Brain monitoring in dogs using the cerebral state index during the induction of anaesthesia via target-controlled infusion of propofol   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Ribeiro LM  Ferreira DA  Bressan NM  Nunes CS  Amorim P  Antunes LM 《Research in veterinary science》2008,85(2):227-232

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the cerebral state index (CSI) and the estimated propofol plasma concentrations in dogs during induction of anaesthesia. Fifteen healthy dogs undergoing scheduled routine surgical procedures were enrolled in this study. Target controlled infusion (TCI) software, based on the pharmacokinetic model for propofol, was used to control the syringe pump and to estimate plasma propofol concentrations (PropCp) and the CSI values every five-seconds. Three electrodes placed in the centre of the forehead, on the left side of the forehead and on the left mastoid were used to collect the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal converted by the cerebral state monitor into the CSI. The cerebral electrical changes induced by increasing propofol concentrations appear to be detected by CSI monitoring in dogs. The negative correlation between CSI and PropCp demonstrates that the CSI could be used to assess electrical brain activity in dogs during the induction of anaesthesia with propofol.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular effects of desflurane following acute hemorrhage in dogs     

Paulo S.P. Santos  DVM  MS    James N.B.M. Andrade  DVM  MS    ré L. Selmi  DVM  MS    Jorge L.O. Costa  DVM  MS    Rafael R. Faleiros  DVM  MS    Newton Nunes  DVM  MS  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2003,13(1):7-12

Objective: To determine the cardiovascular effects of desflurane in dogs following acute hemorrhage. Design: Experimental study. Animals: Eight mix breed dogs. Interventions: Hemorrhage was induced by withdrawal of blood until mean arterial pressure (MAP) dropped to 60 mmHg in conscious dogs. Blood pressure was maintained at 60 mmHg for 1 hour by further removal or replacement of blood. Desflurane was delivered by facemask until endotracheal intubation could be performed and a desflurane expiratory end‐tidal concentration of 10.5 V% was maintained. Measurements and main results: Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO₂), and arterial pH were recorded before and 60 minutes after hemorrhage, and 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after intubation. Sixty minutes after hemorrhage, SAP, DAP, MAP, CVP, CO, CI, SV, PaCO₂, and arterial pH decreased, and HR and RR increased when compared with baselines values. Immediately after intubation, MAP and arterial pH decreased, and PaCO₂ increased. Fifteen minutes after intubation SAP, DAP, MAP, arterial pH, and SVR decreased. At 30 and 45 minutes, MAP and DAP remained decreased and PaCO₂ increased, compared with values measured after hemorrhage. Arterial pH increased after 30 minutes of desflurane administration compared with values measured 5 minutes after intubation. Conclusions: Desflurane induced significant changes in blood pressure and arterial pH when administered to dogs following acute hemorrhage.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary supplementation with benzoic acid (VevoVitall®) on the zootechnical performance, the gastrointestinal microflora and the ileal digestibility of the young pig     

P. Guggenbuhl  A. Son  A. Pin Quintana  C. Simes Nunes 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):218-221

The addition of organic acids to diet of young pigs has been shown to improve their zootechnical performance. The aim of these experiments was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with BA (VevoVitall®) on the zootechnical performance (DWG and FCR), the gastrointestinal microflora of the weaner piglet and to determine the effects on the ileal digestibility. For the zootechnical and microbiological evaluations 124 28-day-old piglets were used. During 32 days half of them were fed a maize–soybean meal based diet and the other half this diet supplemented with 0.5% BA. At the end of the study the stomach and caecum contents were sampled from 12 animals of each group for microbiological determinations. For the ileal digestibility study 60-day-old ileo-rectal anastomosed piglets were used and fed alternatively the same diet supplemented or not with 0.5% BA. Digestibilities of total nitrogen (N), energy (E) and amino acids (AA) were evaluated.

The BA group had significantly higher DWG and FCR than that of the control group. BA reduced almost all the determined bacterial populations of the gastrointestinal tract of the piglet. The reductions were significant for gastric lactic acid bacteria and caecal E. coli. The ileal digestibility of E and AA was numerically improved and that of N significantly increased in the BA group.  相似文献   

Effects of two phytases on the ileal apparent digestibility of minerals and amino acids in ileo-rectal anastomosed pigs fed on a maize–rapeseed meal diet     

P. Guggenbuhl  C. Simes Nunes 《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):261-263

Phosphorus (P) from plant-derived feedstuffs is mainly in the form of phytic-P, which has a very low bioavailability in monogastric animals. The non-absorbed phytic-P may contribute to P pollution, reduce mineral bioavailability and might reduce protein digestibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the recommended levels of Ronozyme® P CT 5000 (750 U/kg — RP) and Natuphos® 5000 (500 U/kg — Nat) on the ileal apparent digestibility of total P, phytates (Phy), calcium (Ca), total nitrogen (N), energy, and amino acids (AA) in 60-day-old ileo-rectal anastomosed pigs. In a double Latin square design they were fed ad libitum either a maize–rapeseed meal based diet or this diet supplemented with RP or with Nat. RP and Nat increased the digestibility of P by 148% and 162%, of Phy by 84% and 76%, and of Ca by 44% and 50%, respectively. The total N digestibility was increased by 4% with RP (P < 0.01) and by 1% with Nat. A numerically increase of the digestibility of most of the AA was observed for Nat and of all AA for RP. Threonine digestibility was significantly increased by RP (P < 0.05). The results of this study indicate that phytases are able to increase the availability of proteins.  相似文献   

Water-use strategies in two co-occurring Mediterranean evergreen oaks: surviving the summer drought   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

David TS  Henriques MO  Kurz-Besson C  Nunes J  Valente F  Vaz M  Pereira JS  Siegwolf R  Chaves MM  Gazarini LC  David JS 《Tree physiology》2007,27(6):793-803

In the Mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands of southern Portugal, the main tree species are Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia Lam. (holm oak) and Quercus suber L. (cork oak). We studied a savannah-type woodland where these species coexist, with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms of tree adaptation to seasonal drought. In both species, seasonal variations in transpiration and predawn leaf water potential showed a maximum in spring followed by a decline through the rainless summer and a recovery with autumn rainfall. Although the observed decrease in predawn leaf water potential in summer indicates soil water depletion, trees maintained transpiration rates above 0.7 mm day(-1) during the summer drought. By that time, more than 70% of the transpired water was being taken from groundwater sources. The daily fluctuations in soil water content suggest that some root uptake of groundwater was mediated through the upper soil layers by hydraulic lift. During the dry season, Q. ilex maintained higher predawn leaf water potentials, canopy conductances and transpiration rates than Q. suber. The higher water status of Q. ilex was likely associated with their deeper root systems compared with Q. suber. Whole-tree hydraulic conductance and minimum midday leaf water potential were lower in Q. ilex, indicating that Q. ilex was more tolerant to drought than Q. suber. Overall, Q. ilex seemed to have more effective drought avoidance and drought tolerance mechanisms than Q. suber.  相似文献   

Aggressiveness,cultural characteristics and genetic variation of Ceratocystis fimbriata on Eucalyptus spp.          下载免费PDF全文

L. S. S. Oliveira  L. M. S. Guimarães  M. A. Ferreira  A. S. Nunes  L. V. A. Pimenta  A. C. Alfenas 《Forest Pathology》2015,45(6):505-514

Ceratocystis wilt caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata is currently one of the most important diseases affecting Eucalyptus in Brazil. This disease is controlled by planting resistant clones; however, possible variability in the pathogen population may compromise the selection of resistant genotypes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the aggressiveness of C. fimbriata isolates obtained from Eucalyptus spp, as well as their cultural characteristics and genetic variation of their ITS rDNA gene region. We found a significant isolate × clone interaction, with the isolate RM35 being the most aggressive and presenting a broader spectrum of aggressiveness, causing greater xylem discoloration on a larger number of clones. This isolate is the most suitable for artificial inoculations focusing on the selection of resistant materials. Clones CLR‐236 and CLR‐212 were identified as the most resistant and clones CLR‐223 and CLR‐240 as the most susceptible and those that are recommended as reliable comparators in artificial inoculations. All isolates were morphologically similar and differed from C. fimbriata from sweet potato by the formation of a wide mouth endoconidiophore that produces doliform endoconidia. According to the culture media and temperature applied, the most favourable conditions for mycelial growth were observed using malt extract agar (MEA) and temperatures ranging from 24 to 26°C. There was no correlation between sporulation and aggressiveness. Great variation in ITS sequences was observed, and a total of five ITS genotypes were identified among the ten isolates tested.  相似文献   

Systemic Immunosuppression by Methylprednisolone and Pregnancy Rates in Goats Undergoing the Transfer of Cloned Embryos     

C Feltrin  CA Cooper  N Mohamad‐Fauzi  VHV Rodrigues  LH Aguiar  S Gaudencio‐Neto  LT Martins  CEM Calderón  AS Morais  IS Carneiro  TM Almeida  ING Silva  JL Rodrigues  EA Maga  JD Murray  AB Libório  LR Bertolini  M Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):648-656

The presence of the zona pellucida has been perceived as a requirement for the oviductal transfer of cloned embryos at early stages of development while protecting the embryo from an immune system response. We hypothesized that steroid hormone therapy could reduce a potential cellular immune response after the transfer of zona‐free cloned embryos into the oviduct of recipient female goats. In Experiment 1, seven does were used to study the systemic immunosuppressant effect of the methylprednisolone administration (for 3 days) on blood cell counts. Whole blood was collected prior to treatment with methyprednisolone and then on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the first dose of methylprednisolone for the analysis of haematological parameters. Methylprednisolone treatment significantly reduced circulating white blood cells and neutrophils in comparison with pre‐treatment levels, demonstrating a systemic immunosuppressant effect. In Experiment 2, a group of 58 does were used as recipient females to study the effect of administration of methylprednisolone for 3 days on the establishment of pregnancies after the transfer of zona‐free cloned embryos into the oviducts. No effects on pregnancy rates on Day 30 were observed regarding the distinct treatment groups (control vs. methylprednisolone), the source of oocytes (in vivo‐ vs in vitro‐matured) or the presence or absence of the zona pellucida in embryos. In summary, methylprednisolone was effective at inducing a systemic immunosuppressed state in goats, but the treatment prior to embryo transfer did not affect pregnancy rates. Moreover, pregnancy rates were similar between zona‐free and zona‐intact goat cloned embryos.  相似文献   

Presence of Leptin and Its Receptor in the Hypothalamus,Uterus and Ovaries of Swine Females Culled with Distinct Ovarian Statuses and Parities     

F Moreira  SMM Gheller  RG Mondadori  AS Varela Júnior  CD Corcini  T Lucia Jr 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(6):1074-1078

Leptin acts on energy metabolism, affecting reproductive functions through activation of its receptors in the brain and in reproductive organs. This study compared the presence of leptin and its receptor (ObR‐b) in hypothalamus neurons, endometrial glands and oocytes of culled swine females across ovarian statuses and parities. Immunohistochemistry was done in samples of uterus, ovaries and hypothalamus from 28 culled females, using polyclonal antibodies antileptin and ObR‐b. Immunolabelling was compared for sows categorized by parity at culling (0, 1, 2–4 and <4) and ovarian status (luteal and follicular phases of the oestrous cycle and with cysts). Immunolabelling for leptin and ObR‐b in neurons and oocytes was weaker in females with cysts (p < 0.05) than in those at the follicular phase. In endometrial glands, leptin immunolabelling was less intense in females with cysts (p < 0.05), but immunolabelling for ObR‐b was similar across ovarian statuses (p > 0.05). In sows culled with 2–4 parities, leptin immunolabelling in neurons and endometrial glands was more intense than in nulliparous females (p < 0.05). In comparison with sows culled at greater parities, ObR‐b immunolabelling for nulliparous females was less intense in endometrial glands and in oocytes (p < 0.05), but more intense in neurons (p < 0.05). Thus, in swine, the presence of leptin and ObR‐b varies across parities and is more intense in the uterus, ovaries and hypothalamus of females that were cycling before culling than in those having cystic ovaries.  相似文献   

Notes on the gross anatomy of the heart of the broad-snouted caiman,Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802)     

Mariana de Oliveira Lima  Yhuri Cardoso Nóbrega  Marcelo Renan de Deus Santos  Louisiane de Carvalho Nunes  Rodrigo Giesta Figueiredo  Maria Aparecida da Silva 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(2):350-359

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Salmon oil supplementation in dogs affects the blood flow of testicular arteries     

Marcelo Carvalho Santos  Chiara Milani  Paolo Zucchini  Celia Raquel Quirino  Stefano Romagnoli  Isabel Candia Nunes da Cunha 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(3):476-483

The administration of fish oils is known to cause changes in several reproductive parameters of domestic animals. The ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the omega-3 family, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has been described and correlated with changes in the semen quality, testosterone levels and male fertility. Nevertheless, few studies monitored and registered effects after ceasing supplementation. In the present study, we monitored the Doppler velocimetric and ultrasonographic parameters of nine dogs' testis for 90 days (D90) checking the effect of salmon oil supplementation, and monitoring continued for 60 days more, after ceasing supplementation (D150). Ultrasonographic evaluations comprised determining the Doppler velocimetric parameters, testicular and epididymal volume, and testicular echotexture. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) as well as final diastolic velocity (EDV) in the supratesticular arteries (STA), and marginal artery (MA) increased during the period of treatment and kept that level up to D150. There was no difference between the fish-oil supplementation period and the unsupplemented one regarding the testicular and epididymal volume and echogenicity and heterogeneity characteristics. A negative correlation was found between heterogeneity of testis and sperm production (r = −.41, p = .008). Doppler velocimetry indices were affected by the supplementation, leading to an increase in testicular blood flow.  相似文献