1. The object of this research was to investigate the effects of high altitude with supplementary oxygen during the last stage of incubation of broiler eggs laid at low altitude and incubated at low and high altitude. We analysed thyroid hormones and haematological variables. 2. The treatment groups were: low altitude (LA), high altitude with oxygen supplementation in the hatcher (HA-OX) and high altitude non-oxygen-supplemented (HA-NOX). 3. High altitude affected relative egg weight loss and early embryonic mortality. The hatchability of fertile eggs was lower at high than at low altitude. 4. Oxygen supplementation into the hatcher cabinet during the last stage of incubation decreased late embryonic mortality ratio (LEM(1)) and improved survival rates of embryos incubated at high altitude. 5. Eggs incubated at low altitude had a higher hatched chick weight and relative chick weight than those incubated at high altitude. Hatched chick weight and relative chick weight did not change with oxygen supplementation at high altitude. 6. High altitude caused an increase in plasma T(3) and T(4) concentrations as well as in the ratio of T(3):T(4) in embryos. High altitude newly hatched chicks showed a higher T(3):T(4) ratio than low altitude chicks; this ratio decreased with oxygen supplementation at high altitude. Altitude and oxygen supplementation did not affect the mean plasma T(4). 7. Newly-hatched chicks incubated at high altitude showed a higher plasma haematocrit (PCV) than the newly-hatched chicks from eggs incubated at low altitude. High altitude without supplementation increased haemoglobin (Hb), while oxygen supplementation returned the value to low altitude values. 相似文献
This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and economic losses due to in cattle of hypodermosis between May
2008 and April 2009 in Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey. A total of 6,598 cattle—3,498 in pasture and 3,100 in slaughterhouse—were
examined for hypodermosis. One hundred ninety-five out of 6,598 cattle (2.96%) were found positive. Concerning this infestation
rate, the prevalence of hypodermosis in field was 5.3%, whereas the prevalence was 0.3% in slaughter house. Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum were recorded in slaughter house. First-stage Hypoderma spp. larvae weren’t found in cattle organs in slaughterhouse. The annual economic loss on skins is estimated to be about
18,288 TL (currency exchange rate is 1 USD:1.499 TL). 相似文献
Fasciola hepatica, the liver fluke, is a highly evolved endo-parasite that uses various mechanisms to evade the host immune system. The immunosuppressive capabilities of the parasite's excretory/secretory products have been well demonstrated by previous independent studies. However, the role of the parasite's tegument in the immune responses remains to be investigated. In this study, the effect of the tegument and other fractions of adult F. hepatica (excretory/secretory, liver fluke homogenate and liver fluke homogenate without tegument) in the activation of naïve macrophages in vitro was investigated using an ovine model. In addition, an immunoproteomic approach was used to investigate the characteristics of humoral antibody responses developed in sheep against the tegument fraction. The results indicated significantly increased arginase expression in macrophages incubated with the tegument and excretory/secretory fractions. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis of the tegument demonstrated approximately 100 protein spots, with only four of these spots were highly reactive with the positive serum as determined by 2-DE immunoblotting. These results give a preliminary indication that the liver fluke tegument may play role in avoiding hosts’ protective immune responses against itself. 相似文献
Pregnancy toxaemia is a metabolic disorder that results from an inadequate energy supply to the growing maternal–fetal unit.
The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of the syndrome has not been fully clarified; however, a key role for cytokines
and chemokines including interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)
has been indicated in women and experimental animals. However, information on the maternal plasma levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and
MCP-1 in ewes with pregnancy toxaemia is limited. Thus, the present study was designed to determine plasma IL-1β, TNF-α and
MCP-1 concentrations in ewes with severe (n = 6) and mild (n = 4) naturally occurring pregnancy toxaemia and in uncomplicated pregnant ewes (n = 10) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All ewes with pregnancy toxaemia had significantly lower body temperature
and respiratory rate than uncomplicated pregnant ewes (p < 0.05). With the highest concentrations in severe cases, heart rate, proteinuria and serum uric acid levels as well as plasma
IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 were significantly different among all three groups (p < 0.05). The plasma concentrations of IL-1β in control ewes and ewes with mild and severe toxaemia were 15.81 ± 3.90 pg/ml,
23.83 ± 2.42 pg/ml and 34.55 ± 8.03 pg/ml, respectively. The plasma concentrations of TNF-α in control ewes and ewes with
mild and severe toxaemia were 7.71 ± 1.61 pg/ml, 16.13 ± 3.63 pg/ml, and 22.85 ± 3.64 pg/ml, respectively. The plasma concentrations
of MCP-1 in control ewes and ewes with mild and severe toxaemia were 101.70 ± 9.86 pg/ml, 134.75 ± 6.24 pg/ml, and 157.67
± 9.69 pg/ml, respectively. Moreover, plasma IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 levels were positively correlated with clinical and well-establish
biochemical parameters of pregnancy toxaemia, serum uric acid and proteinuria (p < 0.01). Concomitant increase of plasma IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 concentrations along with serum uric acid, proteinuria, and
worsening of the clinical signs indicates that such cytokines are involved in the aetiopathogenesis and in perpetuation of
the local and systemic inflammatory reactions in pregnancy toxaemia in ewes. Hence, plasma IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 may potentially
serve as markers to monitor prognosis of pregnancy toxaemia in ewes. 相似文献
This study used the New Zealand White rabbit to reveal the normal ossification development of the cervical component of the
spine. Preserved cervical vertebrae representing five different age periods, each period including five individuals and the
total number of animals being 25, were fixed in 3.5% formaldehyde solution and 95% ethanol, followed by a pure acetone bath.
The materials were then stained with an alcian blue–alizarin red combination. The ossification centres were identical over
time, and the pattern of fusion among them was homogenous and constant in appearance. There were three different primary ossification
centres in all the cervical vertebrae except the axis, which showed four primary ossification centres. The dorsally located
primary ossification centres later formed the pedicles of the neural arches, while the ventral centres constituted the body
of each vertebra. The study was terminated at 10 weeks of age because the ossification centres observed in the cervical vertebrae
completed their fusion and no further ossification centres were observed. 相似文献
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is a major pest on stored grains. Chemical pesticides are... 相似文献
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the major diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze common bean cultivars in Turkey for Co resistance genes using different molecular markers (SC08, SBB14, OPAZ04, SF10, OPF10, OPA18, SB12, TGA1, SAB3, SCAreoli, SZ04, and OPV20) linked with anthracnose resistance genes and evaluate the reaction of these cultivars to the pathogen isolates. The results showed the presence of Co-1, Co-14, Co-15, Co-2, Co-4, Co-42, Co-6, Co-10, Co-11, and Co-13 resistance genes, alone or combination except for Co-33and Co-5, in common bean cultivars. These cultivars carried predominantly Co-6 and Co-4 genes for anthracnose resistance. Five cultivar (Sazova, Zülbiye, Ak?n, Önceler and Karaca?ehir 90), carrying Co-1, Co-14, Co-15, Co-2, Co-10, Co-13, Co-4, and Co-6 resistance genes were resistant to the pathogen isolates. These cultivars, showing a high level of resistance to the pathogen can be used as resistance sources in common bean breeding programs for resistance to anthracnose disease. These markers will provide significant benefit in breeding strategies.
Eurasian Soil Science - The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial groups inhabiting sediments in Lake Tuz by using culture-dependent methods. Isolation and identification studies were... 相似文献
Total anthocyanins were extracted from eleven sweet cherry cultivars grown in Sakarya, Turkey. In vitro inhibition effects of extracted total anthocyanins on purified carbonic anhydrase I and II were investigated by using CO2 as a substrate. The results showed that all extracted total anthocyanins inhibited the hCA I and hCA II enzyme activities. Among all cultivars, ‘Merton Premier’ was found to be the most active one against both hCA I (IC50?=?0.83?µg/mL) and hCA II (IC50?=?1.16?µg/mL). Additionally, the DPPH activities of the extracts were investigated as antioxidant properties. The results exhibited that ‘Churchill’ and ‘Merton Premier’ have high antioxidant activity with 74.102% and 73.503% DPPH activity, respectively.