Guild composition and habitat use of voles in 2 forest landscapes in south‐eastern Norway     

Lucrezia GORINI  John D. C. LINNELL  Luigi BOITANI  Ulrike HAUPTMANN  Morten ODDEN  Per WEGGE  Erlend B. NILSEN 《Integrative zoology》2011,6(4):299-310

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Bacteria subsisting on antibiotics     

Dantas G  Sommer MO  Oluwasegun RD  Church GM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5872):100-103

Antibiotics are a crucial line of defense against bacterial infections. Nevertheless, several antibiotics are natural products of microorganisms that have as yet poorly appreciated ecological roles in the wider environment. We isolated hundreds of soil bacteria with the capacity to grow on antibiotics as a sole carbon source. Of 18 antibiotics tested, representing eight major classes of natural and synthetic origin, 13 to 17 supported the growth of clonal bacteria from each of 11 diverse soils. Bacteria subsisting on antibiotics are surprisingly phylogenetically diverse, and many are closely related to human pathogens. Furthermore, each antibiotic-consuming isolate was resistant to multiple antibiotics at clinically relevant concentrations. This phenomenon suggests that this unappreciated reservoir of antibiotic-resistance determinants can contribute to the increasing levels of multiple antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.  相似文献   

Relationship between the metabolite profile and technological properties of bovine milk from two dairy breeds elucidated by NMR-based metabolomics     

Sundekilde UK  Frederiksen PD  Clausen MR  Larsen LB  Bertram HC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7360-7367

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the metabolite profile of milk and important technological properties by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. The metabolomics approach was introduced for the metabolic profiling of a set of milk samples from two dairy breeds representing a wide span in coagulation properties. The milk metabolite profiles obtained by proton and carbon NMR spectroscopy could be correlated to breed and, more interestingly, also with the coagulation profile, as established by traditional methods by using principal component analysis (PCA). The metabolites responsible for the separation into breed could mainly be ascribed to carnitine and lactose, whereas the metabolites varying in the samples with respect to coagulation properties included citrate, choline, carnitine, and lactose. The results found in the present study demonstrated a promising potential of NMR-based metabolomics for a rapid analysis and classification of milk samples, both of which are useful for the dairy industry.  相似文献   

Mineralization of the herbicide MCPA in urban soils is linked to presence and growth of class III tfdA genes     

Morten S. Nielsen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(5):984-990

Mineralization and sorption of ¹⁴C-ring labeled herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) were quantified along with the tfdA gene abundance in 7 different soils. The soils tested were five gravel soils from urban locations, one soil from the embankment of a railway track, and finally an agricultural soil as a control. The mineralization experiments were performed with a concentration of MCPA of 5 mg/kg and incubated at 10 °C for a period of 60 days.With K_d values ranging from 0.04 to 0.41 l kg⁻¹ the sorption experiments revealed that binding of MCPA to the six gravel soils was lower compared to the control soil which had a K_d value of 0.91 l kg⁻¹. The potential for MCPA mineralization varied from less than 5 to over 55% mineralized in 60 days. The most rapid MCPA mineralization was observed in the soil from the Danish railway tracks with 55% mineralized after only 18 days. The mineralization data was fitted to degradation kinetic models, which indicated that growth occurred as a response to MCPA degradation in most of the soils.Soil DNA was extracted and tfdA genes responsible for the first step in MCPA degradation were quantified by real-time PCR (qPCR) at appropriate time points throughout the mineralization experiments. Indicating growth of specific MCPA degraders, the abundance of class III tfdA genes showed an increase during MCPA mineralization in those soils able to mineralize MCPA.These findings emphasize the importance of the presence of microorganisms that are able to readily degrade MCPA, to avoid groundwater leaching following use on urban gravel areas that possess low binding ability of the compound.  相似文献   

Materials science. Bulk metallic glasses     

Byrne CJ  Eldrup M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5888):502-503

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Availability of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the north-eastern North Sea, predicted by the transport of Atlantic water     

Svein A. Iversen  Morten D. Skogen  Einar Svendsen 《Fisheries Oceanography》2002,11(4):245-250

One of the clearest relationships between a single marine climate variable and fisheries yield is found between the transport of Atlantic water into the North Sea in the winter and catches of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus L.) in the northern North Sea 6 months later. A three‐dimensional numerical model, the NORWegian ECOlogical Model system (NORWECOM), has estimated this inflow during the winter from 1976 to 2000, which is strongly correlated with the Norwegian fleet's catch of horse mackerel (r² = 0.70) in the following autumn. It is hypothesized that a large influx of this relatively warm and nutrient rich water during the winter may support an early spawning of zooplankton and high biological production during the spring and summer. This might be the biological reason for a large fraction of the horse mackerel stock migrating into the North Sea during strong inflows.  相似文献   

Identification of novel secaloindoline-a and secaloindoline-b alleles in CIMMYT hexaploid triticale lines   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

Genying Li  Zhonghu He  Roberto Javier Pea  Xianchun Xia  Morten Lillemo  Qixin Sun 《Journal of Cereal Science》2006,43(3):378-386

To characterize kernel hardness, an important trait in triticale breeding, and to identify secaloindoline alleles present in hexaploid triticale lines developed at International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) a total of 171 secondary hexaploid lines were analyzed for grain hardness using the Single Kernel Characterization System. They showed a large spectrum of kernel hardness types, from very soft to very hard, with values ranging from 8.6 to 84.9. The occurrence of starch granule-associated friabilin was studied in 30 lines, including 10 hard, 9 mixed and 11 soft genotypes. All soft lines displayed a high level of friabilin, whereas the hard lines showed almost no friabilin, indicating that friabilin is directly involved in the formation of grain texture in secondary hexaploid triticales. Two novel secaloindoline alleles were identified and designated as Sina-R1b and Sinb-R1c. Compared with SINAa, the deduced amino acid sequence of SINAb showed a Trp to Arg substitution at position 44. SINBc had a Gly to Ser substitution at position 78 and a Gly to Arg substitution at position 115, as well as a Cys insertion in the signal peptide, in comparison to SINBa. The novel alleles Sina-R1b and Sinb-R1c were detected in both the soft and hard triticale lines.  相似文献   

Detection of potato leaf roll virus and potato viruses M,S, X and Y by dot immunobinding on plain paper     

Morten Heide  Lene Lange 《Potato Research》1988,31(3):367-373

Summary Potato leafroll virus and potato viruses M, S, X and Y in green leaves were detected by dot immunobinding (DIB) on plain paper and on nitrocellulose membranes. On both materials, DIB could detect the presence of very small amounts of virus, e.g. 30 pg of purified PVX. The sensitivity of the DIB test on plain paper and on nitrocellulose was compared to Double Antibody Sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) by serial dilutions of infected plant sap made in healthy plant sap. Detection of potato viruses by DIB on plain paper and nitrocellulose was found to be equally sensitive whereas DAS-ELISA was 2 to 8 times more sensitive. Possible simplifications of the DIB procedure to suit the requirements of a routine method were examined. The use of the DIB method for routine testing of potato viruses is discussed.  相似文献   

How to Avoid Getting Your Paper Declined in Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology     

Morten Sivertsvik 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2020,29(7)

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Simulated maternal pre‐spawning stress affects offspring's attributes in farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Linnaeus, 1758)          下载免费PDF全文

Marit Skog Eriksen  Trygve T Poppe  Mark McCormick  Børge Damsgård  Ragnar Salte  Bjarne O Braastad  Morten Bakken 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(6):1480-1489

In fish hormones are released into the nutritive yolk sac during oogenesis in quantities that mirror female plasma levels, thus implying a potential for the maternal endocrine state at spawning to affect offspring characteristics. In the present study, mature female Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, were given intraperitoneal cortisol implants to investigate potential impacts of simulated stress on offspring ontogeny. Maternal cortisol levels reduced fertilization success and affected several offspring characters: lowered initial survival rates, impaired growth early in life and increased prevalence of morphological abnormalities in adult individuals. In addition, offspring from cortisol administered females displayed increased locomotor activity in an acute confinement test. These results suggest that developmental trajectories of salmon offspring can be considerably altered if their mothers experience severe stress during the final stages of gametogenesis. The present findings may have conceptual and applied ramifications as they demonstrate a mechanism that links the maternal environment to subsequent viability of the progeny.  相似文献