Respiratory problems caused by Pasteurella multocida in dairy buffaloes in Pakistan     

Afzal M  Hussain M 《The Veterinary record》2006,158(22):764-765

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Integrated management of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis> in chickpea in rainfed areas of Punjab,Pakistan     

Waqas Wakil  Muhammad Ashfaq  M. U. Ghazanfar  Muhammad Afzal  Tahira Riasat 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(5):415-420

The pod borer Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important insect pest of chickpea and several other crops in Asia, Africa and Australia. The present studies were carried out on integration of various practices for the management of H. armigera in Punjab, Pakistan, during 2004-05. Chickpea variety ‘CM-2000’ was selected for evaluating various strategies such as cultural, mechanical, biological, microbial, and chemical control, individually and in various possible combinations, for the management of H. armigera at three different locations. Integration of weeding, hand picking and indoxacarb (an oxadiazine insecticide) proved to be the most effective in reducing the larval population and pod infestation and resulted in the maximum grain yield. The larval population of the combined effect of these practices was not significantly different from hand picking + indoxacarb, weeding + indoxacarb, and indoxacarb alone. Hand picking in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis, and weeding + hand picking, also controlled the larval population significantly, but was inferior to the above treatments. The release of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) did not control H. armigera. It was concluded on the basis of the cost — benefit ratio that hand picking was the most cost-effective method for the control of H. armigera, while the maximum increase in grain yield was obtained in plots with weeding, hand picking, and indoxacarb.  相似文献   

Integrated crop management of chickpea in environments of Bangladesh prone to Botrytis grey mould     

C. Johansen  M.A. Bakr  M. Sirajul Islam  N.A. Mondal  A. Afzal  W.J. MacLeod  S. Pande  K.H.M. Siddique 《Field Crops Research》2008

Botrytis grey mould (BGM) is the major constraint to chickpea production in Bangladesh and is considered primarily responsible for that country's recent drastic decrease in chickpea production. There is no substantial host plant resistance to BGM in current chickpea cultivars, but component studies have developed various agronomic options to manage the disease. These include reduced seed rate, delayed sowing and thinning of plants to ensure an open canopy, and need-based foliar application of fungicide. These components were combined with other agronomic requirements for the target region, such as application of phosphate fertilizer, pest management measures against chickpea pod borer, and fungicidal seed treatment against collar rot. The resultant integrated crop management (ICM) package was compared with normal farmer practice (FP) for chickpea cultivation in farmer-managed, operational scale plots at 100 locations across five districts in western Bangladesh in the 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 seasons. Grain yields in ICM plots were generally 15–50% higher than in FP in both seasons. Conduct of these on-farm evaluations in two additional districts in 2004–2005 gave similar results. In 2004–2005, 505 farmer-managed demonstrations were conducted in the five original districts, giving a 5–104% yield advantage (district means) of ICM over FP. In 2005–2006, 642 demonstrations were conducted across the eight districts giving district-wise yield advantages of 27–70%. Effective implementation of BGM management practices by participating farmers demonstrated that remunerative and reliable chickpea yields could be obtained in this BGM-prone environment. The ICM strategy evolved has relevance to other chickpea growing regions prone to BGM in South Asia, Australia and the Americas. Studies are now required on the adoption of components of the ICM package, and the underlying reasons, to identify any adoption constraints and thus guide further promotion of chickpea cultivation.  相似文献   

Cross‐resistance,the stability of acetamiprid resistance and its effect on the biological parameters of cotton mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal  Sarfraz Ali Shad  Naeem Abbas  Mahmood Ayyaz  William B Walker 《Pest management science》2015,71(1):151-158

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Deltamethrin resistance in the cotton mealybug, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phenacoccus solenopsis</Emphasis> Tinsley: Cross-resistance to other insecticides,fitness cost analysis and realized heritability     

Bushra Saddiq  Naeem Abbas  Sarfraz Ali Shad  Muhammad Aslam  Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal 《Phytoparasitica》2016,44(1):83-90

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is a devastating pest that cause rigorous damage to the number of crops through feeding, managed by using various insecticides. To assess the risk of resistance and design a strategy for resistance management, a field collected population of P. solenopsis was selected with deltamethrin in the laboratory for six generations to investigate the cost to its fitness and to examine cross resistance to different insecticides. Bioassay results at G₈ showed that the deltamethrin selected population (Delta-SEL) developed a resistance ratio of 100-fold compared to that of the unselected population (UNSEL). The deltamethrin resistance population exhibited strong cross-resistance to acetamiprid and lambda-cyhalothrin, but no cross-resistance to profenofos when compared to that of the UNSEL. The relative fitness of the Delta-SEL population was 0.37, with considerably lower survival rates from crawler to second instar, fecundity, hatchability, number of next generation nymphs, net reproductive rate and biotic potential compared with that of the UNSEL. The cost of fitness associated with deltamethrin resistance was evident in the Delta-SEL population. The present study provided useful information for management strategies to overcome development of resistance.  相似文献   

Three minimum tile paths from bacterial artificial chromosome libraries of the soybean (Glycine max cv. 'Forrest'): tools for structural and functional genomics     

JL Shultz  C Yesudas  S Yaegashi  AJ Afzal  S Kazi  DA Lightfoot 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):9-10

Background  

The creation of minimally redundant tile paths (hereafter MTP) from contiguous sets of overlapping clones (hereafter contigs) in physical maps is a critical step for structural and functional genomics. Build 4 of the physical map of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. 'Forrest') showed the 1 Gbp haploid genome was composed of 0.7 Gbp diploid, 0.1 Gbp tetraploid and 0.2 Gbp octoploid regions. Therefore, the size of the unique genome was about 0.8 Gbp. The aim here was to create MTP sub-libraries from the soybean cv. Forrest physical map builds 2 to 4.  相似文献   

A statistical algorithm for comparing mode shapes of vibration testing before and after damage in timbers   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Chuanshuang Hu  Muhammad T. Afzal 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(4):348-352

Instances of local damage in timber such as knots, decay, and cracks can be translated into a reduction of service life due to mechanical and environmental loadings. In wood construction, it is very important to evaluate the weakest location and to detect damage at the earliest possible stage to avoid future catastrophic failure. In this study, modal testing was used on wood beams to generate the first two mode shapes. A novel statistical algorithm was proposed to extract a damage indicator by computing mode shapes of vibration testing before and after damage in timbers. The different damage severities, damage locations, and damage counts were simulated by removing mass from intact beams to verify the algorithm. The results showed that the proposed statistical algorithm is effective and suitable for the designed damage scenarios. It is reliable for the detection and location of local damage of different severities, location, and number. The peak values of the damage indicators computed from the first two mode shapes were sensitive to different damage severities and locations. They were also reliable for the detection of multiple cases of damage.  相似文献   

Synchronized effect of citric acid and phytase supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita          下载免费PDF全文

N. Bano  M. Afzal 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(2):786-792

A 2‐month trial was conducted to record the effect of citric acid and phytase supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in labeo rohita. Nine treatment (T) diets having 0, 500 and 1,000 FTU/KG phytase and 0, 15 and 30 g/kg citric acid were prepared and were designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 diets. There were three replicates for each of the test diets. Fish samples (n = 324) were stocked in different tanks and were fed with T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 diets. Significant (p < .05) increase in growth parameters, apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, gross energy and minerals (Na, K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn) was recorded in fish fed with T9 diets.  相似文献   

Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in the serum of camels (Camelus dromedarius) from central Punjab,Pakistan     

Nazir  Muhammad Mudasser  Oneeb  Muhammad  Ayaz  Muhammad Mazhar  Bibi  Fehmeeda  Ahmad  Atif Nisar  Waheed  Abdul  Sajid  Muhammad Afzal  Sultan  Muhammad Tauseef  Yasin  Ghulam  Lindsay  David S. 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(5):1081-1084

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Infection with the Apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum occurs in domestic and wild animals worldwide. This parasite causes significant economic losses in...  相似文献