Interactions between the tillage system and crop rotation on the crop yield and weed populations under arid conditions     

Mansoor Sarani  Mostafa Oveisi  Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi  Hassan Alizade  Jose Luise Gonzalez‐Andujar 《Weed Biology and Management》2014,14(3):198-208

Field experiments were conducted in Iran in order to determine the interactions between the tillage system and crop rotation on weed seedling populations and crop yields from 2002 to 2005. No tillage, shallow tillage and deep tillage were the main plots and three crop sequences comprising continuous wheat (W‐W), wheat–canola–wheat–canola (C‐W) and wheat–safflower–wheat–safflower (S‐W) were the subplots. Bromus japonicus, Carthumus lanatus, Polygonum aviculare, Lolium temulentum and Avena ludoviciana were found to be the dominant species. The initial weed population in 2002 was estimated at 65 seedlings per m² and B. japonicus (～35 seedlings per m²) was the most abundant species, followed by A. ludoviciana and L. temulentum. The dominant weed species mostly did not favor the combination of S‐W and C‐W with any tillage type. For the B. japonicus population, S‐W in combination with moldboard plowing indicated the lowest seedling population. In conclusion, the crop sequence in combination with tillage would help to control troublesome weed species. Safflower and canola were determined to be effective in reducing the grass weeds. The inclusion of these crops in rotation also increased the total revenue of the cropping systems because of the higher sale price of canola and safflower.  相似文献   

Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the water quality,stress tolerance,digestive enzymes,growth performance,immune gene expression,and disease resistance of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during the early hatchery period     

Mirbakhsh  Maryam  Mahjoub  Masoud  Afsharnasab  Mohammad  Kakoolaki  Shapoor  Sayyadi  Mostafa  Hosseinzadeh  Saeid 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(6):2489-2506

Aquaculture International - In the present study, the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, was supplemented with the probiotic Bacillus subtilis IS02 in order to improve the larval survival rate....  相似文献   

Biochemical and histological alterations of cellular metabolism from jerboa (Jaculus orientalis) by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: Effects on d-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase     

Driss Mountassif  Mostafa Kabine  Khadija Mounaji  M’Hammed Saïd El Kebbaj 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2008,90(2):87-96

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) is one of the widely used herbicide of the phenoxy family with possible startling number of adverse effects on species other than the weeds which is designed to kill. The effects of 2,4D were investigated in jerboa (Jaculus orientalis), a wild animal of subdesert highlands. The jerboas have been daily treated intraperitonally with 2,4D 3 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Plasmatic markers, and antioxidants defences systems were assessed and histological alterations were evaluated. The in vivo and in vitro effects of 2,4D on the mitochondrial d-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) were also determined. Our results showed a strong decrease of triglycerides level and HDL cholesterol and an increase in GOT level and LDL cholesterol. The microscopic evaluation showed that 2,4D induced necrosis of seminiferous tubules cells in testis, hyperplasia of hepatocytes in liver and presence of multinucleated giant cells in brain. The results show also an inhibitory effect on BDH in terms of activity and kinetic parameters. All of these results show that 2,4D induces toxicity which affects energy metabolism, morphological perturbation and oxidative stress.  相似文献   

Assessing Allelopathic Index for Estimating Allelopathic potential of Ajowan Extracts     

Mostafa Hojatian Far  Ali Bagherzadeh 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2018,21(2):165-172

Allelopathy is a procedure in which secondary metabolites are produced by plants. Some plants may beneficially or antagonistically affect other plants through allelochemical compounds which may be released directly or indirectly from live or dead parts and cause allelopathic and phytotoxic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the allelopathic possibility of ajowan (Carum copticum) extracts in different concentrations on morphological indices (germination and growth) of wheat (Triticum sativum), barley (Hurdeum vulgare), corn (Zea maize S.C 704), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings as proceeding crops and to develop a comprehensive formula for measuring the negative and positive effects of allelochemicals on growth indices such as shoot and root length, as well as the germination percentage on donor plants. It was demonstrated that increasing concentrations of ajowan extracts significantly decreased the Allelopathic Index, percent of germination, and other growth related indices of all seedlings. Based on the proposed Allelopathic Index of experimental plants, it was revealed that ajowan has posed a higher risk to corn and barley especially at the early stages of the growing cycle, while safflower and wheat indicated more tolerance to growth inhibition effects of ajowan in rotational sequence.  相似文献   

Exogenous Calcium Supplementation Improves Salinity Tolerance in BRRI Dhan28; a Salt-Susceptible High-Yielding Oryza Sativa Cultivar     

Tahjib-Ul-Arif  Md.  Roy  Popy Rani  Al Mamun Sohag  Abdullah  Afrin  Sonya  Rady  Mostafa M.  Hossain  M. Afzal 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2018,21(4):383-394

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Salinity is one of the most brutal abiotic stressors, commencing a great stumbling block in the way of attaining food security in Bangladesh. Cultivation...  相似文献   

Apparent metabolizable energy value of whole date palm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoenix dactylifera</Emphasis> L.) and its possible use as a feedstuff for aged laying hens     

Mohamad Hamed Salajegheh  Mostafa Yousef Elahi  Mohamad Salarmoini  Akbar Yaghobfar 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(6):1217-1226

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of whole date palm (WDP) with and without enzyme supplementation on aged laying hen’s performance. Apparent metabolizable energy value of WDP was determined by the total collection method using ten adult leghorn cockerels. WDP was substituted with a corn-soybean meal basal diet at 40% level, and then the metabolizable energy of this experimental diet and basal diet was determined. After that, a total number of 256 Bovanz 95-week-old hens were randomly allocated into eight groups consisting of four replicates of eight birds each, based on a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of the treatments. Eight iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous experimental diets including one corn-soybean meal-based control diet and two, three, and four corn-soybean meal-based diets included 70, 140, and 210 g/kg ground WDP, respectively. Each of the diets supplemented with two levels of an enzyme (0.0 and 0.07 g/kg Natozim Plus). There was no significant difference in feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg mass, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit among the treatments (P > 0.05). However, yolk color score significantly decreased as dietary WDP level increased. The serum biochemical metabolites were not significantly affected by WDP and enzyme supplementation (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the relative weight of different organs except for abdominal fat. Our findings show that using WDP up to 21% of the diet was more economic and had no adverse effect on productive performance and serum metabolites of laying hens. However, WDP had an adverse effect on yolk color which can be ameliorated by carotenoid supplementation.  相似文献   

Nucleic Acid Metabolism,Proline Concentration and Antioxidants Enzyme Activity in Canola （Brassica nupus L.） Under Salinity Stress     

Mostafa Heidari 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(4):504-511

Seedling of five canola genotypes, Hyola 308, Hyola 401, Hyola 60, Option 50 and RGS003, were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution containing S1 = 0, S2 = 100, S3 = 200 and S4 = 300 mmol L-1 NaCl in controlled environment. Proline, antioxidant activities like catalase （CAT）, ascobrate peroxidase （APX） and guaiacol peroxidase （GPX） and some enzyme activities of nucleic acid metabolism were determined in shoot and root 20 days after induction of salinity stress. Results showed application of stress significantly affected plant growth components such as fresh （FW） and dry weight （DW） of canola genotypes. Among the genotypes, RGS003 had the highest reduction of FW and DW in S3 treatment. By increasing NaCl levels from 0 to 300 mmol L-1, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes （APX and CAT） in shoot and root increased but GPX in all of genotypes decreased. The increase in salinity stress, increased proline concentration in both root and shoot tissues of canola genotypes. Hyola 401 genotype had the maximum concentration of proline in root and shoot in S3 treatment. Along with increased salinity stress in all of the studied plants, salinity significantly increased the level of the total nucleic acid and the activity of DNase I in all of salinity treatments and at the S3 level, RGS003 had the maximum concentration of nucleolytic enzyme.  相似文献   

Long‐Term Outcome after Arthroscopic Debridement of Distal Phalanx Extensor Process Fragmentation in 13 Horses     

OLIVER M. CROWE  BVSc Cert ES    RICHARD J. HEPBURN  BVSc Cert EM Diplomate ACVIM    SVEND E. KOLD  DVM PhD    ROGER K. SMITH  MA Vet MB PhD DEO Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):107-114

Objective— To report long-term outcome after arthroscopic removal of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx in horses.
Study Design— Case series.
Animals— Adult horses (n=13).
Methods— Medical records (2003–2004) of horses that had arthroscopic debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included: lameness localized to the foot, fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx debrided arthroscopically, and a follow-up period of ≥4 years.
Results— Of the 13 horses, lameness was resolved in 11 (85%) initially but distal interphalangeal joint pain recurred in 2 (15%) within 1 year of surgery. Three (23%) other horses were retired because of lameness at other sites during the follow-up period resulting in 46% (6/13) being not lame and in full work after 4 years. Substantial changes were identified at surgery in the contralateral joint of 7 horses, even when fragments were only present unilaterally.
Conclusions— Arthroscopic debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the forelimb distal phalanx has a good short-term prognosis for resolution of lameness and return to work but a more guarded prognosis for long-term soundness.
Clinical Relevance— These results allow for more accurate prognostication preoperatively and may support early debridement of fragmentation of the extensor process of the distal phalanx.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation study of a tree windbreak   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jessie P. Bitog  In-Bok Lee  Hyun-Seob HwangMyeong-Ho Shin  Se-Woon HongIl-Hwan Seo  Kyeong-Seok KwonEhab Mostafa  Zhenzhen Pang 《Biosystems Engineering》2012,111(1):40-48

  相似文献   

Susceptibility of Biomphalaria spp. to infection with Schistosoma mansoni in sympatric and allopatric combinations with observations on the genetic variability between snails     

Mostafa OM  El-Dafrawy SM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,180(3-4):226-231

This investigation was carried out to study the susceptibility of Saudi Biomphalaria arabica to Egyptian Schistosoma mansoni in comparison with the susceptibility of Egyptian Biomphalaria alexandrina to the same parasite. This was in order to know the possibility that the parasite might be able to spread into Saudi Arabia and to determine the genetic variability between Egyptian B. alexandrina and Saudi Biomphalaria arabica snails. Lab bred Egyptian B. alexandrina and Saudi B. arabica snails were exposed individually to 10 freshly hatched Egyptian S. mansoni miracidia/snail. The mortality rate, infection rate, prepatent period, duration of cercarial shedding and cercariae production per snail were recorded in both the sympatric couple (Egyptian B. alexandrina and Egyptian S. mansoni) and in the allopatric combination (Saudi B. arabica and Egyptian S. mansoni). The results revealed that, the survival rate of snails exposed to Egyptian S. mansoni miracidia at 34th day post-exposure (at first cercarial shedding) was higher in B. arabica than in B. alexandrina. After shedding, the mortality rate was higher in the B. arabica, compared to B. alexandrina. The infection rate was higher in B. arabica than B. alexandrina; the mean of prepatent period was shorter in the B. arabica than in the B. alexandrina. However, the duration of cercarial shedding was longer in the Egyptian snails and the cercarial production per snail was higher in B. alexandrina snails than in B. arabica. To study the genetic variability between B. alexandrina and B. arabica, RAPD-PCR on the genomic DNA of snails was done. RAPD-PCR revealed significant variation between the two snail species. In conclusion, the results suggest that B. arabica can play a role in the transmission of Egyptian S. mansoni in Saudi Arabia and therefore this parasite might be able to spread into the Kingdom. In addition, the RAPD-PCR results demonstrated genetic variability between the two species which may be related to the differences in susceptibility of both Saudi and Egyptian Biomphalaria snails to Egyptian S. mansoni infection.  相似文献