Scale invariant feature approach for insect monitoring     

Luis O. Solis-Sánchez  Rodrigo Castañeda-Miranda  Juan J. García-EscalanteIrineo Torres-Pacheco  Ramón G. Guevara-GonzálezCelina L. Castañeda-Miranda  Pedro D. Alaniz-Lumbreras 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,75(1):92-99

One of the main problems in greenhouse crop production is the presence of pests. In order to address this problem, the implementation of a Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system involving the detection and classification of insects (pests) is essential for intensive production systems. Traditionally, this has been done by placing hunting traps in fields or greenhouses and later manually counting and identifying the insects found. This is a very time-consuming and expensive process. To facilitate this process, it is possible to use machine vision techniques. This work describes an application of the machine vision system LOSS V2 algorithm, an expanded version of the LOSS algorithm discussed in a previous work by the same authors. This expanded version demonstrated improved potential and was used to detect and identify the following pest species: Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Lacewings (Lacewings spp.), Aphids (Aphis gossypii Genn.), Glassy (Empoasca spp.), Thrips (Thrips tabaci L.), and Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). The algorithm identifies pest presence in the crop and makes it possible for the greenhouse manager to take the appropriate preventive or corrective measures. The LOSS V2 involves the application of the LOSS algorithm for initial pest identification, followed by the application of the image processing technique known as scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). This allows for more accurate pest detection because it is possible to discriminate and identify different types of insects. Therefore, when compared to manual pest counting, the newly developed LOSS V2 algorithm showed more precision in identifying different pest varieties, and also, a much higher determination coefficient, R² = 0.99.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization and genetic relationships among most common identified morphotypes of critically endangered rare Moroccan species Argania spinosa (Sapotaceae) using RAPD and SSR markers     

Khalid Majourhat  Youssef Jabbar  Abdellatif Hafidi  Pedro Martínez-Gómez 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(8):805-805

? The objective of this work is the molecular characterization of most common identified morphotypes of critically endangered rare Moroccan species Argania spinosa.

? Eighteen RAPD markers and twenty SSR markers have been assayed in 38 argan tree accessions from the three most commonly identified morphotypes: oval, spherical and spindle fruit types.

? A total of 140 polymorphic RAPD bands were detected out of 146 bands. The number of presumed alleles revealed by the SSR analysis ranged from 1 to 5 alleles per locus with a total number of 32 alleles identified. Results demonstrated an extensive genetic variability within the tested argan accessions. RAPDs presented a high level of polymorphism and greater information content than SSRs.

? Our results could indicate that Vitellaria paradoxa is genetically closer to argan than Manilkara huberi. In addition, the correlation between the clustering based on RAPD and SSR markers were in general low. The observed clustering could be better explained according to geographic proximity than morphotype. For this reason the traditional morphological characterization of the argan accessions in morphotypes (according to fruit phenotype) seem not to be in correlation to the real genetic background (genotype) of this specie. The implications of these results in the creation of effective germplasm core collection in argan have been also discussed.

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Assessing phenotypic,biochemical, and molecular diversity in coriander (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coriandrum sativum</Emphasis> L.) germplasm     

Pedro A. López  Mark P. Widrlechner  Philipp W. Simon  Satish Rai  Terri D. Boylston  Terry A. Isbell  Theodore B. Bailey  Candice A. Gardner  Lester A. Wilson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(2):247-275

Our goals for this research were to elucidate phenotypic and biochemical diversity in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) populations maintained at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, IA, and examine relationships between amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and patterns of phenotypic and biochemical diversity. Phenotypic and biochemical traits were evaluated, and analyses of variance and mean comparisons were performed on the resulting data sets. Euclidean distances from phenotypic (PD) and biochemical (BD) data were estimated, and modified Rogers’ distances (RD) were estimated for 80 polymorphic AFLP markers. These data were subjected to cluster analyses (CA) and principal components analyses (PCA), to reveal patterns among populations, and to analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for grouping patterns from PD and BD by using the 80 polymorphic AFLP markers. Resulting phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular distance matrices were also compared by applying Mantel tests. Our results describe significant differences among populations for all the phenotypic traits, and dendrograms obtained from PD and BD revealed complex phenetic patterns, as did groups from PCA. The primary seed essential oils and nearly all fatty-acid components were identified and their abundance measured; the primary chemical constituents of corresponding PCA groups are described herein. Molecular evidence supported phenotypic and biochemical subgroups. However, variation attributed among subgroups and groups was very low (∼4–6%), while variation among populations within groups was intermediate (∼24–26%), and that within populations was large (∼69–70%), reflecting weak differentiation among subgroups and groups, which was confirmed by values for fixation indices. Phenotypic subgroups described in this study differed somewhat from previous infraspecific classifications. Weak correlations were found between the phenotypic and biochemical matrices and between the biochemical and AFLP matrices. No correlation was found between the phenotypic and AFLP matrices. These results may be related to coriander’s phenotypic plasticity, its wide range in lifecycle duration, its predominantly allogamous reproductive biology, a human-selection process focused on special traits that may be controlled by few genes, and the widespread trade of coriander seeds as a spice, which may result in dynamic, poorly differentiated molecular variation, even when phenotypic and biochemical differentiation is easily documented. The U. S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.  相似文献   

Nutritional changes in petiole sap over space and time in a tomato crop greenhouse     

Alfonso Llanderal  Pedro García-Caparrós  María L. Segura  Juana I. Contreras 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(10):1205-1217

The aims of this trial were to determine the spatial and temporal variability of the nutrients in petiole sap in a tomato crop under greenhouse and to determine the number of sub-samples for a representative sample. The experiment consisted of the selection of 20 sampling points. Petiole of fully expanded leaf was collected weekly in order to determine Cl, NO₃-N, H₂PO₄-P, SO₄-S, Na, K, Ca and Mg concentrations. Our results showed that variations of NO₃-N, Na, Ca and K concentrations in sap were affected by the spatial distribution, whereas SO₄-S and Mg concentrations in sap were affected by their temporal distribution. The spatial variability of our experiment could be related to radiation, yield and antagonism between nutrients, whereas the time variability could be related to the phenological stage of the plant and the antagonism between nutrients. The suggested number of petiole sub-sample ranging from 25 to 113 depending on nutrient.  相似文献   

How can my research paper be useful for future meta-analyses on forest restoration plantations?     

Andivia  Enrique  Villar-Salvador  Pedro  Oliet  Juan A.  Puértolas  Jaime  Dumroese  R. Kasten 《New Forests》2019,50(2):255-266

New Forests - Statistical meta-analysis is a powerful and useful tool to quantitatively synthesize the information conveyed in published studies on a particular topic. It allows identifying and...  相似文献   

Native leguminous plants for mineland revegetation in the eastern Amazon: seed characteristics and germination     

Ramos  Silvio Junio  Caldeira  Cecílio Frois  Gastauer  Markus  Costa  Deborah Luciany Pires  Furtini Neto  Antonio Eduardo  de Souza  Filipe Bittencourt Machado  Souza-Filho  Pedro Walfir Martins  Siqueira  Jose Oswaldo 《New Forests》2019,50(5):859-872

New Forests - For the effective use of native plants for mineland revegetation, an understanding of seed dormancy break and germination requirements, and seed storage tolerance is indispensable. In...  相似文献   

Integrative analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome by the modENCODE project     

Gerstein MB  Lu ZJ  Van Nostrand EL  Cheng C  Arshinoff BI  Liu T  Yip KY  Robilotto R  Rechtsteiner A  Ikegami K  Alves P  Chateigner A  Perry M  Morris M  Auerbach RK  Feng X  Leng J  Vielle A  Niu W  Rhrissorrakrai K  Agarwal A  Alexander RP  Barber G  Brdlik CM  Brennan J  Brouillet JJ  Carr A  Cheung MS  Clawson H  Contrino S  Dannenberg LO  Dernburg AF  Desai A  Dick L  Dosé AC  Du J  Egelhofer T  Ercan S  Euskirchen G  Ewing B  Feingold EA  Gassmann R  Good PJ  Green P  Gullier F  Gutwein M  Guyer MS  Habegger L  Han T  Henikoff JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6012):1775-1787

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How cats lap: water uptake by Felis catus     

Reis PM  Jung S  Aristoff JM  Stocker R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6008):1231-1234

Animals have developed a range of drinking strategies depending on physiological and environmental constraints. Vertebrates with incomplete cheeks use their tongue to drink; the most common example is the lapping of cats and dogs. We show that the domestic cat (Felis catus) laps by a subtle mechanism based on water adhesion to the dorsal side of the tongue. A combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveals that Felis catus exploits fluid inertia to defeat gravity and pull liquid into the mouth. This competition between inertia and gravity sets the lapping frequency and yields a prediction for the dependence of frequency on animal mass. Measurements of lapping frequency across the family Felidae support this prediction, which suggests that the lapping mechanism is conserved among felines.  相似文献   

Landscape metrics for characterization of forest landscapes in a sustainable management framework: Potential application and prevention of misuse     

Emilio R. Diaz-Varela  Manuel F. Marey-Pérez  Antonio Rigueiro-Rodriguez  Pedro Álvarez-Álvarez 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(3):301-301

? The use of landscape indices in the analysis of forest landscapes offers great potential for integration of spatial pattern information in management processes, but requires understanding of the limitations and correct interpretation of results. In this sense, awareness of scale effects on landscape indices is essential, especially when the data available is restricted to low-resolution maps.

? In this study, developed within the framework of the FORSEE project, the objective was to define accurately the potential usefulness of applying landscape indices to low-resolution maps commonly used in forestry studies. Landscape indices were applied to two maps differing in spatial resolution, and subsets were defined for three spatial extensions. Correlation analysis and comparison of the results were carried out to enable identification of the most suitable indices for use with low resolution data.

? The analysis enabled identification of the least scale-dependent indices, which are thus more useful for extrapolating results from low-resolution data. In general terms, diversity and edge indices provided the best results.

? We conclude that some (but not all) of the landscape indices can be used to analyse low-resolution maps with acceptable results. Additional advice is made to prevent misuse of the application of landscape indices.

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Genetic structure and phylogeography of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus phoenicea</Emphasis> complex throughout Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions: different stories in one     

Pedro Sánchez-Gómez  Juan F. Jiménez  Jose Luis Cánovas  Juan Bautista Vera  Isabell Hensen  Miloud Aouissat 《Annals of Forest Science》2018,75(3):75

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