Relationship between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, IL-1alpha, and TRAF1 in primary bovine monocyte-derived macrophages     

Chiang SK  Sommer S  Aho AD  Kiupel M  Colvin C  Tooker B  Coussens PM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,116(3-4):131-144

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that resides in host macrophage cells. Presently, little is known about how MAP is able to subvert the normal bacteriocidal functions of infected macrophages. Previously, we reported that ileal tissues from MAP infected cattle contained high levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), relative to ileal tissues from uninfected cattle. High-level expression of these two proteins could have profound effects on macrophage function, intracellular signaling, and apoptosis. We now demonstrate that high levels of TRAF1 protein are located primarily within macrophages infiltrating areas of MAP infection. We have also utilized cultured bovine monocyte-derived macrophage cells (MDM) either infected with live MAP or stimulated with recombinant IL-1alpha (rIL-1alpha) to determine if there is a relationship between IL-1alpha and TRAF1 expression. These studies have identified a dose dependent increase in TRAF1 protein levels in bovine MDM in response to infection with live MAP or following treatment with rIL-1alpha. Sustained TRAF1 protein expression was dependent upon interaction of rIL-1alpha with it's receptor and rIL-1beta was also able to enhance TRAF1 gene expression. Our results suggest that MAP may use the IL-1-TRAF1 system to enhance TRAF1 protein expression in infected bovine MDM. These novel results provide evidence for a new avenue of research on the effect of MAP and other intracellular pathogens on macrophage signaling and apoptosis.  相似文献   

Clinical outcomes of 30 cases (1997-2004) of canine gastrointestinal lymphoma     

Frank JD  Reimer SB  Kass PH  Kiupel M 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2007,43(6):313-321

In 30 cases of canine gastrointestinal lymphoma, each case was localized to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, or two or more sites. Treatments consisted of surgery alone (n=4), surgery with chemotherapy (n=8), chemotherapy alone (n=15), or supportive care (n=3). Four dogs died, 24 were euthanized, and two are currently alive. Median survival time for all cases was 13 days. In both surviving dogs, the site of lymphoma was the large intestine. Canine gastrointestinal lymphoma is a severe disease that warrants a poor to grave prognosis. However, cases of colorectal origin may have longer survival times.  相似文献   

Genetic and environmental determinants of silver birch growth and herbivore resistance     

Tarja Silfver  Heikki Roininen  Elina Oksanen  Matti Rousi 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Plant growth and herbivore resistance is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to examine (1) whether genotype explains variation in herbivore resistance, plant growth and tolerance of feeding within natural silver birch populations, (2) whether there is significant interaction between birch genotype and environment or the study year, and (3) whether there are defence costs in field grown juvenile silver birch saplings. The 22 genotypes studied were assigned insect exposure and insect removal treatments in two different environments. Resistance to insect herbivory was measured as the amount of undamaged leaves of the saplings and tolerance of feeding as a difference in relative height increment of the saplings between insect exposure and removal treatments in relation to the amount of damage (i.e. opposite number of resistance). Our study shows that a local silver birch population has substantial genotypic variation in resistance to insect herbivores and this variation is not affected by the environment or the study year. Genotypic variation was not observed for tolerance of feeding. We also showed that, in contrast to genotypic variation in resistance, the genotypic variation in growth among silver birch genotypes strongly depended on the environment, i.e. silver birch genotypes have a high degree of phenotypic plasticity in their growth. Therefore, defence costs in terms of lower growth rate appear to be highly dependent on the environment. To conclude, our results indicate that silver birch populations have a good potential to adapt to possibly increasing herbivory in boreal forests in warmer future climates.  相似文献   

Integrated production of semi-finished components in sawmills,part II: Management of internal operations     

Matti Stendahl  Lars Eliasson 《Wood material science & engineering》2014,9(1):12-30

Recently, several Swedish sawmills have taken over production of components from customers in the furniture, joinery and house-manufacturing industries. The purpose of this study was to identify key factors in management of internal operations for sawmills with this strategy. A multiple case study design, based on face-to-face interviews with Swedish sawmill practitioners and on various forms of secondary data, produced comprehensive research information. Starting integrated production of components is a demanding strategy for sawmills. It requires deep knowledge about the customer and qualified skills in advanced further-processing of sawn wood. The complexity of quality management, production planning and cost calculation increases, and investments in processing equipment and customer relations reduce strategic flexibility. The diverging material flow complicates sawmills' possibilities to economize on scale, and they must instead economize on other factors, such as scope, combined operations and internal control. New tools for production follow-up and control, for production planning, for analysis of product profitability and for strategic partnership analysis are requested by practitioners. But, even if new analysis tools would facilitate better analysis and management of operations, the willingness and ability to innovate and learn among the personnel emerges as a key factor for success.  相似文献   

Expression of the Bcl-2 apoptotic marker in cats diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal lymphoma     

Swanson CM  Smedley RC  Saavedra PV  Kiupel M  Kitchell BE 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(10):741-745

Immunolabeling for the critical lymphocyte survival factor, Bcl-2, of intestinal biopsies from cats with histologic evidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma was evaluated to determine if expression differed significantly between these two disease processes. Immunolabeling for Bcl-2 was performed on small intestinal endoscopic or full thickness biopsy sections from 55 cats. Diagnosis of IBD, T-cell lymphoma or B-cell lymphoma was established previously. The percentage of infiltrating lymphocytes that were positively labeled for Bcl-2 was subjectively determined for each case. Eight cats were diagnosed with IBD and 47 cats with lymphoma. A significantly higher percentage of cells were positively immunolabeled for Bcl-2 in cats with GI lymphoma [median (range); 90 (5-95)%] compared with cats with IBD [60 (15-95)%] (P = 0.029). However, the overall degree of positive immunolabeling in both groups tended to be high. This over-expression of Bcl-2 may prove useful as a therapeutic target for IBD and GI lymphoma in cats.  相似文献   

Tetrodotoxin sensitivity of the vertebrate cardiac Na+ current     

Vornanen M  Hassinen M  Haverinen J 《Marine drugs》2011,9(11):2409-2422

Evolutionary origin and physiological significance of the tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistance of the vertebrate cardiac Na(+) current (I(Na)) is still unresolved. To this end, TTX sensitivity of the cardiac I(Na) was examined in cardiac myocytes of a cyclostome (lamprey), three teleost fishes (crucian carp, burbot and rainbow trout), a clawed frog, a snake (viper) and a bird (quail). In lamprey, teleost fishes, frog and bird the cardiac I(Na) was highly TTX-sensitive with EC(50)-values between 1.4 and 6.6 nmol·L(-1). In the snake heart, about 80% of the I(Na) was TTX-resistant with EC(50) value of 0.65 μmol·L(-1), the rest being TTX-sensitive (EC(50) = 0.5 nmol·L(-1)). Although TTX-resistance of the cardiac I(Na) appears to be limited to mammals and reptiles, the presence of TTX-resistant isoform of Na(+) channel in the lamprey heart suggest an early evolutionary origin of the TTX-resistance, perhaps in the common ancestor of all vertebrates.  相似文献   

Effects of working-memory training on striatal dopamine release     

Bäckman L  Nyberg L  Soveri A  Johansson J  Andersson M  Dahlin E  Neely AS  Virta J  Laine M  Rinne JO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6043):718

Updating of working memory has been associated with striato-frontal brain regions and phasic dopaminergic neurotransmission. We assessed raclopride binding to striatal dopamine (DA) D2 receptors during a letter-updating task and a control condition before and after 5 weeks of updating training. Results showed that updating affected DA activity before training and that training further increased striatal DA release during updating. These findings highlight the pivotal role of transient neural processes associated with D2 receptor activity in working memory.  相似文献   

Cyanobacteria from Terrestrial and Marine Sources Contain Apoptogens Able to Overcome Chemoresistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells     

Liwei Liu  Lars Herfindal  Jouni Jokela  Tania Keiko Shishido  Matti Wahlsten  Stein Ove D?skeland  Kaarina Sivonen 《Marine drugs》2014,12(4):2036-2053

In this study, we investigated forty cyanobacterial isolates from biofilms, gastropods, brackish water and symbiotic lichen habitats. Their aqueous and organic extracts were used to screen for apoptosis-inducing activity against acute myeloid leukemia cells. A total of 28 extracts showed cytotoxicity against rat acute myeloid leukemia (IPC-81) cells. The design of the screen made it possible to eliminate known toxins, such as microcystins and nodularin, or known metabolites with anti-leukemic activity, such as adenosine and its analogs. A cytotoxicity test on human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) fibroblasts indicated that 21 of the 28 extracts containing anti-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) activity showed selectivity in favor of leukemia cells. Extracts L26-O and L30-O were able to partly overcome the chemotherapy resistance induced by the oncogenic protein Bcl-2, whereas extract L1-O overcame protection from the deletion of the tumor suppressor protein p53. In conclusion, cyanobacteria are a prolific resource for anti-leukemia compounds that have potential for pharmaceutical applications. Based on the variety of cellular responses, we also conclude that the different anti-leukemic compounds in the cyanobacterial extracts target different elements of the death machinery of mammalian cells.  相似文献   

FOREWORD     

Károly Pintér  Matti Sipponen 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2001,8(4-5):iii-iv

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Inventory of aspen trees in spruce dominated stands in conserva-tion area     

Matti Maltamo  Annukka Pesonen  Lauri Korhonen  Jari Kouki  Mikko Vehmas  Kalle Eerik?inen 《中国林学(英文版)》2015,(2):143-154

Background: The occurrence of aspen trees increases the conservation value of mature conifer dominated forests.Aspens typically occur as scattered individuals among major tree species, and therefore the inventory of aspens is challenging.Methods: We characterized aspen populations in a boreal nature reserve using diameter distribution, spatial pattern, and forest attributes: volume, number of aspens, number of large aspen stems and basal area median diameter. The data were collected from three separate forest stands in Koli National Park, eastern Finland. At each site, we measured breast height diameter and coordinates of each aspen. The comparison of inventory methods of aspens within the three stands was based on simulations with mapped field data. We mimicked stand level inventory by locating varying numbers of fixed area circular plots both systematically and randomly within the stands. Additionally, we also tested if the use of airborne laser scanning(ALS) data as auxiliary information would improve the accuracy of the stand level inventory by applying the probability proportional to size sampling to assist the selection of field plot locations.Results: The results showed that aspens were always clustered, and the diameter distributions indicated different stand structures in the three investigated forest stands. The reliability of the volume and number of large aspen trees varied from relative root mean square error figures above 50% with fewer sample plots(5–10) to values of25%–50% with 10 or more sample plots. Stand level inventory estimates were also able to detect spatial pattern and the shape of the diameter distribution. In addition, ALS-based auxiliary information could be useful in guiding the inventories, but caution should be used when applying the ALS-supported inventory technique.Conclusions: This study characterized European aspen populations for the purposes of monitoring and management of boreal conservation areas. Our results suggest that if the number of sample plots is adequate,i.e. 10 or more stand level inventory will provide accurate enough forest attributes estimates in conservation areas(minimum accuracy requirement of RMSE% is 20%–50%). Even for the more ecologically valuable attributes, such as diameter distribution, spatial pattern and large aspens, the estimates are acceptable for conservation purposes.  相似文献