Comparing biophysical forest characteristics estimated from photogrammetric matching of aerial images and airborne laser scanning data     

Terje Gobakken  Ole Martin Bollandsås  Erik Næsset 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2015,30(1):73-86

Recent development in aerial digital cameras and software facilitate the photogrammetric point cloud as a new data source in forest management planning. A total of 151 field training plots were distributed systematically within three predefined strata in a 852.6 ha study area located in the boreal forest in southeastern Norway. Stratum-specific regression models were fitted for six studied biophysical forest characteristics. The explanatory variables were various canopy height and canopy density metrics derived by means of photogrammetric matching of aerial images and small-footprint laser scanning. The ground sampling distance was 17 cm for the images and the airborne laser scanning (ALS) pulse density was 7.4 points m^–2. Resampled images were assessed to mimic acquisitions at higher flying altitudes. The digital terrain model derived from the ALS data was used to represent the ground surface. The results were evaluated using 63 independent test stands. When estimating height in young forest and mature forest on poor sites, the root mean square error (RMSE) values were slightly better using data from image matching compared to ALS. However, for all other combinations of biophysical forest characteristics and strata, better results were obtained using ALS data. In general, the best results were found using the highest image resolution.  相似文献   

Implementing urban greening aid projects – The case of St. Petersburg, Russia     

Kjell Nilsson  Ulrika kerlund  Cecil C. Konijnendijk  Alexander Alekseev  Ole H. Caspersen  Susanne Guldager  Evgeny Kuznetsov  Alexander Mezenko  Andrey Selikhovkin 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2007,6(2):93-101

Recent years have seen the introduction of the concept of urban greening, defined as embracing the planning and management of all urban vegetation to create or add values to the local community. Green-space development has become recognised by international agencies and donors as important tool in improving the quality of urban livelihoods and urban environment. This paper evaluates an example of an urban greening aid project, carried out by Danish and Russian partners in the city of St. Petersburg, Russia. The project aimed to contribute to conservation and development of the cultural–historical, social and ecological values of St. Petersburg's urban green areas by implementing a structured, socially inclusive, well-informed planning and management approach. The project had three main components: (1) the development of a GIS-based information system to assist green-space planning and management; (2) on-site improvements in selected green areas and (3) awareness raising and public involvement activities. Ex post evaluation of the project showed that in spite of the limits of time and resources, important results were achieved. A more strategic approach to urban green-space planning and management, as promoted by urban greening, was adapted by some of the Russian project partners. Achievements also included notable physical improvements to one park. But the main project impacts were improved communication and collaboration between the local park department and local academia, as well as expertise developed in running a complex urban greening project. The project failed, however, in its public involvement ambitions.Moreover, the project should have facilitated discussion on some of the current premises of urban green-space planning and management in St. Petersburg, which insufficiently consider changing values and public preferences related to green spaces.  相似文献   

A case of lupine poisoning of animals     

V A Plakhota  N K Bereziuk  G V Ole?nik  V P Bo?ko 《Veterinariia》1966,43(8):79-81

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Effect of freezing and thawing on microbial activity and glyphosate degradation in two Norwegian soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Stenrød M  Eklo OM  Charnay MP  Benoit P 《Pest management science》2005,61(9):887-898

Little research has been done on pesticide dissipation in cold climates and there is a need to focus on the influence of climate on pesticide degradation in soil. Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, is a herbicide frequently used for controlling perennial weeds through application after harvest and was used as a model compound for this study. The effect of freeze-thaw activity on the availability of glyphosate in soil, and consequently its mineralization by soil microorganisms, was studied through laboratory incubations of repacked soil cores treated with 14C-labelled glyphosate and subjected to different freeze-thaw treatments. Winter simulation regimes applied were constant thaw (+5 degrees C), constant freezing (-5 degrees C), unstable conditions with short fluctuations (24 h of -5 degrees C followed by 24 h of +5 degrees C), and long duration fluctuations (3 weeks of -5 degrees C followed by 3 weeks of +5 degrees C). Distribution of 14C-glyphosate was followed during the incubation through measurements of the mineralized fraction (14CO2), soil water fraction, KOH extractable fraction, and non-extractable fraction. Microbial parameters used to characterize the soils were estimates of size of microbial biomass, overall microbial activity and microbial diversity. The constant freezing treatment exhibited the lowest amount of glyphosate mineralization. The constant thawed treatment and the treatments with fluctuating temperature exhibited significantly increased mineralization. These results were in accordance with the observed concentration of glyphosate in soil water; the higher the activity, the lower the concentration. The amount of glyphosate extractable with KOH and the resulting non-extractable fraction, however, were not significantly affected by soil type or temperature regime. The glyphosate mineralization pattern was comparable with the overall microbial activity in the soils. Observed different levels of diversity might explain some of the difference in total glyphosate mineralization between soils.  相似文献   

Induction of Beet-Cyst Nematode Suppressiveness by the Fungi Dactylella oviparasitica and Fusarium oxysporum in Field Microplots     

Olatinwo R  Borneman J  Becker JO 《Phytopathology》2006,96(8):855-859

ABSTRACT The ability of Dactylella oviparasitica and Fusarium oxysporum to suppress Heterodera schachtii numbers was examined in field microplots. Fungi were individually added to fumigated field soil that was seeded with sugar beet. Four weeks later, soils were infested with H. schachtii second-stage juveniles (J2). At two harvests, 11 weeks and 19 weeks (1,469 and 2,547 degree days (base 8 degrees C), respectively) after nematode-infestation, H. schachtii cyst and egg numbers were assessed. At both time points, D. oviparasitica reduced H. schachtii population densities to those in the naturally suppressive soil, even when additional H. schachtii J2 were added to the microplots after the first harvest. Although F. oxy-sporum did not alter H. schachtii population densities after 11 weeks, significant reductions were detected after 19 weeks. The sustainability of the H. schachtii suppressiveness created by single applications of the fungi at the beginning of the microplot trials was further examined in a greenhouse study. Soil collected at the completion of the microplot trials was potted and seeded with sugar beet. Four weeks later, each pot was infested with H. schachtii J2. Approximately 16 weeks (1,389 degree days) after seeding, the D. oviparasitica-amended soil produced greater fresh root weights and considerably smaller nematode population densities than the nonamended control.  相似文献   

Public policy and veterinary medicine     

N. Ole Nielsen  Bonnie Buntain  Barry Stemshorn  Brian Evans 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(4):389-390

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Functions for estimating aboveground biomass of birch in Norway     

Aaron Smith  Aksel Granhus  Rasmus Astrup  Ole Martin Bollandsås  Hans Petersson 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(6):565-578

A suite of regional allometric aboveground biomass functions were derived for Betula pubescens and Betula pendula for Norwegian conditions. The data consisted of 67 trees sampled throughout Norway. A total of 14 component functions were developed for total aboveground, total stem, stemwood, stem bark, live crown, live branch, leaf, and dead branch biomass using combinations of diameter at breast height and height as predictor variables. Application of the derived functions to existing local southern Norwegian mountain birch and regional Swedish biomass datasets indicated an overall good predictive ability of the developed functions. However, the functions produced slight underestimates, suggesting that the respective birch populations had differing biomass allocation patterns. When the developed functions were applied to Norwegian National Forest Inventory data, they produced slightly higher biomass stock and stock change estimates than what is obtained using existing Swedish functions. The higher estimates were evident in the north, central, and western part of Norway, while estimates were similar in southeastern Norway where growing conditions are most similar to Swedish conditions. The analysis indicates that the derived functions are the best available for regional birch biomass stock and stock change estimation in Norway.  相似文献   

"Untypical aging off-flavor" in wine: synthesis of potential degradation compounds of indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenine and their evaluation as precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone     

Hoenicke K  Borchert O  Grüning K  Simat TJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(15):4303-4309

Kynurenine (1) and indole-3-acetic acid (2) are considered as potential precursors of 2-aminoacetophenone (3), which is regarded to be the aroma impact compound causing an "untypical aging off-flavor" (UTA) in Vitis vinifera wines. The mechanism of the formation of 3 was studied using model fermentation and model sulfuration media spiked with 1 or 2 as potential precursors. Possible degradation products such as kynurenamine (4) and kynurenic acid (5), or skatole (6), 2-oxoskatole (7), 2-formamidoacetophenone (8), 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (9), and 3-(2-formylaminophenyl)-3-oxopropionic acid (10) were evaluated by HPLC-UV of the fermentation and sulfuration media and comparison with synthesized 7, 8, 9, and 10. The synthesis of the possible precursor 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid (11), a proposed metabolite of 1 failed because a spontaneous cyclization yields 5 and N-oxo-kynurenic acid (12), but not 11. It could be shown that the formation of 3 is triggered by an oxidative degradation of 2 after sulfuration with potassium bisulfite via the intermediates 10 and 8. However, no formation of 3 occurred during sulfuration of a model wine spiked with 1 or during fermentation of a model must spiked with 1 or 2.  相似文献   

Growth-related micromorphological characteristics of the porcine common carotid artery     

Andrea Nies  Lilly Proft  Marie E. Nehring  Christian Gruber  Henrieke Sievers  Hana Hünigen  Ole Gemeinhardt  Kenneth C. Richardson  Bernhard Hiebl 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2020,49(5):620-626

The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about the micromorphology of the porcine common carotid artery (CCA) during the period of growth over the bodyweight range of 10–40 kg. CCA samples from German landrace pigs (DL) aged either 2 or 3 months (DL-2 and DL-3) were compared with samples from Göttingen minipigs (GM) aged either 18 or 40 months (GM-18 and GM-40) using transmitted light (phase-contrast mode) and transmission electron microscopy. The GM-18, GM-40 and the DL-3 groups had typical muscular artery histological characteristics. Contrasting to this, the 2-month-old DL pigs had a transitional artery type being characterized by a significantly higher proportion of elastic fibres and a significantly lower number of smooth muscle cells than did the 1 month older DL-3. During the period of maturation, the tunica media of the CCA in GM animals thickened by 1.3× and in DL animals by 2.5× resulting in an overall increased vessel wall thickness. The cumulated thickness of the tunica interna (endothelium, stratum subendotheliale and internal elastic lamina) and the tunica media (including the external elastic lamina) of DL-3 and GM-40 pigs were similar to each other and comparable to that of humans. With an increasing vessel wall thickness, the luminal diameter decreased in GM by 19% and in DL by 11%. Additionally, in the older age groups, GM-40 and DL-3, the internal elastic lamina principally was continuous, but there were also interrupted large segments of elastic lamina separated by gaps. In addition, the principal internal elastic lamina was duplicated in several places.  相似文献   

Modelling the advection and diffusion of eggs and larvae of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the north-east Arctic   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bjørn Ådlandsvik  Agnes C. Gundersen  Kjell H. Nedreaas  Anne Stene  Ole T. Albert 《Fisheries Oceanography》2004,13(6):403-415

Since the late 1980s there has been considerable uncertainty in recruitment levels of the north‐east Arctic stock of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). The abundance of several year classes, originally considered very low at 0–3 yr age, appeared higher than expected at the age of 6+. This may be due to poor targeting of recruitment surveys of the younger year classes. The present work considers the transport and dispersion of eggs and larvae of Greenland halibut by numerical modelling in order to predict the locations of the initial recruitment grounds. Current fields from a 3D baroclinic hydrodynamic model are fed into a Lagrangian particle‐tracking model developed for the Barents Sea area. The particles are released into the current at the spawning field along the shelf slope from Lofoten to Bear Island (69–75°N). Vertically, the particles can follow a predefined depth‐by‐age curve or be kept at a fixed depth. This model system is used for different years to examine changes in the drift pattern. The results indicate that spawning location, transport depth and inflowing activity to the Barents Sea are important factors influencing the distribution of juveniles.  相似文献