Contaminants in urban runoff to Norwegian fjords     

Morten Jartun  Arne Pettersen 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(2):155-161

Introduction  

Sediments from urban stormwater runoff have been collected and analyzed for the content of various contaminants in harbor areas of Harstad, Trondheim, Bergen, and Drammen, Norway.  相似文献   

Thank You,Torger!     

Morten Sivertsvik 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(9)

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An oxidative enzyme boosting the enzymatic conversion of recalcitrant polysaccharides     

Vaaje-Kolstad G  Westereng B  Horn SJ  Liu Z  Zhai H  Sørlie M  Eijsink VG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6001):219-222

Efficient enzymatic conversion of crystalline polysaccharides is crucial for an economically and environmentally sustainable bioeconomy but remains unfavorably inefficient. We describe an enzyme that acts on the surface of crystalline chitin, where it introduces chain breaks and generates oxidized chain ends, thus promoting further degradation by chitinases. This enzymatic activity was discovered and further characterized by using mass spectrometry and chromatographic separation methods to detect oxidized products generated in the absence or presence of H(2)(18)O or (18)O(2). There are strong indications that similar enzymes exist that work on cellulose. Our findings not only demonstrate the existence of a hitherto unknown enzyme activity but also provide new avenues toward more efficient enzymatic conversion of biomass.  相似文献   

Analysis of pregerminated barley using hyperspectral image analysis     

Arngren M  Hansen PW  Eriksen B  Larsen J  Larsen R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11385-11394

Pregermination is one of many serious degradations to barley when used for malting. A pregerminated barley kernel can under certain conditions not regerminate and is reduced to animal feed of lower quality. Identifying pregermination at an early stage is therefore essential in order to segregate the barley kernels into low or high quality. Current standard methods to quantify pregerminated barley include visual approaches, e.g. to identify the root sprout, or using an embryo staining method, which use a time-consuming procedure. We present an approach using a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging system in a mathematical modeling framework to identify pregerminated barley at an early stage of approximately 12 h of pregermination. Our model only assigns pregermination as the cause for a single kernel's lack of germination and is unable to identify dormancy, kernel damage etc. The analysis is based on more than 750 Rosalina barley kernels being pregerminated at 8 different durations between 0 and 60 h based on the BRF method. Regerminating the kernels reveals a grouping of the pregerminated kernels into three categories: normal, delayed and limited germination. Our model employs a supervised classification framework based on a set of extracted features insensitive to the kernel orientation. An out-of-sample classification error of 32% (CI(95%): 29-35%) is obtained for single kernels when grouped into the three categories, and an error of 3% (CI(95%): 0-15%) is achieved on a bulk kernel level. The model provides class probabilities for each kernel, which can assist in achieving homogeneous germination profiles. This research can further be developed to establish an automated and faster procedure as an alternative to the standard procedures for pregerminated barley.  相似文献   

鲁麦21慢白粉病抗性基因数目和遗传力分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

倪小文  阎俊  陈新民  夏先春  何中虎  张勇  王德森  Morten Lillemo 《作物学报》2008,34(8):1317-1322

以多年鉴定具有慢白粉抗性的小麦品种鲁麦21和感白粉病品种京双16及其杂交组合F_2:3和F_2:4代株系200个为材料, 于2005—2007年连续2个生长季, 在北京和安阳两地分别进行田间病害鉴定, 并采用质量性状和数量性状2种分析方法估算鲁麦21的慢病基因数目和遗传力。结果表明, 在这2个群体中至少存在4对抗性基因, 其广义遗传力为0.53~0.78。由于出现超亲分离, 因此推测京双16可能贡献1对微效抗病基因, 而鲁麦21至少含有3对慢白粉病抗性基因。  相似文献   

CIMMYT普通小麦籽粒硬度等位变异的检测   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

陈锋  何中虎  Morten Lillemo  夏先春 《作物学报》2005,31(10):1277-1283

籽粒硬度主要由5D染色体短臂的一对主效基因Ha控制,研究籽粒硬度等位变异有助于提高小麦的磨粉和食品加工品质。本试验对国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）的138份历史品种和代表性高代品系的硬度基因型进行了研究。在用SDS-PAGE鉴定Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a时,用10%甘油代替水配制分离胶,用PDA代替甲叉配制分离胶和浓缩胶,增强了PINA和PINB两种蛋白带型的分辨率。结果表明,与其他国家硬质麦中Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型偏多的特点明显不同,CIMMYT硬质小麦中puroindoline a（PINA）蛋白缺失类型（或称Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a）较多,为118个,占85.5%;Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a（野生型）为11个,占8.0%;Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型有9个,占6.5%。其中,PINA缺失对小麦籽粒硬度的影响最大,与其他2种基因型硬度值之间差异达5%显著水平。先前研究结果表明,PINA蛋白缺失类型的磨粉品质和面包烘烤品质均劣于Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型,因此,建议CIMMYT多引进一些其他硬度变异类型的小麦种质,如Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b类型等,以改善其硬度基因型过度单一的局面,从而减少PINA蛋白缺失带来的不利影响。同时,也提醒我国以其他用途如抗病、抗旱等为目的,引种CIMMYT小麦时,还应充分考虑PINA蛋白缺失对磨粉和加工品质的不利影响,以更合理引进和有效利用CIMMYT种质资源。  相似文献   

Detection of Glycoalkaloids and Chlorophyll in Potatoes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis> L.) by Hyperspectral Imaging     

Anders Kjær  Glenn Nielsen  Søren Stærke  Morten Rahr Clausen  Merete Edelenbos  Bjarke Jørgensen 《American Journal of Potato Research》2017,94(6):573-582

The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to detect and quantify chlorophyll (Chl) and total glycoalkaloid concentrations (TGA) in potatoes. To create a set of tubers with different concentrations of Chl and TGA, potatoes of four varieties were wounded or treated with red, blue, red/blue, UV-a, UV-b or UV-c light. HSI analyses were performed with a reflection based setup implemented in an industrial potato sorting machine. After hyperspectral analyses, the peel was sampled, and concentrations of Chl and total TGA were determined. Results showed that the HSI system predicted the concentrations of Chl with a relatively high degree of accuracy, and a prediction R² value of 0.92. Prediction of TGA concentrations performed to a much lesser extent, and the overall prediction R² value was only 0.21. Moderate soil covers only affected the prediction powers to a minor degree.  相似文献   

Dead wood in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest reserves   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Morten Christensen  Katrine Hahn  Edward P. Mountford  Pter dor  Tibor Standovr  Dusan Rozenbergar  Jurij Diaci  Sander Wijdeven  Peter Meyer  Susanne Winter  Tomas Vrska 《Forest Ecology and Management》2005,210(1-3):267-282

Data were analysed on the volume of dead wood in 86 beech forest reserves, covering most of the range of European beech forests. The mean volume was 130 m³/ha and the variation among reserves was high, ranging from almost nil to 550 m³/ha. The volume depended significantly on forest type, age since reserve establishment and volume of living wood. More dead wood was found in montane (rather than lowland/submontane) reserves, longer-established reserves (time since designation) and reserves with higher volumes of living wood.

On average, fallen dead wood contributed more to the total dead wood volume than standing dead wood. The percentage of dead wood that was standing was almost twice as high in montane than in lowland/submontane forest reserves (45% versus 25%). The volume of dead wood at selected sites changed considerably over time. The fluctuations were significantly higher in lowland/submontane than montane reserves, possibly connected with differences in the disturbance regimes and especially damage caused by windstorms. In NW Europe, the blow down of formerly managed, even-aged stands led to extraordinary high volumes of dead wood shortly after reserve establishment.

The implications for forest management and biodiversity conservation are discussed. An increase in dead wood volumes must be carried out in accordance with the local/regional forest type and disturbance regime. Thus, in order to fulfil the requirements of as many wood-depending organisms as possible, it is important to preserve not only larger amounts of dead wood, but also dead wood of different types and dimensions as well as securing a long-term continuity of dead wood.  相似文献   

'Normal' serum chemistry values in wild animals     

Tryland M 《The Veterinary record》2006,158(6):211-212

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Clovis age Western Stemmed projectile points and human coprolites at the Paisley Caves     

DL Jenkins  LG Davis  TW Stafford  PF Campos  B Hockett  GT Jones  LS Cummings  C Yost  TJ Connolly  RM Yohe  SC Gibbons  M Raghavan  M Rasmussen  JL Paijmans  M Hofreiter  BM Kemp  JL Barta  C Monroe  MT Gilbert  E Willerslev 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6091):223-228

The Paisley Caves in Oregon record the oldest directly dated human remains (DNA) in the Western Hemisphere. More than 100 high-precision radiocarbon dates show that deposits containing artifacts and coprolites ranging in age from 12,450 to 2295 (14)C years ago are well stratified. Western Stemmed projectile points were recovered in deposits dated to 11,070 to 11,340 (14)C years ago, a time contemporaneous with or preceding the Clovis technology. There is no evidence of diagnostic Clovis technology at the site. These two distinct technologies were parallel developments, not the product of a unilinear technological evolution. "Blind testing" analysis of coprolites by an independent laboratory confirms the presence of human DNA in specimens of pre-Clovis age. The colonization of the Americas involved multiple technologically divergent, and possibly genetically divergent, founding groups.  相似文献