Localization profiles of natriuretic peptides in hearts of pre-hibernating and hibernating Anatolian ground squirrels (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)     

Öztop  Mustafa  Özbek  Mehmet  Liman  Narin  Beyaz  Feyzullah  Ergün  Emel  Ergün  Levent 《Veterinary research communications》2019,43(2):45-65

The Anatolian ground squirrel (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) is a typical example of true mammalian hibernators. In order to adapt to extreme external and internal environments during hibernation, they lower their body temperatures, heart rates and oxygen consumption; however, pathological events such as ischemia and ventricular fibrillation do not occur in their cardiovascular systems. During the hibernation, maintenance of cardiac function is very important for survival of ground squirrels. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are key factors in the regulation of cardiovascular hemostasis. Since NPs’ role on the protection of heart during hibernation are less clear, the aim of this study was to investigate dynamic changes in NPs content in the cardiac chambers and to reveal the possible role of NPs on establishing cardiac function in ground squirrel during hibernation using immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical results indicate that cardiac NP expressions in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes were different from each other and were sex-independent. ANP and BNP were expressed in a chamber-dependent manner in female and male squirrel hearts. Furthermore, cardiac NPs expression levels in hibernation period were lower than those at the pre-hibernation period. During prehibernation period, ANP, BNP and CNP were expressed in the white and beige adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT); while during hibernation period, the brown adipocytes of EAT were positive for BNP and CNP. These data suggest that the hibernation-dependent reduction in levels of NPs, particularly ANP, in cardiac chambers and EAT may be associated with low heart rate and oxygen consumption during hibernation. However, further studies are needed to better delineate the roles of NPs during the hibernation.

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Effects of feeding high levels of cactus (Opuntia fícus-indica Mill) cladodes on urinary output and electrolyte excretion in goats     

E.L. Vieira  .M.V. Batista  A.F. Mustafa  R.F.S. Araújo  P.C. Soares  E.L. Ortolane  C.K. Mori 《Livestock Science》2008,114(2-3):354-357

A study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding spineless cactus cladodes on diuresis and urinary electrolyte excretion in goats. Five bucks were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square experiment with 17-day periods. Experimental diets contained (g/kg dry matter (DM) basis) 370, 470, 570, 670, and 770 spineless cactus cladodes. Water consumption from feed and urine output increased linearly (P < 0.05) as the level of cactus cladodes in the diet increased. However, water intake from drinking was low and unaffected by cactus cladode level. Creatinine clearance and urinary Na excretion were similar for all dietary treatments while K excretion decrease linearly (P < 0.05) as the level of cactus cladodes in the diet increased. Feeding cactus cladodes caused diuresis and reduced urinary K excretion in goats. Possible reasons for these effects include water over-consumption from cactus cladodes and high dietary K intake.  相似文献   

Effects of extruded flaxseed on layer performance,nutrient retention and yolk fatty acid composition     

S. Huang  A. Mustafa 《British poultry science》2018,59(4):463-469

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding an extruded flaxseed (EF) on layer performance, apparent total tract nutrient retention (ATTR) and egg yolk fatty acid concentrations.

2. Seventy-two White Leghorn laying hens (58-week-old; three per cage) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: 0%, 7.5%, 15.0% and 22.5% of EF-supplemented diets for 8 weeks.

3. Supplementation with EF had no effect on feed intake, egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg weight. Egg components (yolk, albumen and shell percentages) were similar among treatments, except that shell percentage was greater for layers fed 22.5% EF than those fed 7.5% and 15% EF. The ATTR of dry matter and organic matter were highest for 0% and 7.5% EF, intermediate for 15% EF and lowest for 22.5% EF. Similar reductions on ATTR of crude protein and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy were observed for layers fed 22.5% EF relative to those fed 0% or 7.5% EF.

4. Feeding EF at 7.5%, 15.0% and 22.5% of the diet markedly increased (by 92%, 198% and 271%, respectively) egg yolk concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and reduced saturated fatty acid and n-6 PUFA concentrations.

5. It was concluded that omega-3 labelled eggs (300 mg/60 g of egg) may be produced with low (7.5% of diet) levels of dietary EF without compromising egg production parameters. However, feeding moderate to high levels of EF (i.e. 15% and 22.5% EF) may reduce total tract nutrient and energy utilisation.  相似文献   

The impact of cedar processionary moth [Traumatocampa ispartaensis (Doğanlar & Avcí) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)] outbreaks on radial growth of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) trees in Turkey     

Mustafa Avcí  Serdar Carus 《Journal of pest science》2005,78(2):91-98

In the spring of 1998, an outbreak of the cedar processionary moth (CPM) [Traumatocampa ispartaensis (Doanlar and Avcí 2001)], a notodontid moth, began on 400 ha in a 75-year-old stand of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) trees in the western Mediterranean region of Turkey. This was the first monitored outbreak of CPM in the Isparta region. Tree crowns recovered to near normal condition by the middle of each growing season (beginning of July) during the outbreak. From 1999–2003, CPM larvae were present in the same stands and again caused defoliation. The objective of this research was to explore dendrochronology as a means of determining the long-term role of CPM in tree growth and to quantify the historic importance of CPM. In 2003, increment cores were collected from 28 host and 10 nonhost dominant or codominant trees, and annual radial-growth indices from 1947–2003 were calculated for one nonhost and four host sample plots. Cedar tree-ring chronologies were analyzed for evidence of CPM. Tree-ring chronologies from nonhost cedar (undefoliated sample trees) were used to estimate potential growth in the host cedar (defoliated sample trees) during current and past outbreaks. The trees selected as host and nonhost were the same subspecies and varieties. We identified regional outbreaks of CPM by synchronous and sustained growth periods of the trees. Growth functions were defined as the cumulative sum of radial increments. Tree-ring evidence suggests that a large-scale outbreak began in 1954 (lasting from 1954–1961) and small outbreaks began in 1947 (1947–1951), 1985 (1985–1988), and 1998 (1998–2003) in the study area. The average reductions in diameter growth for the periods around 1947, 1954, 1985, and 1998 were 40, 28, 17, and 10% of potential, respectively. We concluded that a narrow latewood band is a significant historic indicator of defoliation by CPM, and the outbreaks appear to be associated with dry winter and spring weather prior to the fall and winter in which feeding occurred.  相似文献   

Distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes among HBV carriers in Isparta     

Kaya S  Cetin ES  Aridogan BC  Onal S  Demirci M 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2007,11(1):59-63

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Isparta, Southwest of Turkey, as well as the clinical features and transmission route for patients with HBV infections. METHODS: Patients (n = 135) with HBV infection were included in the study. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained. HBV genotypes were determined with a preS2 epitope ELISA kit. RESULTS: Although the HBV transmission route remained unidentified in 51.1% of the patients, blood contact was determined as the most common probable transmission route (38.5%). One hundred twenty-four (91.8%) of 135 samples, could be genotyped. One hundred fifteen (85.1%) were genotyped as type D/E, six (4.4%) were genotyped as type A, two (1.4%) were genotyped as type C, and one (0.7%) were genotyped as type F. CONCLUSION: Genotype D/E is determined as the predominant HBV genotype circulating in Isparta, Southwest of Turkey. No relationship between genotypes and disease severity and transmission route has been detected.  相似文献   

Circulation of bovine ephemeral fever in the Middle East--strong evidence for transmission by winds and animal transport     

Aziz-Boaron O  Klausner Z  Hasoksuz M  Shenkar J  Gafni O  Gelman B  David D  Klement E 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,158(3-4):300-307

Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an economically important arbovirus of cattle. The main routes of its transmission between countries and continents are not completely elucidated. This study aimed to explore BEFV transmission in the Middle-East. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the gene encoding the G protein of BEFV isolates from Israel from 2000 and 2008 with isolates from Turkey (2008), Egypt (2005), Australia (1968-1998) and East Asia (1966-2004). Calf sera collected during the years 2006-2007 were tested by serum neutralization in order to explore for recent exposure to BEFV before 2008. These were followed by a meteorological analysis, aimed to reveal movement of air parcels into Israel in the two weeks preceding the first case of BEF in Israel in 2008. The 2008 Israeli and Turkish isolates showed 99% identity and formed a new cluster with the 2000 Israeli isolate. The serological survey showed no new exposure to BEFV during 2006 and 2007. These results coincided with the meteorological analysis, which revealed that air parcels originating in Southern Turkey had reached the location of outbreak onset in Israel nine days before the discovery of the index case. The Egyptian isolate clustered phylogenetically with the Taiwanese isolates, coinciding with data on importation of cattle from China to the Middle East in the year preceding the isolation of the Egyptian isolates. These results suggest that both winds and animal transport may have an important role in trans-boundary transmission of BEFV.  相似文献   

Expression of interleukin-8 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the synovial membrane and cranial cruciate ligament of dogs after rupture of the ligament     

El-Hadi M  Charavaryamath C  Aebischer A  Smith CW  Shmon C  Singh B 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2012,76(1):8-15

This cross-sectional clinical study compared inflammation, including expression of the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in the stifle joints of 4 control dogs and 23 dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). The CCL, synovial membrane, meniscus, cartilage, and synovial fluid from the affected stifle joints of all the dogs were examined. Inflammatory cell counts were performed on the synovial fluid, and the tissues were processed for histologic study and immunohistochemical detection of IL-8 and ICAM-1. The synovial fluid from the stifle joints of the dogs with CCLR had an increased percentage of neutrophils (P = 0.054) and a decreased percentage of lymphocytes (P = 0.004) but not macrophages compared with the fluid from the control dogs. There was accumulation of inflammatory cells and increased expression of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in the vascular endothelium of the synovial membrane and the CCL of the dogs with CCLR. The increase in inflammatory cells in the stifle joints of dogs with CCLR may therefore be due to increased expression of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in the synovial membrane and the CCL after the injury. These data may help in understanding the mechanisms of inflammation associated with CCLR.  相似文献   

Stocking Rate and Riparian Vegetation Effects on Physical Characteristics of Riparian Zones of Midwestern Pastures     

Douglas A. Bear  James R. Russell  Mustafa Tufekcioglu  Thomas M. Isenhart  Daniel G. Morrical  John L. Kovar 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2012,65(2):119-128

Grazing at high stocking rates may increase sediment and nutrient loading of pasture streams through transport in precipitation runoff and bank erosion. A 3-yr (2007–2009) grazing study was conducted on 13 cool-season grass pastures to quantify effects of stocking rate and botanical composition on forage sward height, proportions of bare and manure-covered ground, and bank erosion adjacent to streams. Pastures ranged from 2 ha to 107 ha with stream reaches of 306 m to 1 778 m that drained watersheds of 253 ha to 5 660 ha. Bare and manure-covered ground were measured at a 15.2-m distance perpendicular to the stream at 30.5-m intervals at up to 30 locations on each side of the stream by the line transect method in May, July, September, and November of each year. At the midpoint of the 15.2-m line, forage sward height was measured with a falling plate meter (4.8 kg · m^-2) and plant species identified. In November 2006, fiberglass pins (1.6 × 76.2 cm) were driven 73.7 cm into the stream bank at 1-m intervals from the streambed to the top of the bank along 10 equidistant transect locations on each side of the stream to measure bank erosion during spring, summer, and fall of each year. Increasing pasture stocking rates increased manure-covered ground and decreased sward height, but did not affect proportions of bare ground. The greatest, intermediate, and least net soil erosion rates occurred during the winter/early spring, late spring/early summer, and late summer/fall seasons. Stocking rates between measurements, expressed as cow-days · m^-1 stream, were not related to bank erosion. Increasing stocking rates per unit of stream length will increase manure cover and decrease forage sward height, but not affect proportions of bare ground or bank erosion rates adjacent to pasture streams. Therefore, managing stocking rates may reduce nutrient loading of pasture streams.  相似文献   

Methicillin and aminoglycoside resistance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Staphylococcus aureus</Emphasis> isolates from bovine mastitis and sequence analysis of their <Emphasis Type="Italic">mecA</Emphasis> genes     

Hulya Turutoglu  Mustafa Hasoksuz  Dilek Ozturk  Murat Yildirim  Sonay Sagnak 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(8):945-956

Although methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were generally isolated from human beings; these agents were recently isolated from various animal species. It has been shown that MRSA isolates are not only resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, but can also be resistant to the other commonly used antibiotics. In this study, 18 phenotypic methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates from bovine mastitis cases were analyzed by PCR for the presence of mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance and aac(6′)/aph(2″), aph(3′)-IIIa and ant(4′)-Ia genes encoding aminoglycoside resistance. Out of 18 S. aureus isolates (oxacillin MICs, ≥4 μg/ml), 3 were positive for mecA gene. Only one from 3 mecA positive isolates was positive for genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and this isolate carried aac(6′)/aph(2″) in combination with aph(3′)-IIIa gene. The aph(3′)-IIIa gene was detected in 3 isolates. These three isolates carrying the aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes were resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin and neomycin. The mecA gene of 3 MRSA isolates was sequenced. All three mecA genes of these isolates were identical to that found in human MRSA strains, except a one-base substitution at nucleotide position 757. From the data presented in this study, it can be concluded that MRSA isolated from bovine mastitis may be originated from human beings, but further studies are needed to investigate the possibility of zoonotic transfer of MRSA.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and risk factors for bovine brucellosis in Jordan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ahmad M. Al-Majali  Abdelsalam Q. Talafha  Mustafa M. Ababneh  Mohammed M. Ababneh 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2009,10(1):61-65

We investigated the seroprevalence and risk factors for Brucella seropositivity in cattle in Jordan. The sera from 671 cows were randomly collected from 62 herds. The antibodies against Brucella were detected using a Rose Bengal plate test and indirect ELISA. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the cattle herds'' health and management. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed to identify the risk factors for Brucella seropositivity. The true prevalence of antibodies against Brucella in individual cows and cattle herds was 6.5% and 23%, respectively. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in cows older than 4 years of age was significantly higher than that in the younger cows. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in cows located in the Mafraq, Zarqa and Ma''an governorates was significantly higher than that of the other studied governorates. The multiple logistic regression model revealed that a larger herd size (odd ratio = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.6) and mixed farming (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.7) were risk factors for cattle seropositivity to Brucella antigens. On the other hand, the use of disinfectants (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.1) and the presence of adequate veterinary services (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2) were identified as protective factors.  相似文献