Vertical Distribution of Physico-Chemical Properties and Number of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Buried Layer of Soil Profiles with Marine-Reduced Sulfur Compounds   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Hirotomo Ohba  Naoto Owa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(3):379-388

We observed the presence of reduced sulfur compounds in the buried soil layer of a paddy field on Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture. We sampled the paddy field soil from 0 to 300 cm depth and analyzed the physico-chemical properties of the soil and the numbers of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and iron-oxidizing bacteria in order to elucidate both the sulfur-oxidizing mechanism and the function of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the subsoil. Based on the physico-chemical properties of the soil, layers 4 and 5, which were located below 1 m in depth, were found to be potential acid sulfate soils and to be under semi-anaerobic conditions. However, the concentrations of water-soluble sulfate ions in layers 4 and 5 (88.2 to 444 mg S kg⁻¹) were higher than those in layers 1 and 3 (16.1 and 8.29 mg S kg⁻¹, respectively) and a significant number of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (10^2–6 MPN g⁻¹) was detected in layer 4. These results suggested that the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria had occurred in layer 4. Since no iron-oxidizing bacteria were detected in any layers, and it was reported that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans could not oxidize pyrite directly, it was considered that the oxidation of the reduced sulfur compounds in layer 4 occurred through the following processes. At first, reduced sulfur compounds such as pyrite were oxidized chemically by ferric ions to intermediary sulfur compounds such as thiosulfate ions. Subsequently, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in layer 4 oxidized these intermediary sulfur compounds to sulfate ions. However, it was considered that the oxidation rate of the reduced sulfur compounds in layer 4 was far slower than would occur under aerobic conditions.  相似文献   

Detection of avian-like rotavirus A VP4 from a calf in Japan     

Hiromichi MITAKE  Naoto ITO  Kota OKADERA  Kazuma OKADA  Kento NAKAGAWA  Tomomi TANAKA  Kiyohito KATSURAGI  Kasumi KASAHARA  Toshihide NIHONGI  Hiroshi TSUNEMITSU  Makoto SUGIYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):221-224

A total of 568 normal feces from calves on a beef farm in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, in 2011–2012 were examined by RT-semi-nested PCR for rotavirus A (RVA) VP4 genes. Through partial sequencing and BLAST analyses of 84 VP4-positive specimens, we identified an avian-like RVA strain, N2342, which shares highest nucleotide identity (80.0%) with known avian-like bovine strain 993/83, in one specimen. Phylogenetic analysis also revealed a close genetic relationship between N2342 and avian RVAs, suggesting bird-to-cattle transmission. We observed frequent contact of wild birds with calves in the farm, suggesting that these birds were the source of the virus.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) toxicity on the developmental dentate gyrus and hippocampal fimbria in fetal mice     

Yoshihiro KOBAYASHI  Tetsushi HIRANO  Takuya OMOTEHARA  Rie HASHIMOTO  Yuria UMEMURA  Hideto YUASA  Natsumi MASUDA  Naoto KUBOTA  Kiichi MINAMI  Shogo YANAI  Mitsuko ISHIHARA-SUGANO  Youhei MANTANI  Toshifumi YOKOYAMA  Hiroshi KITAGAWA  Nobuhiko HOSHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1355-1361

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Effects of Feeding Potato Pulp on Cholesterol Metabolism and Its Association with Cecal Conditions in Rats     

Hashimoto N  Nakamura Y  Noda T  Han KH  Fukushima M 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(4):401-407

To clarify the functional properties of potato pulp (PP), a waste product resulting from extraction of starch from potatoes, we examined the effects of PP on cholesterol metabolism and cecal conditions in rats. Plasma total cholesterol (T-Chol) levels were lower in rats fed a PP-supplemented diet for four weeks than in those fed a control diet. Cecal pH was lowered due to an increase in the levels of cecal total short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, in the PP group compared to the control group. Furthermore, animals fed with the PP-supplemented diet showed increased cecal ratios of Lactobacillus and Clostridia and decreased cecal ratios of Bacteroides and Gammaproteobacteria with slightly negative and positive correlations with plasma T-Chol levels, respectively. In conclusion, ingestion of PP for four weeks is likely to improve both cecal conditions and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting that PP has prebiotic effects.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Si availability in slag fertilizers by an extraction method using a cation exchange resin     

Naoto Kato  Naoto Owa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):351-359

A new extraction method for the evaluation of Si availability in slag fertilizers was developed based on findings on the dissolution process of the slags in paddy fields. In the method, the slags were dissolved in water with the addition of a weakly acidic cation exchange resin (H form). The effects of the slag/water ratio, the amount of resin, and temperature on the Si dissolution from the slags were examined in order to determine adequate extraction conditions. The Si dissolution from the slags was enhanced by the addition of the resin. The pH of the extractant was well controlled between 6 and 7 during the extraction. The percentage of the amount of Si extracted by traditional evaluation methods using 0.5 м HCl or an acetate buffer solution to the total amount of Si in the slags was much higher than the Si recovery rate by rice plant (Oryza sativa L. var. Nihonbare) which was measured in our previous study. Moreover, there was no correlation between these values. On the other hand, the percentage of Si extracted by the new method was in the same range as that of the Si recovery rate and a positive correlation was obtained. As a result, Si availability in the slags could be evaluated more precisely by using the method proposed here than by using the traditional methods.  相似文献   

Starch degradation by alpha-amylase in tobacco leaves during the curing process     

Naoto Yamaguchi  Shoichi Suzuki  Amane Makino 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):904-911

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaf starch is degraded to sugars through curing (42°C/82.3% relative humidity/72 h). Total carbohydrate content remained almost constant, starch content decreased markedly, and soluble sugar content (mostly glucose) increased. α-Amylase and starch phosphorylase activities increased sixfold and threefold, respectively, whereas β-amylase activity was unaltered and isoamylase activity decreased. Increased α-amylase activity was accompanied by increased α-amylase protein levels. Although tobacco has four α-amylase gene members, only NtAMY1 mRNA levels increased. For other starch degradation genes, such as NtBAM1 and NtBMY2 (β-amylase), NtISO1 and NtISO2 (isoamylase) and NtGWD1 and NtGWD3 (glucan water dikinase), the mRNA levels remained unaltered during the first 48 h of curing. NtAMY1 expression was induced by osmotic stress but was unaffected by high temperature and/or injury stresses. Similarly, soluble sugar contents were largely increased by osmotic stress. This suggests that starch is degraded by α-amylase during curing and that α-amylase is coded by NtAMY1, induced by osmotic stress.  相似文献   

Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus: a tentative, novel double-stranded RNA virus that is relevant to gentian Kobu-sho syndrome     

Kappei Kobayashi  Go Atsumi  Yasuya Iwadate  Reiko Tomita  Ken-ichi Chiba  Shiho Akasaka  Masahiro Nishihara  Hideyuki Takahashi  Naoto Yamaoka  Masamichi Nishiguchi  Ken-Taro Sekine 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):56-63

A virus-like dsRNA of about 23 kbp was detected in gentian plants showing Kobu-sho syndrome including stunting, shortened internodes, and tumors on stems, nodes and roots. Nucleotide sequence analysis has suggested that this dsRNA is related to Pestivirus species but not to any other plant viruses. It was protected from externally added RNase, suggesting that the dsRNA is encapsidated. The dsRNA was co-extracted in a crude homogenate of glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue with the virus-like particles that have been associated previously with Kobu-sho syndrome in gentian (Usugi et al. Jpn J Phytopathol 76:21–24, 2010). The RNA sequence was detected in more than 99 % of Kobu-sho gentian individuals but in less than 20 % of apparently healthy gentian individuals from fields affected with Kobu-sho. Thus, we propose naming the virus Gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus.  相似文献   

Cauliflower mosaic virus Tav protein induces leaf chlorosis in transgenic tobacco through a host response to virulence function of Tav     

Sumyya Waliullah  Naomi Kosaka  Takashi Yaeno  Md. Emran Ali  Ken-Taro Sekine  Go Atsumi  Naoto Yamaoka  Masamichi Nishiguchi  Hideki Takahashi  Kappei Kobayashi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2015,81(4):261-270

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Sodium channel mutations (T929I and F1534S) found in pyrethroid-resistant strains of the cigarette beetle,Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)     

Naoto Fukazawa  Ryota Takahashi  Hinako Matsuda  Yuya Mikawa  Toshiyuki Suzuki  Tomohiro Suzuki  Shoji Sonoda 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(4):360

RNA-seq data analysis of cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) strains having different sensitivities to pyrethroids identified sodium channel mutations in strains showing pyrethroid resistance: the T929I and F1534S mutations. These results suggest that reduced sensitivity of the sodium channel confers the pyrethroid resistance of L. serricorne. Results also showed that the F1534S mutation mostly occurred concurrently with the T929I mutation. The functional relation between both mutations for pyrethroid resistance is discussed.  相似文献   

Annual and seasonal changes in the assemblage of planktonic copepods and appendicularians in Funka Bay before and after intrusion of Coastal Oyashio Water     

Yamaoka  Hideyoshi  Takatsu  Tetsuya  Suzuki  Kota  Kobayashi  Naoto  Ooki  Atsushi  Nakaya  Mitsuhiro 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):1077-1087

Fisheries Science - Annual and seasonal changes in the abundance and the assemblage of planktonic copepods and appendicularians were clarified in Funka Bay. Zooplankton samples were obtained by...  相似文献