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101.
Katherine Gibson Rini Astuti Michelle Carnegie Alanya Chalernphon Kelly Dombroski Agnes Ririn Haryani Ann Hill Balthasar Kehi Lisa Law Isaac Lyne Andrew McGregor Katharine McKinnon Andrew McWilliam Fiona Miller Chanrith Ngin Darlene Occeña‐Gutierrez Lisa Palmer Pryor Placino Mercy Rampengan Wynn Lei Lei Than Nur Isiyana Wianti Sarah Wright 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2018,59(1):3-16
A diversity of place‐based community economic practices that enact ethical interdependence has long enabled livelihoods in Monsoon Asia. Managed either democratically or coercively, these culturally inflected practices have survived the rise of a cash economy, albeit in modified form, sometimes being co‐opted to state projects. In the modern development imaginary, these practices have been positioned as ‘traditional’, ‘rural’ and largely superseded. But if we read against the grain of modernisation, a largely hidden geography of community economic practices emerges. This paper introduces the project of documenting keywords of place‐based community economies in Monsoon Asia. It extends Raymond William’s cultural analysis of keywords into a non‐western context and situates this discursive approach within a material semiotic framing. The paper has been collaboratively written with co‐researchers across Southeast Asia and represents an experimental mode of scholarship that aims to advance a post‐development agenda. 相似文献
102.
The epidemic of bud rot disease affecting oil palm in Colombia is primarily caused by Phytophthora palmivora. The pathogen has a cosmopolitan presence that includes Southeast Asia, but to date, bud rot has not been reported in this region. This study provides an overview of the potential risk of Malaysian P. palmivora isolates cross‐infecting other host species, including cocoa, durian, rubber and Malaysian oil palm planting materials (Dura × Pisifera, D × P). On cocoa pods, the durian isolate PP7 caused dark brown necrotic lesions. Detached leaf bioassays showed that P. palmivora isolates PP3 and PP7 infected different hosts, except rubber foliage without wounding. Inoculation tests on cocoa, durian and rubber seedlings caused brown necrotic lesions when stems were wounded, with 10% mortality in cocoa and durian at 17 days post‐inoculation (dpi). However, no further infection was observed, and lesions closed within 14–28 dpi on the non‐wounded seedlings. Pathogenicity tests of oil palm seedlings inoculated with isolates PP3 and PP7 indicated that Malaysian P. palmivora isolates were not pathogenic to oil palms based on localized infection observed only through wounding. Overall, the work demonstrated that Malaysian P. palmivora isolates were able to cross‐infect multiple hosts but did not show severe infections on oil palms. 相似文献
103.
Aysen Melda Colak Muhammed Kupe Mehmet Ramazan Bozhuyuk Sezai Ercisli Muttalip Gundogdu 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2018,70(1):31-38
Some important physicochemical and bioactive characteristics of disease free 10 wild grown bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) accessions were evaluated. External and internal fruit quality was assessed by standard parameters (fruit weight, fruit color, fruit firmness, soluble solids, pH and total acidity) and bioactive contents (total phenolics, total anthocyanins, total antioxidant capacity and, vitamin C) in fruit were also determined. The commercial grown northern higbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum cv. Bluecrop also included in the study to make comparision with bilberry samples. The highbush blueberry cv. Bluecrop had distinctive external fruit characteristics, such as bigger and more attractive fruits. However, the wild grown bilberry accessions showed interesting characters in mesocarp, such as high total phenolic content, total anthocyanin and total antioxidant capacity. Total phenolic and total anthocyanin content was 327?mg gallic acid equivalent and 142?mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent in 100?g fresh fruit in cv. Bluecrop while it was between 576–624?mg gallic acid equaivalent and 296–324?mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent in 100?g fresh fruits of bilberry accessions. Moreover, wild accessions approximately had 2 folds higher antioxidant capacity than cv. Bluecrop. Results suggested that bilberry accessions may serve as a source of desirable genes to develop improved varieties that respond to the new needs of the market. 相似文献
104.
Conventional and contemporary approaches for drought tolerance rice breeding: Progress and prospects
C Anilkumar Rameswar Prasad Sah Radha Beena Muhammed Azharudheen TP Awadesh Kumar Sasmita Behera NC Sunitha SK Pradhan KR Reshmi Raj Parameswaran C BC Marndi Anil Kumar Singh 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):418-438
Drought is becoming a major threat to rice farming across the globe owing to the depletion of water tables in rice-growing belts. Drought affects rice plants at multiple stages, causing damage at morphological and physio-biochemical levels, leading to severe losses that exceed losses from all other stresses. The amalgamation of conventional breeding methods with modern molecular biology tools and biometrical methods could help accelerate the genetic gain for drought tolerance in rice. Many drought-tolerance traits with genetic determinants have been identified and exploited for tolerance rice variety breeding. The integration of genome-wide association study and genomic selection tools with speed breeding shortened the breeding cycle and aided in rapid improvement of genetic gain. In this review, we emphasized the progress made through classical breeding as well as the limitations and usefulness of current genomic methods in improving drought tolerance. We briefly addressed methods for identifying genetic determinants for drought tolerance and deploying them through genomics-assisted breeding programmes to develop high-yielding drought-tolerant rice cultivars. 相似文献
105.
Yam Sim Khaw Fatimah Md. Yusoff Hui Teng Tan Nur Amirah Izyan Noor Mazli Muhammad Farhan Nazarudin Noor Azmi Shaharuddin Abdul Rahman Omar 《Marine drugs》2021,19(11)
Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid in brown macroalgae and diatoms that possesses a broad spectrum of health benefits. This review evaluated the research trends of the fucoxanthin field from 1928 to June 2021 using the bibliometric method. The present findings unraveled that the fucoxanthin field has grown quickly in recent years with a total of 2080 publications. Japan was the most active country in producing fucoxanthin publications. Three Japan institutes were listed in the top ten productive institutions, with Hokkaido University being the most prominent institutional contributor in publishing fucoxanthin articles. The most relevant subject area on fucoxanthin was the agricultural and biological sciences category, while most fucoxanthin articles were published in Marine Drugs. A total of four research concepts emerged based on the bibliometric keywords analysis: “bioactivities”, “photosynthesis”, “optimization of process’’, and “environment”. The “bioactivities” of fucoxanthin was identified as the priority in future research. The current analysis highlighted the importance of collaboration and suggested that global collaboration could be the key to valorizing and efficiently boosting the consumer acceptability of fucoxanthin. The present bibliometric analysis offers valuable insights into the research trends of fucoxanthin to construct a better future development of this treasurable carotenoid. 相似文献
106.
Shinya Numata Ryo O. Suzuki Sen Nishimura Yoko Naito Akihiro Konuma Yoshihiko Tsumura Naoki Tani Toshinori Okuda Md Noor Nur Supardi 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(4):378-387
We examined fruiting behaviors of 24 dipterocarp species in a lowland rain forest of Peninsular Malaysia during two consecutive episodes of general flowering (GF). The first GF episode (GF2001) occurred from August 2001 to February 2002, and the second GF episode (GF2002) followed immediately, from March to September 2002. The magnitude of GF2002 was greater than that of GF2001 at the community level. Significant positive size dependence of fruiting behavior at the community level was found in both GF2001 and GF2002, but there was no significant association between the fruiting behaviors in GF2001 and GF2002 except for one species. These results imply that tree size was one of the explanatory factors for fruiting behavior of dipterocarp species, but there was no evidence that adjacent reproduction caused the absence of reproduction and decreased fecundity in the subsequent fruiting event. In contrast, strong spatial aggregation of fruiting trees was found in GF2001, suggesting that external factors may affect fruiting behavior of dipterocarps in a minor GF episode. Among the 12 study species, there were large variations in fruiting behavior, but growth type (e.g., fast-growing or slow-growing) did not simply explain the inter-specific pattern of fruiting behavior. Thus, tree size may account for fruiting behavior of dipterocarps during the consecutive GF episodes through species-specific differences in phonological responses to internal and external conditions. 相似文献
107.
The importance of demographic niches to tree diversity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Condit R Ashton P Bunyavejchewin S Dattaraja HS Davies S Esufali S Ewango C Foster R Gunatilleke IA Gunatilleke CV Hall P Harms KE Hart T Hernandez C Hubbell S Itoh A Kiratiprayoon S Lafrankie J de Lao SL Makana JR Noor MN Kassim AR Russo S Sukumar R Samper C Suresh HS Tan S Thomas S Valencia R Vallejo M Villa G Zillio T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5783):98-101
Most ecological hypotheses about species coexistence hinge on species differences, but quantifying trait differences across species in diverse communities is often unfeasible. We examined the variation of demographic traits using a global tropical forest data set covering 4500 species in 10 large-scale tree inventories. With a hierarchical Bayesian approach, we quantified the distribution of mortality and growth rates of all tree species at each site. This allowed us to test the prediction that demographic differences facilitate species richness, as suggested by the theory that a tradeoff between high growth and high survival allows species to coexist. Contrary to the prediction, the most diverse forests had the least demographic variation. Although demographic differences may foster coexistence, they do not explain any of the 16-fold variation in tree species richness observed across the tropics. 相似文献
108.
Casmir Onwuaso Igbokwe Umar Muhammed Bello Felix Ejikeme Mbajiorgu 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(3):448-458
The morphology of tongue in straw-coloured fruit bat from tropical forests was evaluated in relation to frugivorous diets and in comparison with other species that consumes other food types. Gross, stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscope and histological methods were used. The tongue was relatively long with round tip, which closely fitted into oral cavity. Five types of mechanical papillae included crown-like and trifid filiform papillae. Also bulky, cone-shaped papillae and long conical papillae were identified. These mechanical types also showed variations in shape, size and number of processes of papillae. Transitional forms of these mechanical papillae were present. Fungiform papillae with taste pores were interposed amongst filiform types in apex and body; three ovoid-shaped vallate papillae were in triangular arrangement on root and displayed taste pores. Some bulky, cone-shaped papillae surrounded the vallate papillae. Histologically, mechanical filiform types showed highly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and dense connective tissue core with secondary papillae. Taste buds appeared in fungiform and vallate papillae. Neutral and acidic secretions were identified in lingual glands of root. The presence of prominent filamentous processes of filiform papillae and conical papillae of the tongue in conjunction with gustatory papillae ensures adaptation to copious fruit diets. The gross morphometric and histometric parameters of the tongue did not differ remarkably from previous values obtained for some fruit bats with comparable weight. This investigation showed similarities with fruit bats such as large flying fox and Egyptian fruit bat and reflect common diet and feeding habits but varied from insectivorous and nectivorous bats. 相似文献
109.
Nalçacı Necip Kafadar Feyza Nur Özkan Ali Turan Ayhan Başbuğa Selçuk Anay Ayşe Mart Dürdane Öğut Ender Sarpkaya Kamil Atik Omar Can Canan 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(4):1121-1128
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Chickpea Ascochyta blight caused by Didymella rabiei is one of the most important fungal diseases affecting yield and seed quality negatively in Turkey.... 相似文献
110.
M. Abdur Razzaque Nur Mohammad Talukder Rattan Kumar Dutta Sheikh Shawkat Zamil 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):571-586
The effect of supplemental calcium (Ca) on the growth of three rice genotypes PVSB9, NS15, and Pokkali were assessed. Different morphological characters were studied among which the percent relative- plant height, total tillers, root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and total dry matter (TDM) were higher in Pokkali and PVSB9, but lower in NS15 under different salinity and supplemental Ca levels. These morphological characteristics significantly decreased with increasing salinity levels grown at different Ca levels, but significantly increased with increasing supplemental Ca levels. The interaction effect of genotypes and salinity levels, and genotypes and Ca levels were significant, where a negative relationship with increasing salinity levels and a positive relationship with increasing supplemental Ca levels were found. The interaction effect of salinity and Ca levels on all morphological parameters was significant, where these characteristics increased due to increasing the supplemental Ca levels at all the levels of salinity. 相似文献