The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of feeding fermentatively recovered fish oil (FFO) from fish processing waste (FPW), on the performance and carcass composition of broilers. A total of 60 one-d-old VenCobb® broiler chicks randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups were studied.
The birds were randomly assigned to treatment groups and fed with a normal commercial diet (control, T1), a diet with 2% groundnut oil (positive control, T2), a diet with 1% FFO (T3), a diet with 1.5% FFO (T4) and a diet with 2% FFO (T5). Performance and growth parameters (feed intake and body weight) and fatty acid composition of serum, liver and meat were determined.
The performance characteristics of broiler meat did not differ among treatments. Feeding FFO reduced total cholesterol concentration in serum, meat and liver of the FFO-fed groups (T3 to T5) as compared to both the controls (T1 and T2), but there was no significant difference in triglyceride concentration between treatments. Increased concentrations of EPA and DHA in serum, liver and meat of FFO-fed groups, as compared to both controls, were observed as the FFO concentration increased.
The study clearly demonstrates the value of oil recovered from FPW in addition to addressing the environmental issues related to disposal of such biological waste.
Thymus vulgaris L., known as common thyme, is a perennial subshrub native to the Mediterranean region. The use of the extracts and herb of thyme plants as antibacterial, antioxidant, natural food preservative and in cosmetic industry has increased the economic importance of this medicinal crop worldwide. Agricultural practices have an influence on growth and yield of thyme plants. Therefore, an experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of three intra-row spacing (15, 30 and 45 cm) and four harvesting times (vegetative, beginning of blooming, full blooming and fruit set) on plant growth and herbage biomass of thyme in 2007 in the research farm of Shoubak University College in the southern part of Jordan. The experiment was a split plot in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Apart from the experiment in 2007, measurements taken on the 15th of November in 2008 were treated as an independent experiment irrespective of harvesting stage. The effects of spacing were not significant for all the parameters measured in 2007. Intra-row spacing in 2008 had significant effects (P < 0.05) on plant height, canopy diameter, herbage fresh and dry weight and number of leaves on long shoots. Its effect on dry weight of shoots, fresh and dry weight of long shoots, number of long shoots, root depth, leaf area and specific leaf area was very significant (P < 0.01). Results of this study indicated that thyme plants grown using 15 cm planting space and harvested at the fruit set stage in 2007 had the highest fresh and dry weight of shoots. The highest dry weight of shoots, herbage fresh and dry weight was also obtained in 2008 in 15 cm spacing. Closer spacing resulted in significantly taller plants that exhibited higher shoot:root ratio and, therefore, plants grown using 15 cm intra-row spacing had a better use of light and accumulated more biomass compared to plants in wider spacing. The differentiation between long shoots and short shoots throughout plant development in 2007 suggests a specialization in carbon gain along different times in the growing season. Swings observed for shoot:root ratio, leaf area and specific leaf area were related to thyme growth. The decrease in specific leaf area between vegetative and full bloom stage indicated that leaves became thicker as part of an adaptive mechanism to the surrounding environment. Information obtained from growth parameters, leaf area and specific leaf area in particular, could be related to essential oil production in leaves of thyme plants. 相似文献
An ecological community's species diversity tends to erode through time as a result of stochastic extinction, competitive exclusion, and unstable host-enemy dynamics. This erosion of diversity can be prevented over the short term if recruits are highly diverse as a result of preferential recruitment of rare species or, alternatively, if rare species survive preferentially, which increases diversity as the ages of the individuals increase. Here, we present census data from seven New and Old World tropical forest dynamics plots that all show the latter pattern. Within local areas, the trees that survived were as a group more diverse than those that were recruited or those that died. The larger (and therefore on average older) survivors were more diverse within local areas than the smaller survivors. When species were rare in a local area, they had a higher survival rate than when they were common, resulting in enrichment for rare species and increasing diversity with age and size class in these complex ecosystems. 相似文献
Knowing the structure and variations of the plexus brachialis is important in neck and shoulder surgery. The knowledge of the brachial plexus reduces the injury rate of the nerves in surgical interventions to the axillary region. The major nerve trunks of the thoracic limb were the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves. In Van cats, the brachial plexus was formed by the ventral branches of the spinal nerves, C6-C7-C8 and T1. The 7th cervical nerve was quite thick compared to the others. The subscapular nerve was the thinnest (on the right side, the average length was 6.55 ± 0.60 mm and on the left side was 6.50 ± 0.60 mm), and the radial nerve was the thickest (the average length on the right side was 28.48 ± 0.44 mm and on the left side was 29.11 ± 0.55 mm). The suprascapular nerve was formed by the ventral branch of the 6th cervical nerve. The subscapular nerves were formed by a branch originating from the 6th cervical nerve and the two medial and caudal branches originating from the 7th cervical nerve. No communicating branch between the ulnar nerve and the median nerve was observed in the palmar region. The axillary nerve was formed by the ventral branches of the 7th nerve, the musculocutaneous nerve was formed by ventral branches of the 6th and 7th cervical nerves, and the ulnar nerve was formed by ventral branches of the 8th cervical and the 1st thoracic nerves. The radial nerve was the thickest branch in the brachial plexus. In Van cats, the origin and distribution of nerves were similar to those reported in the literature for other species of cats, with the exception of the suprascapular, subscapular and axillary nerves. 相似文献
This study was conducted to get an idea about the distribution of the lymphatic fluid in conjunctiva throughout the body parts. For this purpose, Qdot655 (QD), fluorescence nanoparticles, spread onto the conjunctiva were used on Wistar albino rats. Drainage of QD particles from conjunctiva was followed up via fluorescence images at different hours on body parts such as eye, ears, forearms, hind legs and tails. The first fluorescence signals within the 30th minutes following administration of QD were observed in the nasal region and the anterior extremities. Whereas within 60th minutes following QD spread, fluorescent signals were obtained from the ears, forearms, hind legs and tail of the female and male rats. 相似文献
Two experiments were carried out in Syria with the purpose of investigating to which extent the effects of including 30 % olive cake (replacing parts of forage and concentrate) or tomato pomace (replacing concentrate) in the diet, described under controlled on-station conditions, can be recovered on farm. A total of 180 lactating Awassi ewes (three farms per experiment, 15 ewes per treatment) were fed either control diets or test feed diets over a period of 7 weeks. Milk yield was measured bi-weekly and milk composition was analysed for gross physicochemical composition and fatty acid (FA) profile. Both feeds reduced milk yield (?10 %) and milk protein content, whereas milk fat content was increased by tomato pomace. Both feeds resulted in similar changes in milk FA profile, namely less saturated and polyunsaturated FA and more monounsaturated FA including 18:1 trans FA. Tomato pomace and olive cake also resulted in increased n-6:n-3 FA ratios, while the proportion of the conjugated linoleic acids was not affected by either treatment. In conclusion, the response of the ewes on farm was clear and similar in nature for most of milk-related traits as that found on station, but lower in magnitude.
CEP peptide was synthesized and tested for induction of disease susceptibility using Arabidopsis Col-0. When Colletotrichum tropicale was used as a non-adapted fungal pathogen, the conidia germinated to form hyphal-like structures, which successfully penetrated epidermis, eventually causing disease symptoms. In such case, PEN2-, but not PEN3-dependent resistance was likely suppressed by CEP peptide. Similarly, the CEP peptide-mediated disease susceptibility was also effective to a non-adapted bacterial pathogen. Notably, such induced susceptibility was also evident on Arabidopsis mutants lacking the previously identified receptors, suggesting that the CEP peptide modulates Arabidopsis immunity through an unidentified receptor(s).
