Brown root rot of trees caused by Phellinus noxius in the Ryukyu Islands,subtropical areas of Japan     

N. Sahashi  M. Akiba  M. Ishihara  Y. Ota  N. Kanzaki 《Forest Pathology》2012,42(5):353-361

The fungus Phellinus noxius has a broad host range and causes brown root rot in a variety of tree species of various ages, irrespective of their original health. The fungus is widely distributed in tropical countries of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and Australia, Central America and Caribbean, and Africa. Since 1988, when brown root rot was first found on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, the disease has been reported on several islands in Okinawa and Kagoshima Prefectures, and it has been causing serious problems to shade, windbreak, ornamental and landscape trees in the Ryukyu Islands, located in the subtropical region of southern Japan. Here, we report on the current status of P. noxius‐caused brown root rot in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, including symptoms, occurrence, dispersal, distribution and host tree species of the disease, pathogenicity and/or virulence of the pathogen, and disease management based on our surveys and previously published reports from Japan. Brown root rot has been confirmed in 53 tree species from 32 plant families at different sites on 10 of the 12 islands surveyed. Among the 53 tree species, 34 were first recorded in Japan as host plants of P. noxius. The disease occurs mainly in shade, ornamental and windbreak trees at sightseeing places, parks, roadsides, agricultural land such as sugar cane fields, and around residences or other places associated with human activities.  相似文献   

Short-term aseptic loosening of the femoral component in canine total hip replacement: effects of cementing technique on cement mantle grade   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Ota J  Cook JL  Lewis DD  Tomlinson JL  Fox DB  Cook CR  Schultz LG  Brumitt J 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2005,34(4):345-352

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of different cementing techniques on radiographic cement mantle grade and short-term aseptic loosening of the femoral component in canine total hip replacement (THR). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Radiographs of 284 dogs that had THR. METHODS: Immediate postoperative radiographs of 284 dogs that had cemented THR were reviewed by 4 surgeons and 1 radiologist and assigned a cement mantle grade using a 4-grade classification system. Dog age and weight at surgery, cementing technique (1st, 2nd, 3rd generation), complications (type and timing), and follow-up time were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: Mean cement mantle score for 2nd generation technique was significantly higher than 3rd generation technique and both were significantly higher than 1st generation technique (P<.001). Aseptic loosening was the 2nd most common complication observed with an incidence of 2.1%. Mean time from surgery to last follow-up examination was 122 days. No statistically significant difference in incidence of aseptic loosening was identified among different cement mantle grades or cementing techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced cementing techniques resulted in better cement mantles based on grading of immediate postoperative radiographs, however grading did not predict short-term aseptic loosening. Cementing technique seemingly did not affect the incidence of short-term aseptic loosening of the femoral component for dogs in this study. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study suggests that advances in cementing technique may result in improvements in the radiographic grade of cement mantles. With respect to aseptic loosening of the femoral component, our data only suggest that short-term (3 months-3 years) loosening cannot be predicted by immediate postoperative radiographic evaluation of cement mantle.  相似文献   

Assessment of decay risk of airborne wood-decay fungi     

Ikuo Momohara  Yuko Ota  Takeshi Nishimura 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(3):250-255

The decay risk of airborne wood-decay fungi was investigated by using an air sampler. Japanese cedar disks 7.8 cm in diameter and about 3 mm in thickness with moisture content of about 100% were placed in a “BIOSAMP” air sampler and exposed to 1000 l air. Air sampling was carried out from June to September at the same sampling site in Tsukuba, Japan. The exposed disks were then incubated for 16 weeks in a damp container kept at 26° ± 2°C. During the incubation period, wood mass loss ranged from −15 to 807 mg with a mean mass loss of 244 mg. Factors affecting mass loss were explored. Wood moisture content and ratio of heartwood area proved to be significant factors. In addition, six weather factors were found to influence mass loss. Disks that were sampled on a cloudy day showed significantly higher mean mass loss compared to those sampled on a sunny day. Subculturing of filamentous fungi from 16-week incubated disks suggested one-third of the isolated fungi produced ligninolytic enzymes.  相似文献   

Field trial of salad oil application for the induction of male flower browning ofCryptomeria japonica     

Kaihei Koshio  Hisamitsu Takahashi  Yasuo Ota 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(2):77-80

A field trial of salad oil application for the induction of male flower browning ofCryptomeria japonica was conducted. The browning effect of salad oil applied from a helicopter was found to vary from clone to clone depending on the earliness of male flower development. When applied at the flower initiation stage, salad oil turned male flowers to a brown color; when applied later, the browning effect of salad oil was not clear. The effectiveness of the application depended on how close to the time of flower initiation it occurred. The harmful changes caused by salad oil solution were only observed on the leaves of Japanese plume-grass (Miscanthus sinensis), and no other effects on other plants were observed. Todd Davies for his warm hearted advice on English composition.  相似文献   

云纹石斑鱼(E. moara)(♀)×七带石斑鱼(E. septemfasciatus)(♂)杂交F1生长特征与其亲本子代的比较          下载免费PDF全文

李炎璐  陈超  王清印  吴雷明  宋振鑫  林利民  翟介明  奥谷亮  大田智 《渔业科学进展》2015,36(3):42-49

为获得在工厂化养殖条件下的生长特性和规律,分别对10-14月龄的云纹石斑鱼、七带石斑鱼及其杂交F1 3个群体的体长、体重、生长指标、肥满度、超亲优势率等主要生长参数进行测定、比较和分析,并对3个群体的生长模型进行方程拟合。结果显示,在体长和体长生长指标方面,依次为杂交F1>云纹石斑鱼>七带石斑鱼;10-11、13月龄时,累积体重值依次为杂交F1>七带石斑鱼>云纹石斑鱼,体重和体重生长指标方面,增重依次为云纹石斑鱼>七带石斑鱼>杂交F1;七带石斑鱼的肥满度始终最高,杂交F1次之。研究表明,杂交F1体长生长速度最快,且在11月龄前的体重生长速度最快;云纹石斑鱼在11月龄后体重增长速度加快并超过其他两个群体;每月体长、体重生长值的超亲优势率分析显示,杂交F1在14个月的生长中表现出杂种优势。云纹石斑鱼为等速生长类型,七带石斑鱼与杂交F1同属于异速生长类型。  相似文献   

Are fishers poor? Getting to the bottom of marine fisheries income statistics     

Lydia C. L. Teh  Yoshitaka Ota  Andrs M. Cisneros‐Montemayor  Lucy Harrington  Wilf Swartz 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(3):471-482

Fishers’ economic status is hard to assess because fisheries socio‐economic data, including earnings, are often not centrally available, standardized or accessible in a form that allows scaled‐up or comparative analyses. The lack of fishing income data impedes sound management and allows biased perceptions about fishers’ status to persist. We compile data from intergovernmental and regional data sets, as well as case‐studies, on income earned from marine wild‐capture fisheries. We explore the level and distribution of fishers’ income across fisheries sectors and geographical regions, and highlight challenges in data collection and reporting. We find that fishers generally are not the poorest of the poor based on average fishing income from 89 countries, but income levels vary widely. Fishing income in the large‐scale sector is higher than the small‐scale sector by about 2.2 times, and in high‐income versus low‐income countries by almost 9 times. Boat owners and captains earned more than double that of crew and owner‐operators, while income from fisheries is greater than that from agricultural work in 63% of countries in this study. Nonetheless, incomes are below national poverty lines in 34% of the countries with data. More detailed fishing income statistics is needed for quantitative scientific research and for supporting socio‐economic policies. Key gaps to address include the lack of a centralized database for fisheries income statistics and the coarse resolution at which economic statistics are reported internationally. A first step to close the gap is to integrate socio‐economic monitoring and reporting in fisheries management.  相似文献   

Spatial analysis of genetic diversity in a comprehensive collection of the native grass Bromus auleticus Trinius (ex Nees) in Uruguay          下载免费PDF全文

F. Condón  M. Jaurena  R. Reyno  C. Otaño  F. A. Lattanzi 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):723-733

Bromus auleticus Trinius (ex Nees) is a perennial allogamous C3 grass native to the Campos grasslands. It has potential to play a key role in restoration of both abandoned agricultural and overgrazed lands. We aim to reveal the existence of local adaptation and to assess whether phenotypes could be differentiated in relation to their ecogeographic region of origin. Previous reports estimated significant levels of variability among and within populations, but as yet there is no evidence of local adaptation and phenotypic relations with ecogeographic regions for this species. Indeed, there is a lack of knowledge about the spatial distribution of diversity, which limits the possibilities of using B. auleticus in ecological restoration and plant breeding. A comprehensive collection of 82 accessions of B. auleticus from eight ecogeographic regions within Uruguay was used to characterize diversity by measuring phenologic, morphologic, productive and reproductive traits. We found high diversity among B. auleticus accessions, and the spatial distribution of this diversity follows a pattern accounted by ecogeographic regions to a large extent. Our results also indicate large genotype × environment interaction, confirming local adaptation. Phenotypic values permitted, with a 3.7% error rate, discrimination of accessions according to their ecogeographic region of origin, suggesting the existence of differentiated ecotypes. We consider that the diversity observed should be conserved and used for breeding cultivars of this species and for the restoration of degraded grasslands by considering ecogeographic regions when selecting seed sources.  相似文献   

Potassium Jarosite for fertilizer     

Michio Ota 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):139-141

Japan has scarcely any potassic resource in her country. Therefore, the shortage was severe in the second world war. In this time I had investigated the fertilizer utilization of many potassic minerals, such as liparite, alunite, glauconite and vermiculite in this country. The potassium jarosite was discovered for the first time at Gumma limonite mine by Katayama and Saito in 1947n. Since then, the many deposites were found out at such places as Suwa Mine in Nagano prefecture, Mitsui-Aso Mine in Kumamoto prefecture and several mines in the Hokkaido district.  相似文献   

A new quantitative method for rabies virus by detection of nucleoprotein in virion using ELISA.     

S Katayama  M Yamanaka  S Ota  Y Shimizu 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1999,61(4):411-416

We have developed a new quantitative method for rabies virus (RV) detection using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The method named N-ELISA was based on the quantitation of nucleoprotein (N) in RV virions captured by RV-specific polyclonal antibodies on an ELISA plate. Both infective and defective interfering (DI) particles of RV could be detected by this method. When viruses were propagated in a medium of pH 7.4 adjusted with 7% NaHCO3, N-ELISA could detect them with titers of more than 10(6) pfu/ml, though the result did not correlate highly with that of the infectivity assay. The reason for this was considered to be that RVs included spikeless and damaged particles which were produced under conditions of low or high pH. However, in the time course of virus yield, titers of N-ELISA correlated well with those of the infectivity assay.  相似文献   

Development of green onion and cabbage certified reference materials for quantification of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides     

Otake T  Yarita T  Aoyagi Y  Kuroda Y  Numata M  Iwata H  Mizukoshi K  Nakamura M  Watai M  Mitsuda H  Fujikawa T  Ota H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(16):8568-8574

Green onion and cabbage certified reference materials for the analysis of pesticide residues were issued by the National Metrology Institute of Japan, part of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Green onion and cabbage samples were grown so as to contain several kinds of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides, and those were collected from a field in the Kochi Prefecture in Japan. The certification was carried out by using multiple analytical methods to ensure the reliability of analytical results; the values of target pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, cypermethrin, etofenprox, and permethrin for green onion and chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, and permethrin for cabbage) were obtained by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Certified values of target pesticides were 0.96-13.9 and 2.41-6.9 mg/kg for green onion and cabbage, respectively. These are the first green onion and cabbage powder certified reference materials in which organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides are determined.  相似文献