Quantitative analysis of anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging triterpenoid esters in evening primrose seeds     

Zaugg J  Potterat O  Plescher A  Honermeier B  Hamburger M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6623-6628

Lipophilic triterpenoidal esters with radical scavenging and cyclooxygenase inhibitory properties were recently found in cold-pressed, nonraffinated evening primrose oil (EPO). A quantitative assay for the analysis of 3-O-trans-caffeoyl derivatives of betulinic, morolic, and oleanolic acid in evening primrose seeds was developed and validated. Extraction efficiency >99% was achieved by means of pressurized liquid extraction with two extraction cycles and 80% (v/v) ethanol at 120 degrees C. Analysis of esters was by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a Diol column and hexane/ethyl acetate (containing 0.1% formic acid) (65:35) as the eluent. The analytes were determined without further prepurification. Seeds from defined cultures of Oenothera biennis, Oenothera lamarckiana, and Oenothera ammophila, grown under identical conditions, were analyzed. The cultures originated from seeds from eight collections in the wild and from selections from five cultivars. The content of total triterpenoidal esters in seeds varied between 1.34 and 2.78 mg/g. Three types of qualitative patterns were observed for the triterpenoidal esters. The influence of different harvest times and plant treatments was studied with the cultivar Anothera. Variations between 1.5 and 2.3 mg/g were found.  相似文献   

Authentication of the botanical and geographical origin of honey by mid-infrared spectroscopy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ruoff K  Luginbühl W  Künzli R  Iglesias MT  Bogdanov S  Bosset JO  von der Ohe K  von der Ohe W  Amado R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6873-6880

The potential of Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR) using an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell was evaluated for the authentication of 11 unifloral (acacia, alpine rose, chestnut, dandelion, heather, lime, rape, fir honeydew, metcalfa honeydew, oak honeydew) and polyfloral honey types (n = 411 samples) previously classified with traditional methods such as chemical, pollen, and sensory analysis. Chemometric evaluation of the spectra was carried out by applying principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis, the error rates of the discriminant models being calculated by using Bayes' theorem. The error rates ranged from <0.1% (polyfloral and heather honeys as well as honeydew honeys from metcalfa, oak, and fir) to 8.3% (alpine rose honey) in both jackknife classification and validation, depending on the honey type considered. This study indicates that ATR-MIR spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the authentication of the botanical origin and quality control and may also be useful for the determination of the geographical origin of honey.  相似文献   

Hierarchical action and inhibition of plant Dicer-like proteins in antiviral defense     

Deleris A  Gallego-Bartolome J  Bao J  Kasschau KD  Carrington JC  Voinnet O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5783):68-71

The mechanisms underlying induction and suppression of RNA silencing in the ongoing plant-virus arms race are poorly understood. We show here that virus-derived small RNAs produced by Arabidopsis Dicer-like 4 (DCL4) program an effector complex conferring antiviral immunity. Inhibition of DCL4 by a viral-encoded suppressor revealed the subordinate antiviral activity of DCL2. Accordingly, inactivating both DCL2 and DCL4 was necessary and sufficient to restore systemic infection of a suppressor-deficient virus. The effects of DCL2 were overcome by increasing viral dosage in inoculated leaves, but this could not surmount additional, non-cell autonomous effects of DCL4 specifically preventing viral unloading from the vasculature. These findings define a molecular framework for studying antiviral silencing and defense in plants.  相似文献   

Wnt gradient formation requires retromer function in Wnt-producing cells     

Coudreuse DY  Roël G  Betist MC  Destrée O  Korswagen HC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5775):921-924

Wnt proteins function as morphogens that can form long-range concentration gradients to pattern developing tissues. Here, we show that the retromer, a multiprotein complex involved in intracellular protein trafficking, is required for long-range signaling of the Caenorhabditis elegans Wnt ortholog EGL-20. The retromer functions in EGL-20-producing cells to allow the formation of an EGL-20 gradient along the anteroposterior axis. This function is evolutionarily conserved, because Wnt target gene expression is also impaired in the absence of the retromer complex in vertebrates. These results demonstrate that the ability of Wnt to regulate long-range patterning events is dependent on a critical and conserved function of the retromer complex within Wnt-producing cells.  相似文献   

Detecting pyrethroid resistance in predatory mites inhabiting soil and litter: an in vitro test          下载免费PDF全文

Marine El Adouzi  Olivier Bonato  Lise Roy 《Pest management science》2017,73(6):1258-1266

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Community livelihood and patterns of natural resources uses in the shrimp‐farm impacted Mekong Delta     

Olivier Marc Joffre  Klaus Schmitt 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(12):1855-1866

This case study looks at changing livelihood strategies of the coastal population in Soc Trang Province in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and their impacts on natural resources. It provides an opportunity not only to document the impact of shrimp farming on coastal livelihood but also to better understand the link between brackish water aquaculture development and natural resource use. The approach includes a socio‐economic survey in six villages of the province focusing on risk strategies and livelihood diversification. Shrimp farming was found to be less risky and more profitable for households and private companies with a higher investment capacity than for poorer households. Households facing a high risk in shrimp farming diversified their aquaculture production, with other high‐value species like mud crab and elongated goby as a coping mechanism. The use of natural resources' collection is shifting from home consumption towards market‐oriented sales of juvenile mud crabs, clams or fish (elongated goby) to supply seed for brackish water aquaculture developments.  相似文献   

Implication of human drug transporters to toxicokinetics and toxicity of pesticides     

Nelly Guniche  Arnaud Bruyere  Marc Le Ve  Olivier Fardel 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):18-25

Human membrane drug transporters are recognized as major actors of pharmacokinetics. Pesticides also interact with human drug transporters, which may have consequences for pesticide toxicokinetics and toxicity. The present review summarizes key findings about this topic. In vitro assays have demonstrated that some pesticides, belonging to various chemical classes, modulate drug transporter activity, regulate transporter expression and/or are substrates, thus bringing the proof of concept for pesticide‐transporter relationships. The expected low human concentration of pesticides in response to environmental exposure constitutes a key‐parameter to be kept in mind for judging the in vivo relevance of such pesticide‐transporter interactions and their consequences for human health. Existing data about interactions of pesticides with drug transporters remain, however, rather sparse; more extensive and systematic characterization of pesticide‐transporter relationships, through the use of high throughput in vitro assays and/or in silico methods, is, therefore, required. In addition, consideration of transporter polymorphisms, pesticide mixture effects and physiological and pathological factors governing drug transporter expression may help to better define the in vivo relevance of pesticide‐transporter interactions in terms of toxicokinetics and toxicity for humans. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Screening for durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivar resistance to drought stress using an integrated physiological approach     

Guellim  Amira  Hirel  Bertrand  Chabrerie  Olivier  Catterou  Manuella  Tetu  Thierry  Dubois  Frédéric  Ahmed  Hela Ben  Kichey  Thomas 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2020,23(4):355-365

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses with a detrimental impact on plant growth and development irrespective of the developmental stage. Thus,...  相似文献   

Double dose efficiency of the yellow rust resistance gene Yr17 in bread wheat lines     

Olivier Coriton  Joseph Jahier  Marc Leconte  Virginie Huteau  Gwenn Trotoux  Françoise Dedryver  Claude de-Vallavieille-Pope 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(2):263-271

Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most severe wheat disease worldwide. Crop losses have ranged from 10% to 70% and up to 100% in extreme conditions. Eighty-two resistance genes, designated Yr, have been identified. Among them, Yr17 derived from Aegilops ventricosa and located on chromosome 2A has been widely used in wheat breeding. However, it had been overcome already. Through recombination of the Ae. ventricosa Yr17-carrying 6N^v chromosome with 2D of wheat, we introduced Yr17 onto chromosome 2D. Then, lines carrying Yr17 on both 2A and 2D were generated. Seedlings of the latter, as well as those carrying a single dose of Yr17 either on 2A or on 2D, were inoculated with virulent or avirulent strains on wheat seedlings. The different genotypes were fully susceptible for the two pathotypes that are virulent on Yr17. In the case of avirulent pathotypes, the Yr17 double dose lines were fully resistant, while those with the Yr17 gene only on either 2A or 2D had intermediate resistance reactions towards one or the other or both pathotypes.  相似文献   

Book review: Limnology in developing countries,Vol. 1, edited by B. Gopal and R.G. Wetzel,International Scientific Publications Publishers,New Delhi,India, 1995, vii + 230 pp. Free for SIL members. ISBN 81 86047 14 X.     

Olivier A. E. Sparagano 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》1997,7(2):181-181

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