Rabies virus glycoprotein is a type I transmembrane protein exposed on the surface on the mature virus particle that induces virus neutralizing antibodies. In the present study, 60 amino acid C-terminal hydrophobic anchor (transmembrane) and cytoplasmic domains of glycoprotein were deleted from full-length glycoprotein and fused with polyhistidine tag. The N-terminal viral signal peptide was also replaced with CD33 signal peptide for efficient secretion in mammalian cells. Following transfection of Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells with plasmid encoding this soluble form of glycoprotein, polyclonal populations of stably transfected resistant cells were obtained after G418 selection. The protein was expressed as a glycosylated protein and secreted outside the cells utilizing N-terminal CD33 signal peptide. The secreted soluble glycoprotein was purified from cell culture supernatant by Ni--agarose affinity chromatography utilizing C-terminal polyhistidine tag. Like full-length glycoprotein, the expressed recombinant soluble glycoprotein was found to be immunogenic when injected in rabbits. In this study, we have assessed the potential of recombinant soluble glycoprotein as diagnostic antigen in ELISA and found that this recombinant protein can be used as diagnostic antigen in ELISA for detecting anti-glycoprotein antibodies in immunized host. 相似文献
The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and predictive values of counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), latex agglutination (LA) and coagglutination (CoAg) tests were compared for detection of pneumococcal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients suspected of meningitis. A total of 95 CSF samples comprising 15 culture proven, 47 clinically suspected but culture negative cases of meningitis and 33 controls were screened by above tests. Among three tests, LA was found to have high sensitivity and moderately high negative predictive value than CIE and CoAg tests. However, CIE had slightly better specificity than LA and CoAg tests. Accuracywise CIE and LA tests were comparable than CoAg test. CIE and LA tests had high positive predictive value than CoAg test. 相似文献
Three hundred and seven genotypes belonging to four cultivated and one wild species of Capsicum were screened against pepper leaf curl virus (PepLCV) causing devastating leaf curl disease of chilli (Capsicum annuum). Initial screening was done under field conditions based on coefficient of infection (CI), disease reaction to each genotype was assigned. Subsequently, selfed progenies of eight symptom-less and highly resistant lines were challenged by viruliferous white fly under glasshouse conditions, out of which only three genotypes, viz. GKC-29, BS-35 and EC-497636 showed no symptom. Using scion and root stalk of susceptible genotype (Pusa Jwala), these three putative symptom-less genotypes were further challenged by grafting and alternate grafting. The resistant reactions of GKC-29, BS-35, EC-497636 were confirmed because even after 50 days of successful grafting/alternate grafting, no viral symptom appeared on all the grafted plants of these genotypes. When subjected to PCR amplification with degenerate primers deigned to detect gemnivirus like PepLCV, the three symptom-less genotypes did not show any amplification, suggesting that the resistant reaction in three identified symptom-less resistant sources was because of the absence of viral genome and they are not symptom-less carrier. 相似文献
Following screening, selection, characterization and examination of their symbiotic N2 fixation, only two Rhizobium strains (ND-16 and TAL-1860) and four lentil genotypes (DLG-103, LC-50, LC-53 and Sehore 74-3) were found to be suited to
sodic soils. Interactions between salt-tolerant lentil genotypes and Rhizobium strains were found to be significant, and resulted in greater nodulation, N2 fixation (nitrogenase activity), total nitrogen, plant height, root length and grain yield in sodic soils under field conditions
compared to uninoculated controls. Significantly more nodulation, nitrogenase activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) and NADH-dependent
glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT) activities were found in normal soil as compared to the soil supplemented with 4% and 8% NaCl.
Salt stress inhibited nitrogenase, GS and NADH-GOGAT activities. However, nitrogenase activity in nodules was more sensitive
to salt stress than GS and NADH-GOGAT activities (NH4+ assimilation). The relevance of these findings for salt-tolerant symbionts is discussed.
Received: 14 November 1997 相似文献
Nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) impregnated reduced graphene oxide (nZVI-rGO) hybrid was prepared via gaseous hydrogen reduction of anhydrous iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) on the surface of thermally exfoliated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets without using any toxic reducing agent, surfactant, or stabilizing agent. Characterization of prepared samples was carried out using various techniques. Morphological study showed that prepared rGO possesses a few-layered wrinkled paper-like structures and nZVI particles of ~?30 nm size were homogeneously dispersed on the surface of rGO nanosheets. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analyses indicated that oxygen-containing functional groups decreased in the order of graphite oxide (GO) > rGO > nZVI-rGO. Removal studies of trinitrotoluene (TNT) were carried out using graphite (G), GO, rGO, and nZVI-rGO with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Kinetic models were applied to establish the rate and mechanism of adsorption of TNT on different adsorbents, and intraparticle diffusion model based on initial adsorption characteristics was employed to ascertain mechanism of film and intraparticle diffusion in the adsorption process. The removal rate and adsorption capacity was found to be highest for nZVI-rGO, which renders this adsorbent to be a potential futuristic adsorbent for removal of explosives.
Aim of the present study was in vitro expansion and characterization of caprine wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (cWJ-MSCs) to investigate their tissue healing potential in xenogenic animal model. Plastic adherent fibroblastoid cell populations with distinctive homogeneous morphology were isolated from caprine wharton’s jelly explants. These wharton’s jelly derived cells were found positive for the surface markers CD-73, STRO-1 and CD-105, whereas they were negative for hematopoetic stem cell marker CD-34. In vitro cultured cWJ-MSCs also showed differentiation properties into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages as demonstrated by von Kossa, Oil Red- O and Alcian blue staining respectively, which was further confirmed and quantified by flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, these well characterized cWJ-MSCs were evaluated for the wound-healing potential in full-thickness skin wounds in rabbit model for 28 days. Caprine WJ- MSCs treated skin wounds showed significantly (P?<?0.05) higher percentage of wound contraction especially at the 21st day post transplantation when compared to PBS treated control group animals. Further, we observed better healing potential of cWJ-MSCs in terms of histo-morphological evaluation, epithelialisation and collagenization with matured vascularization stage by day 28 as compared to control. In conclusion, cWJ- MSCs provide an alternative inexhaustible source of mesenchymal stem cells and also unravel new perspectives pertaining to the therapeutic use of these cells in different species. 相似文献
Soil microbial C, N and P as affected by land-use change were studied in a Himalayan watershed at Sikkim, India. The major land-uses considered were forests (dense and open), agroforestry types (large cardamom and mandarin), open cropped and wasteland areas covering subtropical and temperate zones. Across the land-use, microbial C ranged from 219 to 864 μg g−1, microbial N from 30 to 142 μg g−1, and microbial P from 12 to 43 μg g−1 soils. The microbial C, N and P were positively related to each other. The microbial C:N ratio in these soils ranged from 6 to 11 and the microbial C:P ratio from 18 to 27. The conversion of forests into other land-uses resulted in a remarkable decline in the amounts of soil nutrients and microbial C, N and P. The microbial nutrients in the Himalayan region are very sensitive to land-use/cover changes. Therefore, the conversion of forest to agricultural land should be reversed. Agroforestry systems should be included in agricultural land in mountainous regions. 相似文献
Commercial viability of three cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility (CMS) systems (A4, A5 and Av) as potential alternatives to the most widely used A1 system in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) was evaluated in terms of stability of complete male sterility of four isonuclear A-lines (81A1, 81A4, 81A5 and 81Av) and the level and stability of male fertility restoration of their 44 single-cross hybrids. Lines 81A4 and 81A5 had no pollen shedders (PS), and there were very low frequency of non-PS plants of these A-lines that had a maximum of 1–5%
selfed seedset (SSS). In 81A1 and 81Av,there were, albeit low frequency (<1%) of PS plants, and relatively higher frequency of the non-PS plants in these two lines,
the more so in 81Av,had 1–5% and even greater SSS. Some hybrids made on each of the three A-lines (81A1, 81A4 and 81Av) had high and stable male fertility, while others made on the same three A-lines displayed large variation in SSS across
the environments, the more so in case of hybrids made on 81Av. These results indicate that the A4 CMS system provides a better alternative to the A1 CMS system, while the Av system does not. On the basis of highly stable male sterility and the highest frequency of pollinators behaving as maintainers,
the A5 CMS system appeared to be the best for A-line breeding. The commercial viability of this CMS system in breeding R-lines of
grain hybrids, however, still remains to be ascertained as no hybrid on it was fully male fertile in any environment.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
