M. Poteri  M. Rousi  Zhi-He Gao 《Forest Pathology》1997,27(6):363-372

The 2-year-old seedlings of five different white birch species (Betula platyphylla, Betula papyrifera, Betula pubescens, Betula pendula (two types) and Betula resinifera x Betula pendula) grown both in a greenhouse and outdoors, were inoculated in a leaf disc assay with two different birch rust (Mel-ampsoridium betulinum) isolates from B. pendula and B. pubescens. The resistance of these birch species varied significantly. Resistance to the B. pubescens rust isolate was not related to the resistance of the B. pendula rust isolate. The behaviour of a birch genotype grown in the greenhouse did not correspond to the behaviour of the same genotype grown outdoors. The outdoor growth environment greatly increased the contents of soluble proteins, rubisco, chloro-phyll and nitrogen in the leaves of diploid birch species (B. platyphylla, B. pendula and B. resinifera x B. pendula). For tetraploid and pentaploid species (B. pubescens and B. papyrifera, respectively) there was no such clear difference in the leaf physiological status between the seedlings grown outdoors and in the greenhouse. The C:N ratio was higher for the greenhouse-grown seedlings in all the birch species, but the difference was significant only with the diploid species. The incidence of rust in the birch species did not correlate with any of the leaf physiological parameters studied. The adaptability of birch genotypes to the environment in relation to their resistance to birch leaf rust is discussed.  相似文献   

Relationship between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, IL-1alpha, and TRAF1 in primary bovine monocyte-derived macrophages     

Chiang SK  Sommer S  Aho AD  Kiupel M  Colvin C  Tooker B  Coussens PM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,116(3-4):131-144

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that resides in host macrophage cells. Presently, little is known about how MAP is able to subvert the normal bacteriocidal functions of infected macrophages. Previously, we reported that ileal tissues from MAP infected cattle contained high levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), relative to ileal tissues from uninfected cattle. High-level expression of these two proteins could have profound effects on macrophage function, intracellular signaling, and apoptosis. We now demonstrate that high levels of TRAF1 protein are located primarily within macrophages infiltrating areas of MAP infection. We have also utilized cultured bovine monocyte-derived macrophage cells (MDM) either infected with live MAP or stimulated with recombinant IL-1alpha (rIL-1alpha) to determine if there is a relationship between IL-1alpha and TRAF1 expression. These studies have identified a dose dependent increase in TRAF1 protein levels in bovine MDM in response to infection with live MAP or following treatment with rIL-1alpha. Sustained TRAF1 protein expression was dependent upon interaction of rIL-1alpha with it's receptor and rIL-1beta was also able to enhance TRAF1 gene expression. Our results suggest that MAP may use the IL-1-TRAF1 system to enhance TRAF1 protein expression in infected bovine MDM. These novel results provide evidence for a new avenue of research on the effect of MAP and other intracellular pathogens on macrophage signaling and apoptosis.  相似文献