The changes in digestive enzymes and hormones of gilthead seabream larvae (Sparus aurata, L 1758) fed on Artemia nauplii enriched with free methionine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mehmet Naz  Mustafa Türkmen 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(3):243-256

Variations in digestive enzymes and hormones during the larval development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed on live prey (Artemia nauplii) enriched with free methionine were investigated for 16 days (from day 24 to day 40). Prior to initiation of the experiment, newly hatched larvae were transferred from incubators to fiber glass tanks (300 l) with black walls and fed with same diets until day 24. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. In the experimental group, the content of the free methionine in the Artemia nauplii was increased by adding a 5.3 mM free methionine solution to the culture water during a 16-h enrichment period. The larvae of both the control and enriched-methionine groups were sampled four times, with 4-day intervals between samplings, during a 16-day period. The larvae in the control group had a significantly lower growth than those of the methionine group at the end of the study (P < 0.05). The highest trypsin activity and leucine aminopeptidase N/leucine–alanine peptidase ratios were observed in the control group. A significant difference between bombesin activities in the treatment groups was not found at 5th minute after the initiation of feeding (P > 0.05), but they were significant at 15th minute post-initiation of feeding (P < 0.05). A significant difference between the cholecystokinin levels of the treatment groups was found (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

A comparison of the growth and survival of two freshwater crayfish species, Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz and Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana), under different temperature and density regimes     

Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(1):31-43

Growth experiments carried out with two juvenile crayfish species, Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz and Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana), at different temperatures and densities highlighted the problem of cannibalism under conditions aimed at intensifying crayfish production. Cannibalism proved to be much lower in A. leptodactylus than P. leniusculus, suggesting that the former might be the better candidate for astaciculture. In the first of two population survival trials, A. leptodactylus showed a higher survival rate than P. leniusculus, with 26% of P. leniusculus surviving in the first replicate, compared to 42.3% of P. leniusculus, and 40.76% surviving in the second replicate, compared to 47.6% of P. leniusculus. The same trend was observed in the second experiment, with P. leniusculus showing survival rates of 48.5 and 55.3% (first and second replicates, respectively) in comparison to 65.2 and 68.2%, respectively, for A. leptodactylus. It is therefore highly likely that if P. leniusculus were to become established in Turkey, it would outcompete the native A. leptodactylus even if it were not to be devastated by the crayfish plague that has decimated the native species. The experiments also highlighted the problem of differential growth, with some juveniles hardly growing at all while others reached a relatively large size. The range in carapace length (CL) was 9–18 mm for A. leptodactylus and 8.5–18.5 mm CL for P. leniusculus at the end of the first experiment. While both species grew quickly, P. leniusculus hatched earlier, giving it an advantage over A. leptodactylus; consequently, by the end of the summer, the juveniles of the former were larger than those of A. leptodactylus. Specific growth rate values showed that the juveniles of the two species had similar growth rates. The results also revealed that growth was not significantly affected by density in both species at 15°C, but at 25°C, growth was significantly better at a density of 234 juveniles m⁻² than at 468 juveniles m⁻², and better at 468 juveniles m⁻² than at 937 juveniles m⁻² (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). We conclude that P. leniusculus is a good candidate for aquaculture as it has a rapid growth rate and early hatching and maturity; however, its aggressive behavior may make it a less attractive proposition than A. leptodactylus, which is also fast growing but less aggressive. This study is a part of PhD study of M.M. Harlıoğlu, who is supported by Fırat University Elazığ, Turkey.  相似文献   

Neuroprotective effects of dietary borax in the brain tissue of rainbow trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>) exposed to copper-induced toxicity     

Gonca Alak  Arzu Ucar  Aslı Çilingir Yeltekin  Selim Çomaklı  Veysel Parlak  Ismail Hakkı Taş  Mustafa Özkaraca  Ahmet Topal  Esra Manavoğlu Kirman  İsmail Bolat  Muhammed Atamanalp  Hasan Türkez 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(5):1409-1420

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Effects of 17β-estradiol injection on the reproductive efficiency of freshwater crayfish,Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)     

Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu  Muhammet Enis Yonar  Ayşe Gül Harlıoğlu  Serpil Mişe Yonar  Ardavan Farhadi 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2018,30(3):197-210

The effects of 17β-estradiol injection (10^?7mol/crayfish) in adult female Astacus leptodactylus on the reproductive efficiency (i.e., pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers) were investigated. In addition, hepatosomatic index, gonodosomatic index, and 17β-estradiol (E2) levels of crayfish ovary, hepatopancreas, and heamolymph before and after injections were also determined. Results showed that E2 injection to females enhances the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus. E2 injection significantly increased pleopodal egg and stage 1 juvenile numbers, GSI, HSI, and concentrations of E2 in heamolymph, ovary, and hepatopancreas. However, E2 injection did not accelerate time of mating and proportion of pleopodal egg-berried females at the first week of reproduction season in this species. This study highlights that to improve the reproductive efficiency of A.leptodctylus by using hormones to regulate the ovarian cycle, E2 should be used at least 1.5 months before the commencement of the breeding season.  相似文献   

Evaluation of three non‐genetically modified soybean cultivars as ingredients and a yeast‐based additive as a supplement in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

X. Qiu  A. Buentello  R. Shannon  A. Mustafa  A. Abebe  D.A. Davis 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):173-183

Two growth trials and a physiology assessment were conducted to evaluate three non‐genetically modified (GM) soybean cultivars as ingredients in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. In addition, a commercially available fermented yeast product was evaluated as dietary supplement. For the growth trials (46 and 35 days, respectively, for trials 1 and 2), the basal diet was primarily composed of soybean meal (SBM), fishmeal (FM), whole wheat, corn protein concentrate, poultry meal (PM, pet food grade) and corn starch. Non‐GM cultivars were processed with novel methodologies to produce Navita? ingredients (N1, N2 and N3) which were incorporated at low (L) or high (H) levels into the experimental diets, in partial replacement of FM and full replacement of conventional SBM. The last two formulations incorporated the fermented yeast for a total of nine experimental diets (Table 1 ). Results from the growth trials indicate that shrimp fed diet 5 (HN2) exhibited significantly lower (p < .05) weight gain as compared to shrimp fed diets 1 and 2 (basal and LN1, respectively) in trial 1, as well as compared to animals fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 8 (basal, LN1, HN1 and basal + yeast) in trial 2. The feed conversion ratio significantly increased for shrimp fed diet 5, in contrast with shrimp fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 8 in trials 1 and 2, as well as compared to shrimp fed diets diet 6 (LN3) in trial 2. For the physiological assessment (stress and immune responses), only the effects of diets 1, 3, 8 and 9 (basal, HN1, basal + yeast and HN1 + yeast, respectively) were investigated. Granular cell counts were significantly higher for shrimp fed the yeast‐containing diets. Haemolymph glucose and haemolymph packed cell volume were significantly reduced for shrimp fed diets 3, 8 and 9. No significant differences were observed in total haemocyte counts, hyaline cells counts, semi‐granular cells counts, haemolymph protein, haemocyte phagocytic capacity and haemocyte respiratory burst activity. Results of this work indicate that selective soy breeding technology coupled with novel processing options has the potential to increase the nutritional value of conventional SBM for shrimp feeds. Trends on immune responses were more difficult to elucidate possibly due to the limited length of the feeding trial.  相似文献   

Medical Waste Treatment via Waste Electrospinning of PS     

Tuğba Isık  Mustafa M. Demir 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(4):767-774

Body fluid medical wastes are infectious clinical wastes (blood, saliva, urine) due to their high pathogenic content. Incineration is the most commonly used method in waste management that possess high water content along with molecularly dissolved species such as proteins. The process is costly; so that the removal of solid content dissolved in aqueous part by preliminary filtration can reduce the volume of the waste material. In this study, fibrous mats were prepared by electrospinning of PS wastes from DMF and THF solutions. Then they are employed in the removal of protein-based solid contents of body fluid medical wastes before their disposal. Two sources of PS waste (CD cover and Styrofoam) were employed along with virgin PS for comparison. The adsorption capacity of as-prepared electrospun fibers was examined for three model proteins: Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Myoglobin (MYO), and Trypsin (TRY). The fibers obtained from PS CD wastes have remarkably larger protein sorption capacities (particularly BSA) than the fibers obtained from virgin PS. XPS reveals the presence of CaCO₃ domains in CD covers added into PS during their production steps probably to increase mechanical properties. There may be an electrostatic interaction between Ca²⁺ and the negatively charged groups of the protein. In this way, PS wastes could be converted to a beneficial secondary product by electrospinning and also resulting materials promises for the disposal of body fluid medical wastes. This may be one of the frontiers study on the removal of medical wastes by adsorbents produced via electrospinning of waste polymers.  相似文献   

Effects of Soil Characteristics on Spring-Harvested Switchgrass Biomass Composition     

Erik Delaquis  Arif F. Mustafa  Roger Samson  Huguette Martel 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(15):1782-1791

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising bioenergy crop for temperate regions. Overwintering has been used to improve biomass quality, resulting in a more efficient combustion, partially due to a reduction in minerals concentration. This study examines the effects of soil composition on overwintered switchgrass composition. Samples were collected in the spring from 58 environments in Southern Quebec to determine possible relationships between soil composition and biomass quality. Principal component analysis and stepwise regressions were used to identify relationships between soil and biomass compositions. Soil parameters monitored explained 74% of the variation in biomass silicon (Si) concentration, 45% of the variation in ash, and 32% of the variation in magnesium (Mg). Soil composition had limited effects on the concentration of other elements in switchgrass biomass. Switchgrass biomass quality is influenced by soil composition and appears well suited to biomass combustion when overwintered and harvested in the spring.  相似文献   

Tributyltin (TBT) Tolerance of Indigenous and Non-indigenous Bacterial Species     

Abdussamad Abubakar  Muskhazli B Mustafa  Wan Lutfi Wan Johari  Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli  Ferdaus Binti Mohamat Yusuff 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(8):258

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The effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in drip irrigated grafted and ungrafted watermelon     

Sel?uk ?zmen  R?za Kanber  Nebahat Sar?  Mustafa ünlü 《农业科学学报》2015,14(5):966-976

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption,yield,and quality in grafted and ungrafted watermelon.The study was conducted in Cukurova region,Eastern Mediterranean,Turkey,between 2006 and 2008,and employed 3 irrigation rates(full irrigation(l_(100)) with no stress,moderate irrigation(Dl_(70)),and low irrigation(Dl_(50));Dl_(70) and Dl_(50) were considered deficit irrigation) on grafted(CTJ,Crimson Tide+Jumbo) and the ungrafted(CT,Crimson Tide) watermelon.The amount of irrigation water(IR) applied to the study plots were calculated based on cumulative pan evaporation that occurred during the irrigation intervals.Nitrogen consumption was 16%lower in CTJ plants than in CT plants.On the other hand,consumption of nitrogen was 28%higher in Dl_(50) plants than in Dl_(70) plants while it was 23%higher in Dl_(50) plants than in l_(100) plants.By grafting,the average amount of nitrogen content in seeds,pulps and peels for CTJ was 30,43 and 56%more than those of CT,respectively.The yield and the quality were not significantly affected by the deficit irrigation.In this respect,grafting of watermelon gave higher yield,but,it had a slight effect on fruit quality.The highest yield values of 16.90 and 19.32 kg plant~(-1) in 2008 were obtained with l_(100)and in CTJ plants,respectively.However,Dl_(50) treatment could be taken into account for the development of reduced irrigation strategies in semiarid regions where irrigation water supplies are limited.Additionally,the yield increased by applying CTJ treatment to the watermelon production.  相似文献   

Modified 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (abts) method to measure antioxidant capacity of Selected small fruits and comparison to ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods     

Ozgen M  Reese RN  Tulio AZ  Scheerens JC  Miller AR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(4):1151-1157

The measurement of antioxidant capacity in fruits differs from that of other biological samples due to their low pH and very low lipophilic antioxidant capacity. In this report, we present a modified 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method for fruits and compare its performance with the other commonly used antioxidant methods of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The antioxidant capacity and reaction kinetics of four phenolic compounds, two antioxidant standards, and five fruits were also investigated. The modified ABTS method prepared at a pH of 4.5 with sodium acetate buffer is highly stable and easily applied to fruit samples as compared to the standard (pH 7.4) version. The measured antioxidant capacity of samples varied with the assay method used, pH, and time of reaction. Traditional antioxidant standards (trolox, ascorbic acid) displayed stable, simple reaction kinetics, which allowed end point analysis with all of assays. Of the phenolic compounds examined, chlorogenic and caffeic acids exhibited the most complex reaction kinetics and reaction rates that precluded end point analysis while gallic acid and quercetin reached stable end points. All fruit extracts exhibited complex and varied kinetics and required long reaction times to approach an end point. Because the antioxidant capacity of fruit extracts is a function of the array of individual antioxidants present, accurate comparisons among fruit samples require that reaction times be standardized and of sufficient length to reach steady state conditions and that more than one assay be used to describe the total antioxidant activity of fruit samples.  相似文献