Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver Grass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vetiveria zizanioides</Emphasis>) for Treatment of Metal-Contaminated Water     

Ashton Lim Suelee  Sharifah Nur Munirah Syed Hasan  Faradiella Mohd Kusin  Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff  Zelina Zaiton Ibrahim 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(4):158

Phytoremediation using vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) has been regarded as an effective technique for removing contaminants in polluted water. This study was conducted to assess the removal efficiency of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) using vetiver grass (VG) at different root lengths and densities and to determine metals uptake rate by plant parts (root and shoot) between treatments (low and high concentration). Removal efficiency for heavy metals in water by VG is ranked in the order of Fe>Pb>Cu>Mn>Zn. Results showed that VG was effective in removing all the heavy metals, but removals greatly depend on root length, plant density and metal concentration. Longer root length and higher density showed greater removals of heavy metals due to increased surface area for metal absorption by plant roots. Results also demonstrated significant difference of heavy metals uptake in plant parts at different concentrations indicating that root has high tolerance towards elevated concentration of heavy metals. However, the effects were less significant in plant shoot suggesting that metals uptake were generally higher in root than in shoot. The findings have shown potential of VG in phytoremediation for heavy metals removal in water thus providing significant implication for treatment of metal-contaminated water.  相似文献   

Ridge to reef modelling for use within land–sea planning under data‐limited conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Jeremy Rude  Andrew Minks  Brandon Doheny  Marlene Tyner  Katy Maher  Christine Huffard  Nur Ismu Hidayat  Hedley Grantham 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2016,26(2):251-264

On the occurrence, distribution, taxonomy and genepool relationship of Cucumis callosus (Rottler) Cogn., the wild progenitor of Cucumis melo L. from India     

K. Joseph John  Sheen Scariah  V. A. Muhammed Nissar  M. Latha  S. Gopalakrishnan  S. R. Yadav  K. V. Bhat 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(3):1037-1046

Recent research point to the Indian wild taxa of Cucumis callosus (Rottler) Cogn. as the wild progenitor of melon (C. melo L.). Overlapping distribution with cultivated and weedy and feral forms of melo and normal fertility of F₁ and BC₁ generations of its cross with cultivated melon indicate its progenitor status. A perusal of herbarium data indicate its natural distribution pattern in the region comprising Vindhya Hills and Aravalli mountain ranges extending northwards to Indo-Gangetic plains and southwards to the Deccan plateau touching rain shadow areas of Western Ghats. Characterised by drought tolerance and field resistance to a host of pests and diseases, it is conspicuously absent in the high rainfall areas of Western Ghats and upper Himalayan region. Based on its morphological distinction and F₁ and BC₁ fertility with C. melo, a subspecific rank within C. melo is postulated. First-hand information on its occurrence, distribution and crossability relationship with other Indian taxa of Cucumis are given.  相似文献   

Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic diversity in 91 commercial Brassica oleracea L. cultivars belonging to six varietal groups     

Nur Kholilatul Izzah  Jonghoon Lee  Sampath Perumal  Jee Young Park  Kyounggu Ahn  Donghui Fu  Goon-Bo Kim  Young-Woo Nam  Tae-Jin Yang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(7):1967-1986

Brassica oleracea L. includes various types of important vegetables that show extremely diverse phenotypes. To elucidate the genetic diversity and relationships among commercial cultivars derived by different companies throughout the world, we characterized the diversity and genetic structure of 91 commercial B. oleracea cultivars belonging to six varietal groups, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kohlrabi, kale and kai-lan. We used 69 polymorphic microsatellite markers showing a total of 359 alleles with an average number of 5.20 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.06 to 0.73, with an average of 0.40. Among the six varietal groups, kohlrabi cultivars exhibited the highest heterozygosity level, whereas kale cultivars showed the lowest. Based on genetic similarity values, an UPGMA clustering dendrogram and a two-dimensional scale diagram (PCoA) were generated to analyze genetic diversity. The cultivars were clearly separated into six different clusters with a tendency to cluster into varietal groups. Model-based structure analysis revealed six genetic groups, in which cabbage cultivars were divided into two subgroups that were differentiated by their head shape, whereas cauliflower and kai-lan cultivars clustered together into a single group. Furthermore, we identified 18 SSR markers showing 27 unique alleles specific to only one cultivar that can be used to discriminate 22 cultivars from the others. Our phylogenetic and population structure analysis presents new insights into the genetic structure and relationships among 91 B. oleracea cultivars and provides valuable information for breeding of B. oleracea species. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of SSR markers as a powerful tool for discriminating between the cultivars. The SSR markers described herein will also be helpful for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) test of new cultivars.  相似文献   

Interaction Effect of Water Magnetization and Water Salinity on Yield,Water Productivity and Morpho-Physiological of Balkız Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)     

Alsuvaid  Muhammed  Demir  Yusuf  Kiremit  Mehmet Sait  Arslan  Hakan 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2022,74(2):259-274

Developing new tools for using low-quality irrigation waters is vital for the sustainability of irrigated agriculture and minimizing salt accumulation. Therefore, the present study focused on the interactive influence of irrigation treatments (magnetized (MT) and non-magnetized (NMT)) and water salinities (0.38, 1.5, 4.5, and 7.0?dSm^?1) on soil salinity, water use efficiency, yield and morpho-physiological changes of Balk?z bean. A pot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications under the rain shelter condition. Irrigation water MT treatment increased fresh bean yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) by 21.35, 23.00 and 14.8%, respectively, while saturated soil salinity was reduced by 20%, compared to NMT treatments. The leaf area, stomata, and leaf succulence in green beans in the MT treatment significantly increased by 13.4, 23.9, and 3.3% compared with those in the NMT treatment. Stems of the bean crops were more sensitive to salinity stress followed by roots and leaves. The study revealed that irrigation with magnetically treated water manages salinity related yield loss through increased morphological features as well as osmotic and stomatal adjustments. In addition, the bean crops showed an ability to protect water in tissue against salinity toxicity up to 5.24?dSm^?1 soil salinity level under magnetized saline water conditions. Finally, irrigation with magnetically treated 0.38?dSm^?1 irrigation water can be recommended due to providing a higher yield, WUE, IWUE, and sustainable production under saline irrigation in water scarcity regions.

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On the occurrence,distribution and taxonomy of Cucumis setosus Cogn., an endemic wild edible vegetable from India     

K. Joseph John  R. Khedasana  V. A. Muhammed Nissar  Sheen Scariah  Shrikant Sutar  S. R. Rao  M. Abdul Nizar  M. Latha  S. R. Yadav  K. V. Bhat 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(2):345-355

Cucumis setosus Cogn. is a rare, endemic, wild gathered or semi-domesticated vegetable restricted to Maharashtra state and border districts of adjoining states in India. Herbarium and literature survey shows that it is poorly collected and inadequately studied. Morphological characters, basic chromosome number and crossability barriers indicate that Cucumis setosus is a valid species, distinct from C. sativus and endemic to western India. Its morphology, basic cytology, crossability relationship with other Cucumis species, taxonomy, distribution, ecology, conservation, economic importance and viability under cultivation are discussed. Besides, a key to distinguish it from C. sativus var. hardwickii (wild and feral form of C. sativus) and other species having sympatric distribution in the area is also presented. Absence of bitter principle in the fruits makes it a potential germplasm for melon and cucumber improvement as well as direct domestication as a future crop.  相似文献   

棕榈在孟加拉乡村传统利用——一种可持续的生物多样性管理手段(英文)     

Mohammad Shaheed Hossain Chowdhury  Md. Abdul Halim  Nur Muhammed  Farhana Haque  Masao Koike 《林业研究》2008,19(3)

采用多级采样的方法研究了孟加拉国农村耕作区内棕榈树的传统利用模式和当地的管理经验。农民管理棕榈主要为获取树液产品,生产以糖为主的次生品。树液可直接用作饮料,也可加工成糖蜜或酒精饮料。7块不同地块为棕榈提供生长环境,20.40%的棕榈种植在果园内。尽管中等级的农民拥有多数棕榈(33%),但是主要管理棕榈的是没有土地的农民,他们靠棕榈维持生计。这些农民将自己的智慧应用到棕榈管理当中,从种植到开孔取树液再到产品加工。如果能更科学地管理棕榈,加上农民的智慧,棕榈业将会对当地经济发展起到重要作用,也会丰富当地生物多样性。  相似文献   

An Empirical Study on Compatibility of Sarawak Forest Ordinance and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bidayuh</Emphasis> Native Customary Laws in Forest Management     

Julia Nelson  Nur Muhammed  Rosmalina Abdul Rashid 《Small-Scale Forestry》2016,15(2):135-148

This study was conducted to examine the compatibility between the Sarawak Forest Ordinance and Bidayuh Native Customary Laws in Sarawak and to gather the community members’ opinions on the compatibility of these laws. This study was carried out using two research methods, viz. a literature review and a survey among the Bidayuh community in Bau, Sarawak. The documents reviewed were the Forest Ordinance Chapter 126 (1958) and the Adat Bidayuh Order, 1994. There are several notable differences between the two laws in terms of, forest ownership, losing of rights to forest or inheritance, and the management of forest. A list of statements with six interval scales was presented and a majority of Bidayuh community members neither disagreed nor agreed with the statement, (1) Forest Ordinance respects the Bumiputera people’s rights (37.5 %; SD = 1.259) and (2) Forest Ordinance protects the Bumiputera people’s rights (37.5 %; SD = 1.281). The community members are also not sure about the consistency between these two laws (28.1 %; SD = 1.182). These results indicated the need for the State to respect the natives’ rights toward the forest land and its resources, recognize the Bidayuh Native Customary Laws and for the native people to learn about the constitutional provisions. Further studies are needed because the knowledge of Native Customary Law itself cannot guarantee the natives’ future in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects and there is also a need to review the current laws to achieve the objective to protect and preserve the natives’ rights.  相似文献   

Effects of light and artificial fish shelter (PVC pipe) on some phenotypic traits of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch, 1794)     

Md. Moshiur Rahman  Nazmir Nur  Md. Mahmud‐Al‐Hasan  Sk. Asaduzzaman  Muhammad Abdur Rouf  Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):124-134

Light and shelter are very important ecological factors that can affect many traits of fish. Therefore, a study was conducted to explore the effect of light and shelter on some phenotypic traits of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis Bloch, 1794). During experiment, equal‐sized juveniles (mean ± SE: 9.04 ± 0.09 cm) were collected and reared in aquariums dividing into four treatment groups, such as T₁ (0L:24D without pipe), T₂ (0L:24D with pipe), T₃ (12L:12D without pipe) and T₄ (12L:12D with pipe). Each treatment had 36 fish, which were randomly distributed into three replications. The fish were kept up to 120 days, and then, the growth performance and skin colour were analysed. The results showed that both lighting and shelter conditions as well as their interactions had significant effects on some traits expression. The analyses revealed that lighting condition significantly influenced body area, head width and skin coloration, while shelter condition significantly affected total and standard length, body area, and their interaction showed significant effects on body area, head width and anal fin length. Thus, this study indicates that stinging catfish show better growth performance and colour patterns especially in dark and sheltered conditions which could be recommended for the successive production of this highly priced fish species.  相似文献   

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata): Genetics,genomics and breeding     

Ousmane Boukar  Nouhoun Belko  Siva Chamarthi  Abou Togola  Joseph Batieno  Emmanuel Owusu  Mohammed Haruna  Sory Diallo  Muhammed Lawan Umar  Olusoji Olufajo  Christian Fatokun 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(4):415-424

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), is an important grain legume grown in the tropics where it constitutes a valuable source of protein in the diets of millions of people. Some abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect its productivity. A review of the genetics, genomics and breeding of cowpea is presented in this article. Cowpea breeding programmes have studied intensively qualitative and quantitative genetics of the crop to better enhance its improvement. A number of initiatives including Tropical Legumes projects have contributed to the development of cowpea genomic resources. Recent progress in the development of consensus genetic map containing 37,372 SNPs mapped to 3,280 bins will strengthen cowpea trait discovery pipeline. Several informative markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to desirable attributes of cowpea were generated. Cowpea genetic improvement activities aim at the development of drought tolerant, phosphorus use efficient, bacterial blight and virus resistant lines through exploiting available genetic resources as well as deployment of modern breeding tools that will enhance genetic gain when grown by sub‐Saharan Africa farmers.  相似文献