Effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth and blood and serum variables, and on nutrient digestibility and gene expression of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes in dairy calves     

Lohakare JD  van de Sand H  Gerlach K  Hosseini A  Mielenz M  Sauerwein H  Pries M  Südekum KH 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(1):25-36

This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in the liver of dairy calves. The study utilized 36 German Holstein dairy calves (5-7 days of age) divided into two groups of 18 calves each for 150 days. Control group calves received 2 kg/(calf × day) of concentrate, whereas calves in the restricted group received only 1 kg/(calf × day). Good quality forage (mixture of maize and grass silages) was available for ad libitum consumption to both groups. The intake of milk replacer before weaning, and of concentrate were recorded daily per calf; however, the consumption of forages was quantified as daily average of the group. Body weights (BW) were recorded at start and on days 35, 70, 112 and 150. Blood and serum samples and spot urinary and faecal samples were also collected at similar time points. On days 70 and 150, liver biopsies were collected from seven animals in each group. The BW was not different between the groups at all times. Total BW gain in the control group was 124 kg as opposed to 111 kg in restricted group that led to average BW gain of 827 g/day and 739 g/day in respective groups, and the differences were significant (p = 0.018). As planned, the control group had higher concentrate and lower forage intake than the restricted group. The blood haemoglobin, haematocrit and serum variables (glucose, total protein, albumin and urea) were within the normal range in both groups, but serum glucose was higher (p < 0.05) in control than in restricted group at 70 days. There was no difference between groups in organic matter (OM) digestibility which declined (p < 0.001) with increasing age in both groups. Microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis estimated from urinary allantoin excretion increased (p < 0.001) in both groups with increasing age but was not different between groups. The mRNA expressions for the gluconeogenic enzymes, cytosolic and mitochondrial phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) measured by quantitative real-time PCR in liver biopsies showed no differences between groups. Overall, restricting concentrate moderately reduced the growth intensity without affecting the normal serum and blood indices, and MCP synthesis and OM digestibility showed no differences between groups, indicating that both concentrate feeding schemes can be successfully applied.  相似文献   

Echinococcosis/hydatidosis in western Iran     

Dalimi A  Motamedi G  Hosseini M  Mohammadian B  Malaki H  Ghamari Z  Ghaffari Far F 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,105(2):161-171

In the present study, 115 stray dogs (56 males and 59 females, mixed breed), 86 golden jackal (Canis aureus, 42 males and 44 females), 60 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes, 33 males and 27 females), and three female wolves (Canis lupus) were examined for Echinococcus granulosus infection, as well as, 32,898 sheep, 10,691 goats, 15,779 cattle and 659 buffaloes for hydatid infection from five provinces in western Iran during 3 years (1997-2000). Meanwhile fertility rates of different types and forms of cysts isolated from infected animals and the viability of protoscolices were also determined. Results indicated that 19.1% of the dogs, 2.3% of the golden jackals and 5% of the red foxes were infected with Echinococcus granulosus. 11.1% of the sheep, 6.3% of the goats, 16.4% of the cattle and 12.4% of the buffaloes were also found to be infected with hydatid cyst. The cysts isolated from liver and lungs of the sheep show higher fertility rate than the cysts of liver and lungs of goats, cattle and buffaloes.  相似文献   

Vitamin D Deficiency Impairs Spatial Learning in Adult Rats     

Mohsen Taghizadeh  Sayyed Alireza Talaei  Mahmoud Salami 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(1):42-48

Background: Through its membrane and intracellular receptors, vitamin D regulates many vital functions in the body including its well known actions on musculoskeletal system. Growing body of evidences demonstrate that vitamin D undergoes some of behavioral aspects of neurocognition. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of food regimens without vitamin D or with a supplement of 1,25(OH)₂D3 on spatial performance of adult rats. Methods: The animals were trained in the Morris water maze to find a hidden platform. The time spent and the distance traveled to find the platform, speed of navigation and the percentage of unsuccessful trials were considered for assessment of the task learning. Results: Our findings indicated that the vitamin D-deprived rats had a significant lower performance compared to both the controls and the animals receiving 1,25(OH)₂D3 supplementation. Concerning the unsuccessful trials, lack of vitamin D resulted in the highest failures in the maze navigation. The regimen with additional 1,25(OH)₂D3 did not considerably influence learning of the maze task. Conclusion: We concluded that while vitamin D deficiency deteriorates the spatial task learning, the 1,25(OH)₂D3 supplementation did not effectively underlie the maze performance. Key Words: Vitamin D, Maze learning, Dietary supplements  相似文献   

Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Alternative for Schwann Cells in Rat Spinal Cord Injury     

Arash Zaminy  Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar  Yousef Sadeghi  Mohsen Noroozian  Mohammad Hassan Heidari  Abbas Piryaei 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2013,17(3):113-122

Background: Spinal cord has a limited capacity to repair; therefore, medical interventions are necessary for treatment of injuries. Transplantation of Schwann cells has shown a great promising result for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, harvesting Schwann cell has been limited due to donor morbidity and limited expansion capacity. Furthermore, accessible sources such as bone marrow stem cells have drawn attentions to themselves. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of bone marrow-derived Schwann cell on functional recovery in adult rats after injury. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured from adult rats’ bone marrow and induced into Schwann cells in vitro. Differentiation was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Next, Schwann cells were seeded into collagen scaffolds and engrafted in 3 mm lateral hemisection defects. For 8 weeks, motor and sensory improvements were assessed by open field locomotor scale, narrow beam, and tail flick tests. Afterwards, lesioned spinal cord was evaluated by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Results: In vitro observations showed that differentiated cells had Schwann cell morphology and markers. In this study, we had four groups (n = 10 each): laminectomy, control, scaffold and scaffold + Schwann cells. Locomotor and sensory scores of cell grafted group were significantly better than control and scaffold groups. In histology, axonal regeneration and remyelination were better than control and scaffold groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that bone marrow-derived Schwann cells can be considered as a cell source for Schwann cells in SCI treatment. Key Words: Rats, Spinal cord injuries (SCI), Bone marrow, Schwann cells, Cell transdifferentiation  相似文献   

A novel method for manufacturing nanofibers     

A. Valipouri  S. A. Hosseini Ravandi  A. R. Pishevar 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(6):941-949

This study presents a method for the fabrication of ultrafine polymeric nanobers utilizing centrifugal and electrostatic forces simultaneously. To reduce the diameter and variability of nanofibers produced from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), a unique electro-centrifuge spinning device was designed using rotating nozzle and collector, whereas the fabrication process (spinning head) was skillfully sealed from ambient airflow. The polymer solution was continuously delivered by a rotating nozzle and the nanofibers were collected by a rotating cylindrical collector at the same rotational speed as the nozzle. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) results demonstrated that this method has a significant effect on the quality and fineness of nanofibers. The diameters of nanobers were controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of spinning head. The effect of the rotation speed on the morphology of the nanofibers fabricated by this device was also evaluated. In order to provide a useful context for the current nanofiber production method, nanofibers obtained in this method were compared with those produced by other methods. The results show that air-sealedcentrifuge-electrospinning system (ASCES) is a facile method for the fabrication nanobers with smaller diameters and high uniform structures.  相似文献   

Microstructure of heat-treated PAN nanofibers     

M. Sadrjahani  S. A. Hosseini Ravandi 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(8):1276-1282

A simple and modified electrospinning technique was utilized to prepare aligned and heat treated Polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by using a rotating drum fixed on top of syringe needles and applying upward hot air flow which can facilitate to heat nanofibers in electrospinning zone. Polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were electrospun from its 14 wt% solution in dimethylformamide under practical conditions. Angular power spectrum analysis showed better fiber alignment with increasing take up speed, although SEM studies demonstrated wider diameters of nanofibers being produced by modified method. The glass transition temperature of all prepared samples were determined between 70 °C and 90 °C using DSC technique. The Quantitative analysis of WAXD patterns has revealed the positive effect of modified method on the degree of crystallization of nanofibers heat treated at higher take up speed. The maximum chain orientation factor of 0.27 was determined for nanofibers collected at linear velocity of 114.5 m/min in the modified set up using Raman Spectroscopy technique.  相似文献   

Investigation of salinity impacts on germination and growth of two forest tree species at seedling stage     

Seyed Mohammad Hosseini Nasr  Sekineh Kiani Savadkoohi  Elahe Ahmadi 《林业研究》2013,24(4):703-708

Soil salinity is becoming an increasingly serious constraint to plant growth in many parts of the world;this is particularly common in semi-arid and arid zones. This study was conducted to evaluate the...  相似文献   

Assessment of irrigation practices at the tertiary canal level in an improved system—a case study of Wasat area, the Nile Delta     

A. Mohsen Aly  Y. Kitamura  K. Shimizu 《Paddy and Water Environment》2013,11(1-4):445-454

Egypt faces great challenges due to its limited water resources by enforcement policies to improve the performance of the existing delivery system and its development. The improvement of irrigation systems in the Nile Delta is one of the most important attempts in Egypt to implement more effective irrigation technologies. This study was carried out to evaluate improved tertiary canal level and farmers’ practices by comparing with other unimproved systems to understand the farmers’ practices in their farms after modifying the existing irrigation system. This study area applied to the Wasat command area’s most commonly used to the cultivation of a paddy field in Egypt, which contributes 40 % of production. The overall results indicate that the water-use application at the improved system level improved. This was due to the role of water user association in the successful management and operation of the water-supply system on the private level of water distribution network. So, water users’ association has the positive effect on managing of the improved tertiary canal. Although, there are main problems of water delivery in the irrigation networks that was a water shortage in the main canal owing to its location at the tail of the feeder canal system in the Nile Delta, and other reasons include the absence of crop production planning by farmers, especially rice farmers in summer, and the greater demand of some fields than supply.  相似文献   

Potassium fixation of some calcareous soils after short term extraction with different solutions     

Mahdi Najafi-Ghiri  Soodabeh Rezabigi  Sara Hosseini  Hamid Reza Boostani  Hamid Reza Owliaie 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(7):897-910

This investigation was done to determine the release of potassium (K) from five calcareous soils of southern Iran using 0.025 M CaCl₂, HCl and citric acid during six successive extractions and to study the K fixation capacity of the soils after K release experiment. Mineralogical study indicated that Vertisols and Mollisols were dominated with smectites; while other soils had illite, chlorite, palygorskite and smectite. Results indicated that citric acid extracted more K than CaCl₂ and HCl (137 vs. 111 and 113 mg kg^?1, respectively). The analysis of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and K concentrations in the solutions suggests that the exchange of K with soluble Ca and Mg (originated from dissolution of carbonates by acidic solutions) is the main mechanism of K release, but citrate is able to dissolve K-bearing minerals and release K in slightly calcareous soils. Soils with more illite released more K. Potassium fixation capacity of soils increased after extractions of soils with different extractants from 324 to 471 mg kg^?1, with no significant difference. It is suggested to apply more K fertilizers in K-depleted calcareous soils and use of different solutions for extracting K from soil minerals may be a temporary and short term solution.  相似文献   

Biofortification of onion bulb with selenium at different levels of sulfate     

Mohsen Mobini  Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(3):269-277

In this research experiment, two commercial onion cultivars (Allium cepa L., cvs. Dorrcheh and Cebolla Valenciana) were grown in sand culture and exposed to two levels of selenium (Se) (0 and 25?µM) and two levels of sulfate (1 and 3?mM). According to the results obtained, addition of 25?µM Se in combination with 3?mM sulfate was not only effective in significant increase of onion bulb yield, but it significantly increased Se concentration of bulb. By considering the average consumption of onion in central Iran, the daily intake of Se via consumption of Se-biofortified onion is estimated to be 68.4–77.2?µg in spring and summer and 72.6–117.1?µg in fall and winter. These amounts of daily intakes of Se is higher than the sufficient levels of Se recommended by world health organization (WHO) but less than the maximum tolerable level of Se (400?µg Se per day) for human.  相似文献