Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus antibodies in dogs from Denmark     

Katherine ES Lindhe  Danny S Meldgaard  Per M Jensen  Geoffrey A Houser  Mette Berendt 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):56

Background

Large regions of central and eastern Europe are recognized as areas where tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is endemic, including countries neighbouring Denmark. It is therefore timely and relevant to determine if TBEV infections occur in Denmark. This study investigates the presence of antibodies against TBEV in a cross-section of the Danish canine population to assess the level of exposure to TBEV and possibly identify TBEV microfoci in Denmark.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 125 dogs originating from five regions of Denmark between November 2005 and March 2006. Serum was tested by indirect ELISA. All positive and borderline samples were re-evaluated by neutralisation test (NT).

Results

The prevalence of TBEV serocomplex antibodies was 30% by ELISA and 4.8% by NT (with 100%-neutralising capacity). The island of Bornholm was the only area in Denmark with NT positive samples.

Conclusions

The island of Bornholm is an area with a high risk of encountering TBEV microfoci. The presence of TBEV serocomplex antibodies in many sentinel animals from other parts of Denmark points toward existence of other TBEV microfoci. Discrepancies found between ELISA and NT results stress the importance of careful evaluation of serological tests, when interpreting results.  相似文献   

Noninvasive determination of body segment parameters of the hind limb in Labrador Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease     

Ragetly CA  Griffon DJ  Thomas JE  Mostafa AA  Schaeffer DJ  Pijanowski GJ  Hsiao-Wecksler ET 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(9):1188-1196

OBJECTIVE: To determine mass, center of mass (COM), and moment of inertia (ie, body segment parameters [BSPs]) of hind limb segments by use of a noninvasive method based on computerized tomography (CT) in Labrador Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and to provide regression equations to estimate BSPs of normal, CCL-deficient, and contralateral hind limbs. ANIMALS: 14 clinically normal and 10 CCL-deficient Labrador Retrievers. PROCEDURES: Bone, muscle, and fat areas were identified via CT. Mass, COM, and moment of inertia were determined on the basis of tissue densities in the thigh, crus, and foot segments. Regression models were developed to determine predictive equations to estimate BSP on the basis of simple morphometric measurements. RESULTS: The thigh and crus of CCL-deficient limbs weighed less than in contralateral segments. Thighs weighed less in CCL-deficient than in normal limbs. The thigh moment of inertia was less in CCL-deficient than in contralateral limbs. The crural COM was located more distally in normal limbs, compared with other limbs. Predictive equations to estimate BSP varied by parameter, body segment, and limb status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: BSPs of the thigh and crus varied with segment and status of the hind limb in Labrador Retrievers with or without CCL disease. Equations to estimate BSP on the basis of simple morphometric measurements were proposed, providing a basis for nonterminal studies of inverse dynamics of the hind limbs in Labrador Retrievers. This approach may offer new strategies to investigate the pathogenesis of nontraumatic joint diseases.  相似文献   

Circulating oxidative stress status in desert sheep naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica     

Saleh MA 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,154(3-4):262-269

Oxidative stress is a general mechanism whereby free radicals induce oxidative damages and reduce the antioxidant defences of the biological systems. The aim of the present study was to determine plasma malondialdehyde levels as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation and its relation to the antioxidants status (plasma ascorbate and blood glutathione concentrations), liver function tests and anaemia in spontaneous ovine fascioliasis. For this purpose, jugular blood samples and livers of 27 infected ewes with Fasciola hepatica along with blood samples of 20 healthy (control) ewes were collected from animals slaughtered in a F. hepatica endemic area (Kharga oasis, Egypt). An increase (P<0.001) in plasma malondialdehyde (141.1%) accompanied by decreased levels (P<0.001) of albumin (29.3%) and ascorbate (36.2%) in plasma and glutathione in blood (31.6%) of infected sheep was noticed when compared with control values. In the infected group, malondialdehyde values were positively correlated with liver fluke burden (r=0.57, P=0.002) and the activity of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.39, P=0.0.046) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (r=0.64, P=0.0003) and negatively correlated with the concentrations of albumin (r=-0.53, P=0.004), ascorbate (r=-0.46, P=0.0.17) and glutathione (r=-0.41, P=0.034). In conclusion, oxidative stress is a significant feature of chronic F. hepatica infection in grazing sheep.  相似文献   

The Role of Vascular Mechanisms in the Development of Acute Equine Laminitis   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

David M. Hood DVM  PhD    Deborah A. Grosenbaugh DVM  PhD    Mostafa B. Mostafa MSc  PhD    Sherry J. Morgan DVM  PhD  Barbara C. Thomas MSLS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1993,7(4):228-234

ACUTE LAMINITIS has long been attributed to factors or events that precede the onset of laminitis. Between 1759 and 1907 the overconsumption of grain, inflammation of the feet, suppression of perspiration (anhydrosis), excessive rest, excessive bleeding, road concussion, poor shoeing, unilateral weight bearing, sudden environmental temperature changes, prolonged standing (in the cold and aboard ships), diarrhea, and postpartum complications were all designated as causes. Today, commonly listed etiologic factors include ingestion of large amounts of grain, cold water, lush grass, or black walnut shavings, repeated concussion, endometritis or other severe infections, colic, exhaustion, stress, drug toxicities, and endocrine dysfunctions. At Texas A&M University (Table 1) the factors recorded as the cause presume a causal relationship between some preceding event and the acute laminitis. Logically, any event that precedes laminitis might be a cause, but etiologic validity depends on the definition of "cause" and the role that coincidence might have in the appearance of the disease.  相似文献   

Consequence of Cryptosporidiosis on the immune response of vaccinated broiler chickens against Newcastle disease and/or avian influenza     

Abdelfattah H. Eladl  Hamed R. Hamed  Mostafa R. Khalil 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(3):237-247

The consequence of cryptosporidiosis on the immune response of vaccinated chickens against Newcastle disease and/or avian influenza was studied by using 240, 1 day old, male, white Hy-Line chicks and divided into 8 groups and subgroups. Each group or subgroup was consisting of 30 chicks (15?×?2 replicates). The first and second groups were kept as unvaccinated control, G1uninfected and G2 infected. G3, G4 and G5 contained 2 subgroups A&B (G3A, G3B, G4A, G4B, G5A and G5B). Chicks of subgroup A were vaccinated only while chicks of subgroup B were infected and vaccinated. These chicks were orally inoculated with 5?×?10⁵ oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi (C. baileyi) at 2 days of age. Chickens were vaccinated intraocular with live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (Hitchner on day 7th and LaSota on day 17th of chicken life) (G3) or vaccinated by subcutaneous route with Volvac®- H5N2- AI vaccine on day 10 of chicken life (G4). Last group (G5) was infected similarly and vaccinated with ND and AI vaccines with the same day, dose and route of vaccination for each one. Random blood samples were collected for 3 weeks post-vaccination for investigation of humoral immune response against Newcastle and/or avian influenza vaccines by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The results showed that H5N2 vaccine at day 10 of chicken life is effective in chickens indicated by the geometric mean of HI titer against AI virus. The findings of this study showed that the infection with Cryptosporidia in the broiler chicken has a depressive effect on the immune status of the birds vaccinated against ND and/or AI vaccination. Moreover, the obtained protection rates against challenge with virulent ND virus observed to be parallel to the results of HI- test. Also, by using 2 different antigens (one commercial and field prepared antigen) to avian influenza virus, lower Geometric mean (GM) HI titer were appeared in infected and vaccinated group than vaccinated group only. A study of the relative lymphoid organs weight such as bursa of Fabricius from the experimental chicks indicated that those organs were comparable between the groups infected-vaccinated and vaccinated only. Non significant variations in final live weight between uninfected control and infected groups were indicated. Also, H5N2-AI vaccination at 10 days old did not affect the final live weight. ND and/or AI Vaccination could not be a substitute to application of good hygienic measures and fecal examination of the birds especially for protozoal diseases such as cryptosporidiosis. It could be concluded that cryptosporidiosis could be one cause of ND and/or AI vaccination failure in poultry farms.  相似文献   

Radiographic Evaluation of Femoral Torsion and Correlation With Computed Tomographic Techniques in Labrador Retrievers With and Without Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease     

Ayman A. Mostafa BVSc  MVSc  PhD  Michael W. Thomas DVM  Diplomate ACVR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(5):534-541

  相似文献   

Climate Change During the Last Deglaciation in Antarctica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

PA Mayewski  MS Twickler  SI Whitlow  LD Meeker  Q Yang  J Thomas  K Kreutz  PM Grootes  DL Morse  EJ Steig  ED Waddington  ES Saltzman  P Whung  KC Taylor 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5268):1636-1638

Greenland ice core records provide clear evidence of rapid changes in climate in a variety of climate indicators. In this work, rapid climate change events in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are compared on the basis of an examination of changes in atmospheric circulation developed from two ice cores. High-resolution glaciochemical series, covering the period 10,000 to 16,000 years ago, from a central Greenland ice core and a new site in east Antarctica display similar variability. These findings suggest that rapid climate change events occur more frequently in Antarctica than previously demonstrated.  相似文献   

Maternal induced haploids in rye (Secale cereale L.)     

M. G. Mostafa  M. S. Hoque  K. Nahar  G. M. Evans 《Euphytica》1993,72(3):213-217

Summary An inbred line of rye named P8 was found to possess haploid plants in their diploid stock. Phenomenon of spontaneous haploidy was examined in this line. Fifty families derived from this inbred line were screened to determine their ploidy level by mitotic chromosome count taking root tips. Seven families were found to contain haploid plants. Among these seven families, plants from two families which were diploid were crossed reciprocally with the standard out breeding cultivar Conrah. As all of the tested plants of P8 were found aa allele for 6-Phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-PGD) isozyme, therefore, only those Conrah plants which have bb alleles for the same isozyme were used in crossing programme.F1 seedlings were screened with the same isozyme marker and out of 1741 F1 seedlings tested, 51 were found to be non-hybrid phenotype for 6-PGD enzyme. Among these, only five plants were found haploid and the rest were diploid. Haploid plants were obtained only from those crosses where P8 was female which indicates that haploids in this line was maternally induced.  相似文献   

Partial budgeting assessment of the treatment of pyometra, follicular cysts and ovarian inactivity causing postpartum anoestrus in dairy cattle     

Abd El-Gawad Salah El-Tahawy  Mostafa Mohammed Fahmy 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(1):44-50

A total of 412 multiparous German Holstein cows were screened for postpartum pyometra, follicular cysts and ovarian inactivity to assess economic and productivity losses in relation to pharmaceutical expenditures. Our results show that cows treated for pyometra with prostaglandin f2 alpha (PGF2α) and oxytetracycline had significantly (P < 0.05) greater total and net returns than untreated cows or those treated with PGF2α + cephapirin or PGF2α alone. Milk yields from untreated cows affected by follicular cysts were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the yields from cows treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH)− and GnRH + PGF2α. In addition, the use of GnRH to treat cows with ovarian inactivity resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower costs and greater total and net return values compared to untreated controls.  相似文献   

Multivariate analysis of morphometric characteristics to evaluate risk factors for cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in Labrador retrievers     

Ragetly CA  Evans R  Mostafa AA  Griffon DJ 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(3):327-333

Objectives: To determine the combination of conformation characteristics of the pelvic limbs of Labrador Retrievers that best discriminates between limb at risk to develop cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and limbs at low risk using radiographs, computerized tomography (CT) images, and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Study Design: Cross‐sectional clinical study. Animals: Twelve clinically normal and 9 unilaterally CCL‐deficient Labrador Retrievers. Methods: The pelvic limbs of normal dogs were considered as non‐predisposed to CCL disease and the contralateral limbs of CCL‐deficient dogs as predisposed. Conformation variables, obtained from femur and tibial radiographs, pelvic limb CT images and DEXA studies, of predisposed pelvic limbs were compared with the conformation variables from pelvic limbs of the low‐risk group. An ROC curve analysis was used to assess the discriminating properties of conformation variables for several combinations. Results: We determined that a combination of tibial plateau angle (TPA) and femoral anteversion angle (FAA) measured on radiographs was optimal for discriminating predisposed and non‐predisposed limbs for CCL disease in Labrador Retrievers. Conclusions: Assessing predisposition to CCL disease with a combination of conformational measurements is better than using univariate parameters. In the future, TPA and FAA may be used to screen dogs suspected of being susceptible to CCL disease.  相似文献