Alphaherpesvirus infections in semidomesticated reindeer: A cross-sectional serological study     

Carlos G. das Neves  Julien Thiry  Eystein Skjerve  Nigel G. Yoccoz  Espen Rimstad  Etienne Thiry  Morten Tryland 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,139(3-4):262-269

Alphaherpesviruses infect a wide range of animal species and cause diseases. Cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV-2) was originally isolated from reindeer in Finland but the impact of CvHV-2 infections on reindeer remains unclear. CvHV-2 infection could be partly responsible for calf losses as there are indications that it is associated with abortions and neonatal diseases. Previous serosurveys of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) have shown that an alphaherpesvirus is circulating among reindeer in Norway. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of CvHV-2 infection among reindeer in various herding districts in Finnmark, the largest reindeer area in Norway, and to identify factors associated with becoming infected with CvHV-2. A total of 3062 serum samples were tested using an ELISA and a sub-set of samples was further tested using a seroneutralization test. The ELISA revealed that 49% of samples were positive. Extrapolation of the results to the total population (111,350 animals; 66% of the Finnmark reindeer population) showed that the seroprevalence in the population was 48%. Seroprevalence varied from 7.6% to 90.7% between districts and was affected by age, weight and population density. ELISA-positive samples neutralized CvHV-2 at serum dilutions greater than those required for neutralization of bovine herpesvirus type 1. It is concluded that CvHV-2 is endemic throughout the reindeer herding districts of northern Norway.  相似文献   

Screening for plant transporter function by expressing a normalized Arabidopsis full-length cDNA library in Xenopus oocytes     

Hussam H Nour-Eldin  Morten HH Nørholm  Barbara A Halkier 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):17-9

Background  

We have developed a functional genomics approach based on expression cloning in Xenopus oocytes to identify plant transporter function. We utilized the full-length cDNA databases to generate a normalized library consisting of 239 full-length Arabidopsis thaliana transporter cDNAs. The genes were arranged into a 96-well format and optimized for expression in Xenopus oocytes by cloning each coding sequence into a Xenopus expression vector.  相似文献   

A severe outbreak of contagious ecthyma (orf) in a free-ranging musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population in Norway   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vikøren T  Lillehaug A  Akerstedt J  Bretten T  Haugum M  Tryland M 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(1-2):10-20

During July-October 2004, 19 (18 calves, 1 yearling) free-ranging musk oxen (Ovibos moschatus) at Dovre, Norway, were observed with contagious echtyma-like lesions, and 16 of them were euthanized. Six musk oxen were subjected to necropsy, histopathological and microbiological examinations. All euthanized animals had lesions consistent with contagious ecthyma presenting as wart-like, scabby lesions on the muzzle, lips, oral mucosa and limbs to a variable extent. The histopathological examination showed pustular dermatitis characterized by epidermal proliferation, reticular degeneration, degenerating keratinocytes with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, vesicopustules, microabscesses and multifocal ulcerations in the epidermis which was covered by a serocellular crust. Pathology and bacteriology showed evidence of secondary infections in the skin and draining lymph nodes. Electron microscopy (negative staining) of lesions from four animals detected parapoxvirus with the typical arrangement of the outer protein filaments. Parapoxvirus DNA was detected in tissue samples from two examined animals by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers from the B2L-gene. A DNA sequence of 326 nucleotides from the amplicon was compared with similar DNA sequences from parapoxvirus isolated from sheep, reindeer, musk ox and cattle. The outbreak was caused by a virus similar to other circulating orf virus variants in Norway. Antibodies against parapoxvirus were detected with a virus neutralization test in 3 of 35 musk oxen (8.6%) sampled at Dovre between 2004 and 2006. This is the first report of a severe outbreak of contagious ecthyma in free-ranging musk oxen.  相似文献   

JAFPT: A Journal Targeting Fish Technologists     

Morten Sivertsvik 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(8)

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Brucella pinnipedialis hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) strain in the mouse model with concurrent exposure to PCB 153     

Ingebjørg H. Nymo  Carlos G. das Neves  Morten Tryland  Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen  Renato Lima Santos  Andreia Pereira Turchetti  Andrew M. Janczak  Berit Djønne  Elisabeth Lie  Vidar Berg  Jacques Godfroid 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

Brucellosis, a worldwide zoonosis, is linked to reproductive problems in primary hosts. A high proportion of Brucella-positive hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) have been detected in the declined Northeast Atlantic stock. High concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have also been discovered in top predators in the Arctic, including the hooded seal, PCB 153 being most abundant. The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenicity of Brucella pinnipedialis hooded seal strain in the mouse model and to evaluate the outcome of Brucella spp. infection after exposure of mice to PCB 153. BALB/c mice were infected with B. pinnipedialis hooded seal strain or Brucella suis 1330, and half from each group was exposed to PCB 153 through the diet. B. pinnipedialis showed a reduced pathogenicity in the mouse model as compared to B. suis 1330. Exposure to PCB 153 affected neither the immunological parameters, nor the outcome of the infection. Altogether this indicates that it is unlikely that B. pinnipedialis contribute to the decline of hooded seals in the Northeast Atlantic.  相似文献   

Water Exchange and Deposition of Sediment and Phosphorus during Inundation of Natural and Restored Lowland Floodplains     

Brian Kronvang  Inga K. Andersen  Carl Christian Hoffmann  Morten L. Pedersen  Niels B. Ovesen  H. E. Andersen 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,181(1-4):115-121

Water exchange, flow patterns and deposition of sediment and phosphorus were measured in cross-sections of a naturally functioning floodplain during one winter and in three restored floodplains following remeandering of formerly straightened and channelized rivers. Sediment and phosphorus depositional processes were studied, deploying artificial grass mats at different distances from the river channel. In addition, a mass-balance approach was applied on the experimental site. Our results show that the deposition of sediment and particulate phosphorus constituted 3,000–4,700 g DW m^?2 and 1.2–7.3 g P m^?2, respectively, on the four floodplains studied during a winter where flood duration lasted between 20 and 76 days. The storage efficiency for sediment ranged between 28–47 and 4.0–7.0% for phosphorus.  相似文献   

Digestibility of diets containing different soybean meals in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua); comparison of collection methods and mapping of digestibility in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract     

Oddhild Førde-Skjærvik  Morten A. Aslaksen 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(1):241-258

The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate effects of partial replacement of fish meal with soybean meal on digestibility in Atlantic cod and effects of biotechnological processing of soybean meal. Other objectives were to find out if apparent digestibility in cod was affected by age, temperature and/or faecal sampling methods, and to map digestion and absorption patterns along the intestinal tract for different age classes and diets. A control diet with fish meal as the main protein source (FM), a diet with 24% of crude protein from conventional extracted soybean meal (SBM), and a diet with 24% of crude protein from a bioprocessed soybean meal (BP-SBM) were used. Yttrium oxide was added as an inert marker for digestibility determination. The diets were fed to duplicate groups of 534 g (1-year-old) and 1750 g (2-year-old) cod in seawater. Faeces were stripped from the distal-most section (distal chamber) of the intestine after 48 and 84 days of feeding. In addition, intestinal contents were removed by dissection after 84 days. The dissected intestine was divided into 5 sections and contents were analysed separately. Dietary soy did not alter the viscosity of the digesta. The replacement of fish meal protein with soybean protein reduced the apparent digestibility of crude protein, fat, energy and almost all amino acids, independent of type of soybean meal processing. Larger fish had higher digestibility of starch, ash and several amino acids than smaller fish. A temperature decrease from 9.1 °C at feeding day 48 to 6.8 °C at day 84 resulted in lower digestibility of starch, ash and several amino acids. Absorption of amino acids was quantitatively terminated in the distal part of the mid intestine when feeding the soy-containing diets, but continued into the distal chamber when feeding the FM diet. Absorption of fat was completed in the proximal part of the mid intestine when feeding the soy-containing diets, but continued into the middle part of the mid intestine when feeding the FM diet. Soy did not affect absorption pattern of starch along the intestinal tract. Faecal sampling by dissection resulted in higher apparent digestibility of macronutrients than stripping in the 2-year-old cod, and higher apparent digestibility of protein in the 1-year olds.  相似文献   

The effect of vertical and horizontal distribution on retention of sardine (Sardinops sagax) larvae in the Northern Benguela – observations and modelling     

Erling Kåre Stenevik  Morten Skogen  Svein Sundby  David boyer 《Fisheries Oceanography》2003,12(3):185-200

In the present study, a modelling experiment is conducted to simulate the transport of sardine (Sardinops sagax) eggs and larvae in the Northern Benguela. Based on historical and newly obtained data, different scenarios of vertical and horizontal distribution are applied and the effects on retention are discussed. The simulations showed that vertical and horizontal distribution were important for retention of sardine larvae in the Northern Benguela. By using age‐dependent data on vertical distribution, it was shown that retention of particles in the simulation was substantially enhanced compared with a scenario where particles were distributed in the offshore moving Ekman layer. Retention was lowest during October–December (when upwelling intensity is high) and highest during February–April (when upwelling intensity is somewhat lower). When different spawning areas were considered, highest retention was observed in an area near Walvis Bay. It is concluded that the behaviour of sardine larvae is adapted to the circulation system in the Northern Benguela in a way that promotes retention of the larvae in inshore nursery areas.  相似文献   

Detection of chlorine-labelled chitosan in Scots pine by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy     

Erik Larnøy  Morten Eikenes  Holger Militz 《Wood Science and Technology》2011,45(1):103-110

The aim of this study was to use energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to localize chitosan in the cell wall of chitosan-impregnated Scots pine. It was of interest to investigate the concentration of chitosan in wood to gain further knowledge and understanding of the distribution of chitosan in the wooden matrix. After deacetylation, chitosan was re-acetylated with chloroacetic anhydride to achieve a covalent bonding of chloride to the chitosan polymer. Chloride-labelled chitosan was measured by EDX using a scanning electron microscope and described as chloride intensity. Analysis of free chloride anions was performed by dialysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. There was a significant correlation between the molecular weight of chitosan and the intensity of covalent-bonded chloride to the chitosan polymer. High molecular weight chitosan showed a better interaction with the cell wall structure than low molecular chitosan.  相似文献   

A review of Brucella infection in marine mammals, with special emphasis on Brucella pinnipedialis in the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)     

Nymo IH  Tryland M  Godfroid J 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):93

ABSTRACT: Brucella spp. were isolated from marine mammals for the first time in 1994. Two novel species were later included in the genus; Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis, with cetaceans and seals as their preferred hosts, respectively. Brucella spp. have since been isolated from a variety of marine mammals. Pathological changes, including lesions of the reproductive organs and associated abortions, have only been registered in cetaceans. The zoonotic potential differs among the marine mammal Brucella strains. Many techniques, both classical typing and molecular microbiology, have been utilised for characterisation of the marine mammal Brucella spp. and the change from the band-based approaches to the sequence-based approaches has greatly increased our knowledge about these strains. Several clusters have been identified within the B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis species, and multiple studies have shown that the hooded seal isolates differ from other pinniped isolates. We describe how different molecular methods have contributed to species identification and differentiation of B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis, with special emphasis on the hooded seal isolates. We further discuss the potential role of B. pinnipedialis for the declining Northwest Atlantic hooded seal population.  相似文献