Release of emamectin from sediment: effects of oil,organic material or infauna?     

Eirin Sva Stomperudhaugen  Katherine Langford  Morten Schaanning  Ketil Hylland 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(8):1469-1478

Purpose

The aim of this study was to quantify the release of the hydrophobic contaminant emamectin (EMA) from marine sediments in response to inputs of organic material (OM) and/or oil, in the presence or absence of two different bioturbating species. Specifically, it was designed to test whether oil would decrease the release of EMA and whether OM and/or the presence of bioturbating macrofauna would increase the release of EMA from sediment.

Materials and methods

Experimental sediments were spiked with EMA (5 μg kg^?1 wet sediment). The different treatments were prepared by the addition of OM (310 g algae m^?2) and/or an aliphatic oil (29.6 g oil m^?2). In addition, two bioturbating species, Brissopsis lyrifera or Ennucula tenuis, were added in some aquaria, resulting in a total of 12 treatments with four replicates each. Water samples for analyses of silicate and EMA and sediment samples for analyses of total organic carbon (TOC) were taken at the start and end of the experimental exposure. In addition, oxygen was measured during the experimental period of 8 days. Fluxes were calculated and compared between treatments using generalised linear models (GLMs).

Results and discussion

The EMA release flux was significantly increased in treatments with added OM, possibly reflecting the presence of soluble complexes formed between EMA and dissolved OM. The presence of B. lyrifera caused a small, but statistically significant, increase in EMA release from sediment. This species would be expected to have a stronger effect on bioirrigation and particle mixing than E. tenuis, particularly when the population density of the latter species is low (as in the present experiment). There were no consistent effects of oil in this experiment, but the presence of oil decreased the EMA release flux when co-occurring with added OM and/or B. lyrifera. Increased retention of hydrophobic contaminants in the presence of oil is consistent with the existing literature on contaminant fate.

Conclusions

The results from this study highlight the need to consider both the infauna present in polluted areas and the level of organic enrichment of the sediment when modelling the environmental fate of hydrophobic contaminants. It also highlights that labile OM and refractory oil appear to differ in their effects on the remobilisation of hydrophobic organic contaminants, by reducing and increasing release, respectively.  相似文献   

Superconducting vortices in CeCoIn5: toward the Pauli-limiting field     

Bianchi AD  Kenzelmann M  Debeer-Schmitt L  White JS  Forgan EM  Mesot J  Zolliker M  Kohlbrecher J  Movshovich R  Bauer ED  Sarrao JL  Fisk Z  Petrovic C  Eskildsen MR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5860):177-180

  相似文献   

An Aboriginal Australian genome reveals separate human dispersals into Asia     

Rasmussen M  Guo X  Wang Y  Lohmueller KE  Rasmussen S  Albrechtsen A  Skotte L  Lindgreen S  Metspalu M  Jombart T  Kivisild T  Zhai W  Eriksson A  Manica A  Orlando L  De La Vega FM  Tridico S  Metspalu E  Nielsen K  Ávila-Arcos MC  Moreno-Mayar JV  Muller C  Dortch J  Gilbert MT  Lund O  Wesolowska A  Karmin M  Weinert LA  Wang B  Li J  Tai S  Xiao F  Hanihara T  van Driem G  Jha AR  Ricaut FX  de Knijff P  Migliano AB  Gallego Romero I  Kristiansen K  Lambert DM  Brunak S  Forster P  Brinkmann B  Nehlich O  Bunce M  Richards M  Gupta R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6052):94-98

We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.  相似文献   

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of CIMMYT’s 15th international Fusarium head blight screening nursery of wheat     

Mohamed Osman  Xinyao He  Ravi P. Singh  Etienne Duveiller  Morten Lillemo  Silvia A. Pereyra  Ingeborg Westerdijk-Hoks  Masatomo Kurushima  Sui-Kwong Yau  Stefano Benedettelli  Pawan K. Singh 《Euphytica》2015,205(2):521-537

  相似文献   

Screening of properties of modified chitosan-treated wood     

Erik Larn  y  Sebastian Dantz  Morten Eikenes  Holger Militz 《Wood material science & engineering》2006,1(2):59-68

Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin in crustacean shells. Over the past decade it has been studied as an environmentally benign wood-protecting agent. It is assumed to act as a fungi-stat against a wide range of fungi and even as a fungicide at higher concentrations. This study investigated the properties of wood treated with modified chitosan of different molecular weights. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) samples were impregnated with two chitosan solutions differing in their average molecular weights. The chitosan solutions were depolymerized by nitrous acid to one solution of high molecular weight and one solution of low molecular weight with a concentration of 5% (w/v). The results show changes in sorption properties, antifungal properties, fire-retardant properties and mechanical properties of modified chitosan-treated wood. Heat-modified, chitosan-treated wood showed similar properties to chitosan-treated wood, except for brownish coloration, enhanced hydrophobation, and slightly reduced antifungal and fire-retardant properties. The modulus of rupture and hardness showed little or no change. The modulus of elasticity of the heat-modified, chitosan-treated wood increased by 27% compared with untreated wood.  相似文献   

Release of dissolved trace metals and organic contaminants during deep water disposal of contaminated sediments from Oslo harbour,Norway     

Morten Thorne Schaanning  Christopher Harman  André Staalstrøm 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(8):1477-1489

Purpose  

The current study was conducted in order to assess the release of dissolved contaminants from sediment relocation works in Oslo harbour, Norway, whilst operations were being carried out, and to assess the potential for spreading into the wider fjord area.  相似文献   

Quality of sour cherry juice of different clones and cultivars (Prunus cerasus L.) determined by a combined sensory and NMR spectroscopic approach     

Clausen MR  Pedersen BH  Bertram HC  Kidmose U 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):12124-12130

  相似文献   

Serum chemistry reference values in free‐ranging North Atlantic male walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Svalbard archipelago     

Morten Tryland  Christian Lydersen  Kit M. Kovacs  Stein Istre Thoresen 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(4):501-506

Background: Information regarding health and disease is limited for walruses, a keystone species in arctic marine ecosystems. Serum chemistry analysis is a useful clinical tool for the health assessment of walruses, but only a few captive Pacific walruses have been evaluated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine serum chemistry reference values for free‐ranging male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) on Svalbard and to assess potential differences in animals with low and high tissue levels of organic pollutants. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 17 wild, adult, male Atlantic walruses chemically immobilized with etorphine at eastern Svalbard (Norway). Serum was obtained for routine biochemical analysis as well as nonesterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and cortisol tests. Serum protein concentration was also measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: Reference values (ranges) included alanine aminotransferase (12–51 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase (54–137 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (42–243 U/L), creatine kinase (32–506 U/L), lactate dehydrogenase (480–1322 U/L), amylase (0–23 U/L), lipase (68–298 U/L), total protein (68–91 g/L), albumin (25.3–34.8 g/L), creatinine (84–137 μmol/L), urea (8.2–19.9 mmol/L), bilirubin (0–4 μmol/L), cholesterol (4.4–7.3 mmol/L), NEFA (0.1–0.4 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.6–2.2 mmol/L), calcium (2.0–2.7 mmol/L), phosphorus (1.7–2.8 mmol/L), sodium (147–162 mmol/L), potassium (4.7–7.4 mmol/L), chloride (102–115 mmol/L), and cortisol (<28–214 nmol/L). Walruses exposed to high levels of organic pollutants (n=6) had significantly lower (P=.022) phosphorus concentration than those with low levels of pollutants (n=6). Conclusions: The clinical chemistry reference values determined in this study can serve as baseline data for future health‐related studies of walruses in a changing Arctic and may also be helpful for health evaluations of walruses in captivity. Impacts of the exposure of marine mammals to organic pollutants should be further investigated.  相似文献   

Periodic changes in the zooplankton of the North Sea during the twentieth century linked to oceanic inflow   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Philip C. Reid  Martin Edwards  Gregory Beaugrand  Morten Skogen  Darren Stevens 《Fisheries Oceanography》2003,12(4-5):260-269

  相似文献   

Patent protection in the field of animal breeding     

Morten Wall⊘e Tvedt 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):105-120

Abstract

There are a rapidly growing number of patent applications relevant for the animal-breeding sector. Patent law is general in form and is seldom adapted to single areas of innovation. It was initially created for the purpose of granting exclusive rights to technical inventions; and it was taken for granted that higher animals, food production and pharmaceuticals were too important for mankind to be included under exclusive private rights. When patent law now is becoming increasingly in use in the animal sector, it is an unanswered question how the law will apply to this particular field of innovation. There is legal uncertainty of how the courts will apply the general law to this particular field. Patent law has the potential to alter the existing legal conditions for competition and investments in the field of animal breeding, and needs therefore a higher level of awareness among policy makers, animal breeders and farmers.  相似文献