Phthalimide‐derived strigolactone mimics as germinating agents for seeds of parasitic weeds          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio Cala  Kala Ghooray  Mónica Fernández‐Aparicio  José MG Molinillo  Juan CG Galindo  Diego Rubiales  Francisco A Macías 《Pest management science》2016,72(11):2069-2081

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Influence of Acute Exercise on Serum Homocysteine in Horse     

Francesco Fazio  Giuseppe PiccioneStefania Casella  PhD student  PhD  Anna AssenzaVanessa Messina  PhD student  PhD  Giovanni Caola  Full Professor 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

The effect of acute exercise on serum homocysteine (sHCy) concentration was examined in 10 horses; five Sella Italiana and five Thoroughbreds. All horses underwent standard training before the study (show jumping for Sella Italiana horses and gallop racing for Thoroughbreds). For the study, blood samples were taken at rest, immediately after exercise, and during a recovery period (30 and 60 minutes after exercise) by external jugular venipuncture. sHCy values were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Heart rate and blood lactate were monitored to quantify the workloads. In show jumpers, there was a significant effect of sampling time on sHCy (P < .01), which increased significantly after exercise as compared with at rest. In Thoroughbreds, no statistically significant differences were observed in sHCy over time (F_(3,12) = 0.89, P = .05). The baseline values of sHcy were higher in Thoroughbreds than in show jumpers (P < .0002). We infer that physical activity causes biochemical changes that can influence the metabolic pathway of homocysteine in show jumpers, whereas the absence of a significant effect of exercise in Thoroughbreds may reflect an adaptive response of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system.  相似文献   

Environmental factors on virulence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aeromonas hydrophila</Emphasis>     

Ruan E. F. Abreu  Thaís C Magalhães  Renilde C Souza  Samira TL Oliveira  Adriana MG Ibelli  Fábio N Demarqui  João JS Gouveia  Mateus M Costa  Gisele V Gouveia 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(2):495-507

Aeromonas hydrophila are known for being opportunistic pathogens, harboring various virulence factors and triggering lesions and death in fish. The disease caused by bacteria can make fish inappropriate for human consumption, besides representing a risk to public health. The pathogenesis can be influenced by environmental variables, affecting fish productivity and mortality. The present study aimed to determine whether A. hydrophila harbor the virulence genes aerolysin, hydrolipase, elastase, lipase, cytotonic enterotoxin (ast), lateral flagellum (laf), and polar flagellum (fla) and to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on in vitro growth, in vivo virulence and expression of some of these genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based screening for the presence of these virulence genes was performed on 35 isolates. Six isolates containing different profiles of virulence genes were tested for in vitro growth under different conditions of pH, temperature, and ammonia and for in vivo virulence under these same environmental conditions. RT-qPCR was used to quantify the expression of aerolysin, lipase, and fla genes. All the tested environmental factors influenced the growth of A. hydrophila, while pH and ammonia concentrations influenced the bacterial virulence. The expression of the fla gene increased when bacteria were grown in higher ammonia concentration. The mortality established by Aeromonas is influenced by several environmental factors pinpointing the importance of its control in fish farming to avoid higher economic loses associated to bacterial disease outbreaks.  相似文献   

Influence of lipophilicity in O‐acyl and O‐alkyl derivatives of juglone and lawsone: a structure–activity relationship study in the search for natural herbicide models          下载免费PDF全文

Alexandra G Durán  Nuria Chinchilla  José MG Molinillo  Francisco A Macías 《Pest management science》2018,74(3):682-694

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Binding targets of termiticidal lectins from the bark and leaf of Myracrodruon urundeuva in the gut of Nasutitermes corniger workers          下载免费PDF全文

Thâmarah A Lima  Leonardo P Dornelles  Ana Patrícia S Oliveira  Caio CS Guedes  Sueden O Souza  Roberto A Sá  Russolina B Zingali  Thiago H Napoleão  Patrícia MG Paiva 《Pest management science》2018,74(7):1593-1599

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Formulation of a new sustainable feed from food industry discards for rearing the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus     

Laura Ciriminna  Geraldina Signa  Antonino Maurizio Vaccaro  Concetta Maria Messina  Antonio Mazzola  Salvatrice Vizzini 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(4):1046-1057

The lack of suitable feeds for echinoculture has led to use natural resources already widely exploited by human activities. To move towards a higher sustainability of echinoculture, this study proposes a sustainable feed for Paracentrotus lividus. Two experimental formulations were obtained using discarded endive (Cichorium endivia) leaves and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) industry discards in different proportions, and agar as a binder. The evaluation of the feed stability showed that the feed was stable for 72 hr, allowing a suitable feeding for sea urchins. Both formulations showed a proper nutritional value and fatty acid profile, corresponding to the features of the main ingredients and resulting suitable for echinoculture. A bioenergetic trial was carried out to measure daily ingestion rate, absorption efficiency and gonado‐somatic index in sea urchins. They resulted also palatable and well absorbed by sea urchins, especially that one with higher fish content. At the end of the experiment, an increase in gonado‐somatic index was also recorded. Despite further analysis is needed to assess the performance of the feed in terms of gonad yield and quality, these encouraging results indicate that food industry discards may be suitable alternative ingredients for the production of sustainable feeds for sea urchin aquaculture.  相似文献   

Effect of Temperature on Growth and Survival in Juvenile Opossum Pipefish,Microphis brachyurus: First Observations on the Species in Culture Conditions     

Leonardo Martinez‐Cardenas  Maria T. Sumaya‐Martínez  Edna F. Valdez‐Hernández  Alfonso A. González‐Díaz  Miriam Soria‐Barreto  María R. Castañeda‐Chavez  Javier M. Ruiz‐Velazco  Emilio Peña‐Messina 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(5):735-742

In Mexico, natural populations of the opossum pipefish, Microphys brachyurus, are under pressure by anthropogenic alteration of their habitat and unregulated fishing as this species is traded as an aquarium fish, where its survival is low due to inadequate culture practices. The development of culturing techniques has been a successful strategy to protect many exploited species through providing an alternative source to wild exploitation. The aim of this study was to examine the effect on growth, condition, and survival of pipefish cultured for 6 wk at temperatures of 26, 28, and 30 C. Pipefish were fed enriched Artemia nauplii maintaining a ration rate of 14% body weight per day (dry weight Artemia : wet weight fish). The pipefish cultured at 26 and 28 C were longer, heavier, grew faster, and presented better condition than those at 30 C. The survival of pipefish cultured at 26 C was greater (83%) than at 30 C (30%) but not different than at 28 C (50%). This study is the first to report the acceptance of Artemia nauplii by juveniles of the species and that a temperature of 30 C is not suitable for juvenile M. brachyurus culture.  相似文献   

Modelling foot‐and‐mouth disease transmission in a wild pig–domestic cattle ecosystem          下载免费PDF全文

MP Ward  MG Garner  BD Cowled 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(1-2):4-12

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Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in skeletal muscle and blood of ewes from a sheep farm in New Zealand     

SL Smith  DM West  PR Wilson  GW de Lisle  MG Collett  C Heuer 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):240-243

Abstract

AIM: To determine whether viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is present in skeletal muscle and blood in ewes with and without Johne's disease confirmed histologically.

METHODS: A total of 51 mixed-aged ewes in poor body condition from a farm with a history of clinical Johne's disease were culled and examined at necropsy. BACTEC radiometric culture was performed on samples of skeletal muscle from the biceps femoris, mononuclear cells in peripheral blood (hereafter referred to as blood), and ileum. Histological sections and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-stained impression smears of terminal ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes were examined. Ewes were defined as having confirmed Johne's disease if there was histopathological evidence typical of the disease within the ileum and adjacent lymph nodes.

RESULTS: Eighteen of 21 (86%) ewes with confirmed clinical Johne's disease were culture-positive for Map from sites peripheral to the alimentary tract, comprising 15 from skeletal muscle and 13 from blood. Five of 30 (17%) ewes that did not have Johne's disease were culture-positive, with four from skeletal muscle and one from blood. The likelihood that ewes with confirmed Johne's disease had systemic Map infection compared with ewes without was determined as OR=30 (95% CI=6.3–142.0; p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Map infection of skeletal muscle and blood in ewes with confirmed Johne's disease was 71% and 62% respectively, and in unaffected ewes was 13% for muscle and 3% for blood.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Skeletal muscle and blood are potential sources of exposure of humans to Map, and the risk appears higher from sheep with Johne's disease.  相似文献   

Lymphoedema — a problem of gigantic proportions     

MG Collett  JC Collett 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

Extract

Lymphoedema (LO) is the accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid caused by failure of normal lymphatic drainage. Human lymphoedema is classified as primary (congenital hereditary or idiopathic, praecox or tarda forms) or secondary (complication of surgery or radiotherapy, such as that for breast cancer, as well as bancroftian filariasis, cellulitis and lymphangitis amongst others). Primary LO may be due to lymphatic aplasia, hypoplasia, dyspla-sia, lymphangiectasia, or aplasia or hypoplasia of draining lymph nodes. Approximately one in thirty people worldwide has LO.  相似文献