Comparative single‐dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered florfenicol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss,Walbaum, 1792) at health and experimental infection with Streptococcus iniae or Lactococcus garvieae     

Nima Shiry  Tahoora Shomali  Siyavash Soltanian  Mostafa Akhlaghi 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(2):214-221

This study evaluates changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of a single oral dose of florfenicol in rainbow trouts experimentally infected with Lactococcus garvieae or Streptococcus iniae. One hundred and fifty fish were randomly divided into three equal groups: 1—healthy fish, 2—fish inoculated with S. iniae (2.87 × 10⁷ CFU/ml, i.p.), and 3—fish inoculated with L. garvieae (6.8 × 10⁵ CFU/ml, i.p.). Florfenicol was administered to all groups at 15 mg/kg by oral gavage. Blood sampling was performed at 0, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr after drug administration to each group, and plasma concentration of florfenicol was assayed by HPLC method. The MICs of florfenicol were 1.2 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml against L. garviae and S. iniae, respectively. Healthy fish showed higher values for most of the PK/PD parameters as compared to fish infected with L. garvieae which was reversed in fish infected with S. iniae. Fish infected with L. garvieae showed decreased relative bioavailability accompanied by increased volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vd_ss) and total body clearance (Cl_B)_. Infection with S. iniae increased the peak concentration of drug after administration (Cmax) and decreased elimination half‐life (T_{1/2 β})_, central compartment volume (V_c), and Vd_ss. In conclusion, infection with these bacteria can affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol in rainbow trouts as shown by decreased bioavailability and increased total body clearance and volume of distribution in L. garvieae infection and decreased volume of distribution accompanied by increased Cmax in S. iniae‐infected fish.  相似文献   

Subtropical goats ovulate in response to the male effect after a prolonged treatment of artificial long days to stimulate their milk yield          下载免费PDF全文

ES Mendieta  JA Delgadillo  JA Flores  MJ Flores  E Nandayapa  LI Vélez  LA Zarazaga  M Bedos  A Terrazas  H Hernández 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(4):955-962

The objectives of this study were to determine (i) if in subtropical goats that gave birth during mid‐December, the exposition to an artificial long‐day photoperiod consisting in only 14 hr of light per day can increase the milk yield and (ii) to test whether these females can respond to the male effect at the end of the prolonged photoperiodic treatment. In experiment 1, 17 lactating goats were maintained under natural short days (control group), while another 22 goats were maintained under artificial long days (treated group) consisting in 14 hr light and 10 hr darkness starting at day 10 of lactation. The continuous exposition to an artificial long‐day photoperiod produced an increase in the milk yield level during the first 110 days of lactation (time × treatment interaction; p = .01), while none of the milk components were modified due to the photoperiodic treatment (p > .05). In experiment 2, all control and treated anovulatory goats were submitted to the male effect using photostimulated males. All females showed oestrous behaviour within the first 10 days that were in contact with males (100% in both groups; p > .05). Thus, the latency to onset of oestrus did not differ between females from control (58.2 ± 3.0 hr) and treated (62 ± 4.6 hr) groups. Male exposition provoked ovulation independently if females were previously under long days or natural photoperiod (96 vs 100%, respectively; p = .79). It was concluded that exposure to 14 hr of light per day in subtropical goats that gave birth in late autumn stimulates milk yield without preventing the ovulation in response to the male effect at the end of the prolonged photoperiodic treatment.  相似文献   

Evaluation of growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducing activity of human calprotectin on the human gastric cell line (AGS)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zali H  Rezaei-Tavirani M  Kariminia A  Yousefi R  Shokrgozar MA 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2008,12(1):7-14

BACKGROUND: Calprotectin is cytotoxic agent that its anti-tumor effects are governed through suppression of topoisomerase II; a key enzyme in apoptosis. In previous studies, cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of calprotectin are shown on different cancer cell lines, but not human gastric cancer cell lines. In the present study, cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of calprotectin on human gastric adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (AGS) were evaluated. METHODS: The AGS cells were exposed to the different concentrations of calprotectin for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed using dimethylthiazol diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and dye exclusion tests. For evaluation of cytotoxic mechanism in calprotectin on AGS cells, flow cytometric analysis was performed. RESULTS: Our results revealed that calprotectin induces growth inhibition of AGS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results of this investigation showed that sensitivity of AGS cells to cytotoxic effect of human calprotectin was highly remarkable. In addition, growth inhibitory effect of this cytotoxic agent mostly was governed through induction of apoptosis in the AGS cells. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that calprotectin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in the AGS cells.  相似文献   

Thermal degradation studies of poly(o-anisidine) doped with 5-sulfosalicylic acid     

Mostafa I. Abd-Elrhaman  Seddique M. Ahmed 《Fibers and Polymers》2008,9(5):527-533

Thermal decomposition of the solid state of poly(o-anisidine) (POAN) base (POAN-EB) and salt [doped with 5-sulfosalicylic (SSA) acid] (SSA-doped POAN) forms has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) under non-isothermal conditions. The potential (PE) and optimum molecular geometric (OMG) energies of the repeating unit (tetramer form) of investigated matrix were calculated using molecular mechanics (MM+) calculations. These calculations (PE= −3.48×10⁹ and OMG=−122.72 kJ mol⁻¹) indicate that the optimum molecular geometric structure of this matrix is highly stable. The empirical formula of the doped polymer is best represented by [POAN-2SSA.n/6H₂O] and substantiate by elemental analysis and MM+ calculations. The full polymer decomposition and degradation were found to occur in three stages during the temperature increase. The decomposition activation energy (E _d) of both POAN base (POAN-EB) and its doped (SSA-doped POAN) were calculated by employing different approximations. The heating rate of decomposition and the frequency factor (k _o ) as well as kinetic parameters were calculated for doped or base form of this matrix. A remarkable heating rate dependence of the decomposition rate of the SSA-doped POAN matrix was observed.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and yield performance among T. Aman rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces in Barishal region of Bangladesh     

Mia  Shamim  Ahmed  Nasar Uddin  Islam  Mohammad Zahidul  Rashad  Md. Mainul Islam  Islam  Md. Monirul  Zaman  A. K. M. Mostafa 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(2):123-132

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Understanding genetic diversity of rice helps to improve its yield. Although many landraces of rice are grown in the coastal area of Bangladesh, their...  相似文献   

Effect of Drought Stress and Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers on the Accumulation of Osmolytes and Chlorophyll in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Rabiei  Zahra  Mohammadian Roshan  Naser  Sadeghi  Seyyed Mostafa  Amiri  Ebrahim  Doroudian  Hamid Reza 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2021,73(3):287-296

Gesunde Pflanzen - Management of plant nutrition using fertilizers is an approach to deal with drought and to increase water productivity in paddies. The aim of this study, therefore, was to...  相似文献   

Growth characteristics and reproductive output of dwarf mistletoe-infected Juniperus polycarpos in Iran     

Abolfazl Daneshvar  Mulualem Tigabu  Mostafa Farhadi  Per Christer Odn  Asaddollah Karimidoost 《林业研究》2014,25(4):827-834

Dwarf mistletoes are parasitic flowering plants that infect conifers, resulting in substantial loss of growth and mortality. Recently, forest managers in Iran are contemplating whether infection of Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch forests by dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium oxycedri （DC.） M. Bieb, influences tree vigor and contributes to insuffieient natural regeneration. The present study aimed at assessing the severity of infection and its impact on growth and reproductive output of./., polycar- pos. Infected and uninfected trees （n =20 each） were selected for assess- ment of diameter, height, crown area, and crown volume as well as quantity and quality of cones and seeds. The severity of infection of trees was determined by Hawksworth＇s 6-class dwarf mistletoe rating （DMR） system. The DMR system revealed that 40% of the infected sample trees were lightly infected （DMR =1-2） and 60% were moderately infected （DMR =3--4）. Growth characteristics did not differ significantly （p 〉 0.05） between infected and uninfected trees. However, moderate infec- tion affected the reproductive output of./. polycarpos by significantly （p 〈0.05） reducing the mean number of cones per unit area of the crown, increasing the number of damaged seeds, and reducing seed size and seedgermination capacity. We conclude that reproductive output of J.. poly- carpos is more sensitive than growth characters to moderate infection by juniper dwarf mistletoe, and this might partly account for poor natural regeneration.  相似文献   

Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in Fresh and Frozen Semen from Rams in Brazil     

MJG Bezerra  JALO Cruz  ES Kung  PPF Albuquerque  PCP Kim  EPBX Moraes  JW Pinheiro Júnior  RA Mota 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(5):753-755

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of genomic DNA of Toxoplasma gondii in semen samples from commercial rams in artificial insemination centres in Brazil, as well as in fresh semen from rams in the northeast of Brazil. In total, 108 semen samples were obtained from artificial insemination centres, and genomic DNA of T. gondii was detected in 24 of 108 (22.2%). The prevalence of antibodies anti‐Toxoplasma gondii among sheep on rural properties was 9.2% (10/109), and 100% of the semen samples of these animals were positive in the PCR for T. gondii DNA. The molecular identity was confirmed through sequencing, which indicated 99.9% similarity with the T. gondii DNA sequences stored in the GenBank. This study reports the first occurrence of T. gondii DNA in the semen of rams, which came from artificial insemination centres in Brazil, as well as the occurrence of T. gondii DNA in the fresh semen of naturally infected rams in the northeast of Brazil.  相似文献   

A Tangential Radiographic Projection for Investigation of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint     

NEIL B. TOWNSEND  BSc  BVSc  Cert ES    JOHANNA C. COTTON  BSc    SAFIA Z. BARAKZAI  BVSc  MSc  Cert ES  DESTS  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(5):601-606

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Use of Computed Tomography in Standing Position to Identify Guidelines for Screw Insertion in the Distal Phalanx of Horses: An Ex Vivo Study     

JEAN-MICHEL E. VANDEWEERD  DVM  DES  Cert ES    ROLAND PERRIN  DVM  Diplomate ECVS    THOMAS LAUNOIS  DVM  Diplomate ECVS    LAURENT BROGNIEZ  DVM  SIMON GEHIN  DVM    PETER D. CLEGG  MA  VetMB  Cert EO  Diplomate ECVS  MRCVS    FRANCIS G. DESBROSSE  DVM  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):373-379

Objectives— To compare the precision of radiography and computed tomography (CT) preoperatively in the standing position for identification of guidelines for screw insertion in the distal phalanx, and to identify whether standing CT might improve operative time compared with preoperative radiographic planning.
Study Design— Experimental ex vivo study.
Animals— Cadaveric equine thoracic limb pairs (n=10).
Methods— Insertion of a 4.5 mm cortex screw in lag fashion into an intact distal phalanx was evaluated in 2 groups (n=10) of cadaveric equine thoracic limbs. In 1 group, the site, direction, and length of the implant were determined by radiography, and in the other group, by CT. Accuracy of screw placement was verified by specimen dissection. Outcomes were (1) absence of penetration of the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal (2) appropriate length and direction of the screw. Surgical time was also measured.
Results— No screw penetrated the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal in either group. CT was more accurate to identify guidelines for screw insertion (U=23.50, P =.049). With CT, surgical time (mean, 7.7 minutes) was significantly shorter (U=0.000, P =.000) than with radiography (mean, 12.7 minutes).
Conclusion— Standing CT can be used to accurately determine anatomic landmarks for screw insertion in lag fashion in sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx.
Clinical Relevance— This study has a clear clinical relevance for improved internal fixation of sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx.  相似文献