Kinetic measurements of gait for osteoarthritis research in dogs and cats     

Maxim Moreau  Bertrand Lussier  Laurent Ballaz  Eric Troncy 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(11):1057-1065

Over the past 2 decades the measurement of ground reaction forces (GRF) has been extensively used in dogs and cats to gain insights on normal locomotion, discrepancies under pathologic conditions, and biomechanical changes following surgical procedures. Ground reaction forces have become a well-established outcome measure of pain-related functional impairment in animals affected by experimental and naturally occurring osteoarthritis. This paper comprehensively reviews the nature of GRF and presents arguments regarding its measurement in osteoarthritis research.  相似文献   

Improved water and rice residue managements reduce greenhouse gas emissions from paddy soil and increase rice yields     

Hung  Dao Trong  Banfield  Callum C.  Dorodnikov  Maxim  Sauer  Daniela 《Paddy and Water Environment》2022,20(1):93-105

Paddy and Water Environment - Optimization of land-use practices of rice cultivation for the mitigation of the most significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture methane (CH4) and...  相似文献   

丝棉木种子处理与圃地养干技术研究     

张俊朴  李凤诩 《河北林果研究》1991,(1)

本文对丝棉木的种子处理与圃地养干技术进行了试验研究,结果认为:丝棉木播种育苗进行种子处理时,必须脱去假种皮进行冬季沙藏,才能取得较好效果。在苗圃地养干,以抹芽养干方法最好。  相似文献   

Transcriptome profiling helps to identify potential and true molecular switches of stealth to brute force behavior in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectobacterium atrosepticum</Emphasis> during systemic colonization of tobacco plants     

Vladimir Gorshkov  Rim Gubaev  Olga Petrova  Amina Daminova  Natalia Gogoleva  Marina Ageeva  Olga Parfirova  Maxim Prokchorchik  Yevgeny Nikolaichik  Yuri Gogolev 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(4):957-976

In the present study, we have monitored the process of systemic plant colonization by the plant pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba) using RNA-Seq analysis in order to compare bacterial traits under in planta and in vitro conditions and to reveal potential players that participate in switching from stealth to brute force strategy of the pathogen. Two stages of tobacco plant colonization have been assayed: i) the initial one associated with visually symptomless spread of bacteria throughout the host body via primary xylem vessels where bacterial emboli were formed (stealth strategy), and ii) the advanced stage coupled with an extensive colonization of core parenchyma and manifestation of soft rot symptoms (brute force strategy). Plant-inducible genes in Pba and potential players switching the pathogen’s behavior were revealed. Genes from the cfa locus responsible for the production of coronafacic acid displayed the strongest induction in the asymptomatic zone relative to the symptomatic one and were shown experimentally to act as the true strategy “switchers” of Pba behavior in planta. Surprisingly, cfa genes appeared to be unnecessary for establishment of the asymptomatic stage of plant colonization but were required for the transition to soft-rot-associated symptomatic stage coupled with over-induction of jasmonate-mediated pathway in the plant.  相似文献   

Rice rhizodeposition and its utilization by microbial groups depends on N fertilization     

Tida?Ge  Baozhen?Li  Zhenke?Zhu  Yajun?Hu  Hongzhao?Yuan  Maxim?Dorodnikov  Davey?L.?Jones  Jinshui?WuEmail author  Yakov?Kuzyakov 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2017,53(1):37-48

Rhizodeposits have received considerable attention, as they play an important role in the regulation of soil carbon (C) sequestration and global C cycling and represent an important C and energy source for soil microorganisms. However, the utilization of rhizodeposits by microbial groups, their role in the turnover of soil organic matter (SOM) pools in rice paddies, and the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization on rhizodeposition are nearly unknown. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were grown in soil at five N fertilization rates (0, 10, 20, 40, or 60 mg N kg^?1 soil) and continuously labeled in a ¹³CO₂ atmosphere for 18 days during tillering. The utilization of root-derived C by microbial groups was assessed by ¹³C incorporation into phospholipid fatty acids. Rice shoot and root biomass strongly increased with N fertilization. Rhizodeposition increased with N fertilization, whereas the total ¹³C incorporation into microorganisms, as indicated by the percentage of ¹³C recovered in microbial biomass, decreased. The contribution of root-derived ¹³C to SOM formation increased with root biomass. The ratio of ¹³C in soil pools (SOM and microbial biomass) to ¹³C in roots decreased with N fertilization showing less incorporation and faster turnover with N. The ¹³C incorporation into fungi (18:2ω6,9c and 18:1ω9c), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (16:1ω5c), and actinomycetes (10Me 16:0 and 10Me 18:0) increased with N fertilization, whereas the ¹³C incorporation into gram-positive (i14:0, i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, i17:0, and a17:0) and gram-negative (16:1ω7c, 18:1ω7c, cy17:0, and cy19:0) bacteria decreased with N fertilization. Thus, the uptake and microbial processing of root-derived C was affected by N availability in soil. Compared with the unfertilized soil, the contribution of rhizodeposits to SOM and microorganisms increased at low to intermediate N fertilization rates but decreased at the maximum N input. We conclude that belowground C allocation and rhizodeposition by rice, microbial utilization of rhizodeposited C, and its stabilization within SOM pools are strongly affected by N availability: N fertilization adequate to the plant demand increases C incorporation in all these polls, but excessive N fertilization has negative effects not only on environmental pollution but also on C sequestration in soil.  相似文献   

Comparison of lidocaine and lidocaine–epinephrine for the paravertebral brachial plexus block in dogs     

Amélie Choquette  Jérôme R.E. del Castillo  Maxim Moreau  Martin Guillot  Kate Alexander  Jean-Jacques Kona-Boun  Dominique Gauvin  Eric Troncy 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):317-328

Objective

To compare the motor and sensory block efficacy and duration of a modified paravertebral brachial plexus block (PBPB) after administration of lidocaine alone (LI) or combined with epinephrine (LE).

Study design

Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study.

Animals

A total of eight healthy female Beagle dogs.

Methods

Under general anesthesia, modified PBPB was performed on the left thoracic limb using neurostimulation and/or ultrasound guidance to administer lidocaine (2 mg kg^–1; 0.2 mL kg^–1) either alone (treatment LI, n = 10) or with epinephrine (1:100,000; treatment LE, n = 9). Sensory block was evaluated through reaction to a painful mechanical stimulus applied at five sites on the limb. Motor block effect was evaluated according to visual gait assessments and thoracic limb vertical force measurements under dynamic and static conditions. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures generalized estimating equations. All statistical tests were performed two-sided at the α = 0.05 significance threshold.

Results

The duration of sensory block did not differ significantly between treatments. Visible gait impairment was more persistent in LE than in LI (118 ± 63 minutes for LI and 163 ± 23 minutes for LE; mean ± standard deviation) (p = 0.027). At nadir value, dynamic peak vertical force was lower in LE than in LI (p = 0.007). For both dynamic and static evaluations, the nadir and the return to baseline force were delayed in LE (return to normal at 180–200 minutes) when compared with LI (130–140 minutes) (p < 0.005).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The addition of epinephrine to lidocaine prolonged the duration and increased the intensity of the regional block, as verified by visual gait assessment and kinetic analysis. No significant difference was noted between treatments regarding sensory blockade. Kinetic analysis could be useful to evaluate regional anesthetic effect in dogs.  相似文献   

Effects of oral administration of meloxicam,carprofen, and a nutraceutical on thyroid function in dogs with osteoarthritis          下载免费PDF全文

Sauvé F  Paradis M  Refsal KR  Moreau M  Beauchamp G  Dupuis J 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(6):474-479

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of meloxicam; carprofen; and a slow-acting disease modifying osteoarthritis agent, that contains chondroitin sulfate, purified glucosamine, and manganese ascorbate (CS-G-M), on thyroid function in dogs. Forty-six healthy (except for osteoarthritis) euthyroid dogs were blindly assigned to 3 treatment groups: meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M. Each group received the recommended dose of the drug for 60 days. Sixteen other osteoarthritic euthyroid dogs, which received a placebo, were used as a control group to validate the study. For all groups, blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, and 60 to evaluate the serum total and free thyroxine, and endogenous thyrotropin concentrations. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups at each time or within each group over a 60-day period for all parameters. Moreover, none of these values were within the hypothyroid range. Based on the results of this study, the administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M did not affect canine thyroid function evaluation.  相似文献   

Osteophytosis, subchondral bone sclerosis, joint effusion and soft tissue thickening in canine experimental stifle osteoarthritis: comparison between 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging and computed radiography     

D'Anjou MA  Moreau M  Troncy E  Martel-Pelletier J  Abram F  Raynauld JP  Pelletier JP 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2008,37(2):166-177

Objective— To compare use of 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed radiography (CR) for morphologic and temporal evaluation of osteophytosis, subchondral sclerosis, joint effusion, and synovial thickening in experimentally induced canine stifle osteoarthritis (OA).
Study Design— Prospective study.
Animals— Dogs (n=8).
Methods— CR (mediolateral and caudocranial projections) and MRI (dorsal 3D T1-weighted gradient echo, sagittal 3D SPGR and T2-weighted fast spin echo with fat saturation) were performed at baseline (n=8) and at week 4 (n=5), week 8 (n=8), and week 26 (n=5) after cranial cruciate ligament transection. Osteophytosis, subchondral bone sclerosis, and joint effusion were scored on CR and MRI, and synovial thickening on MRI.
Results— MRI was more sensitive than CR for detection of osteophytosis and could better discriminate joint effusion from soft tissue thickening, although scores for these variables strongly correlated between modalities (ρ=0.94 [osteophytosis] and 0.80 [effusion]; P <.001). Scores for subchondral bone sclerosis also correlated (ρ=0.54, P <.004), although this variable may have been over interpreted on CR. Joint effusion and synovial thickening peaked at week 8, before partially regressing at week 26. Conversely, osteophytosis and sclerosis progressed semi-linearly over 26 weeks.
Conclusion— MRI is more sensitive than radiography in assessing onset and progression of osteophytosis in canine experimental stifle OA and provides enhanced discrimination between joint effusion and synovial thickening.
Clinical Relevance— MRI is as a more powerful imaging modality that should be increasingly used in animals to assess the joint related effects of disease-modifying OA drugs.  相似文献   

Use of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone for thyrotropin stimulation test in healthy, hypothyroid and euthyroid sick dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Daminet S  Fifle L  Paradis M  Duchateau L  Moreau M 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(12):1273-1279

Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) was evaluated for the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism, using TSH response tests. Phase I stimulation tests were performed in 6 healthy dogs weighing over 20 kg, using 50 and then 100 microg of freshly reconstituted rhTSH administered intravenously. In phase II, the same dogs were stimulated by using 100 microg of rhTSH frozen for 3 months at -20 degrees C. Phase III stimulation tests were performed by using 50 or 100 microg of freshly reconstituted or frozen rhTSH in healthy (n = 14), euthyroid sick (n = 11) and hypothyroid dogs (n = 9). A dose of 100 microg of rhTSH was judged more appropriate for dogs weighing more than 20 kg. Biological activity of rhTSH after freezing at -20 degrees C for up to 12 weeks was maintained. When stimulated, significant (P < 0.05) increases in total thyroxine concentration were observed only in healthy and euthyroid sick dogs. Results of this study show that the rhTSH stimulation test is able to differentiate euthyroidism from hypothyroidism in dogs.  相似文献   

Hemodynamic effects of an intravenous infusion of medetomidine at six different dose regimens in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs     

Kaartinen J  Pang D  Moreau M  Vainio O  Beaudry F  Del Castillo J  Lamont L  Cuvelliez S  Troncy E 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2010,11(1):E1-E16

This study investigated the dose dependency of the hemodynamic effects of IV medetomidine (MED) constant-rate infusion (CRI) during isoflurane anesthesia. Twenty-four healthy beagles randomly received one of six MED CRI regimens. A loading dose of MED was administered IV at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0, or 12.0 ug/kg-1 for 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance CRI providing identical dose amounts over 60 minutes. Heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded, blood gases were analyzed, and cardiac index (CI) was determined. Statistical analysis involved a repeated measures linear model. Baseline CI demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease as the MED dose increased, with decreases of 14.9% (SD, 12.7%), 21.7% (17.9%), 27.1% (13.2%), 44.2% (9.7%), 47.9% (8.1%), and 61.2% (14.1%) at doses of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.7, 4.0, and 12.0 ug/kg-1, respectively. The four lowest doses induced limited and transient changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and CI. Further investigation into potential perioperative uses of MED CRI is warranted.  相似文献