Site fidelity,survival and conservation options for the threatened flapper skate (Dipturus cf. intermedia)          下载免费PDF全文

Francis Neat  Cecilia Pinto  Ian Burrett  Lewis Cowie  Justin Travis  James Thorburn  Fiona Gibb  Peter J. Wright 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(1):6-20

Habitat suitability,coverage by protected areas and population connectivity for the Siamese crocodile Crocodylus siamensis Schneider, 1801          下载免费PDF全文

Flora Ihlow  René Bonke  Timo Hartmann  Peter Geissler  Natascha Behler  Dennis Rödder 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(4):544-554

Environmental associations with broad‐scale Japanese and Taiwanese pelagic longline effort in the southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans          下载免费PDF全文

Pamela E. Michael  Geoffrey N. Tuck  Peter Strutton  Alistair Hobday 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(5):478-493

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Understanding the impact of growing conditions on oysters: a study of their sensory and biochemical characteristics          下载免费PDF全文

Maëva Cochet  Malcolm Brown  Peter Kube  Nick Elliott  Conor Delahunty 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(3):637-646

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How Could Agricultural Land Systems Contribute to Raise Food Production Under Global Change?          下载免费PDF全文

WU Wen-bin  YU Qiang-yi  Verburg H Peter  YOU Liang-zhi  YANG Peng  TANG Hua-jun 《农业科学学报》2014,13(7):1432-1442

To feed the increasing world population, more food needs to be produced from agricultural land systems. Solutions to produce more food with fewer resources while minimizing adverse environmental and ecological consequences require sustainable agricultural land use practices as supplementary to advanced biotechnology and agronomy. This review paper, from a land system perspective, systematically proposed and analyzed three interactive strategies that could possibly raise future food production under global change. By reviewing the current literatures, we suggest that cropland expansion is less possible amid fierce land competition, and it is likely to do less in increasing food production. Moreover, properly allocating crops in space and time is a practical way to ensure food production. Climate change, dietary shifts, and other socio-economic drivers, which would shape the demand and supply side of food systems, should be taken into consideration during the decision-making on rational land management in respect of sustainable crop choice and allocation. And finally, crop-specific agricultural intensification would play a bigger role in raising future food production either by increasing the yield per unit area of individual crops or by increasing the number of crops sown on a particular area of land. Yet, only when it is done sustainably is this a much more effective strategy to maximize food production by closing yield and harvest gaps.  相似文献   

Interpretation of Climate Change and Agricultural Adaptations by Local Household Farmers: a Case Study at Bin County,Northeast China          下载免费PDF全文

YU Qiang-yi  WU Wen-bin  LIU Zhen-huan  Peter H Verburg  XIA Tian  YANG Peng  LU Zhongjun  YOU Liang-zhi  TANG Hua-jun 《农业科学学报》2014,13(7):1599-1608

Although climate change impacts and agricultural adaptations have been studied extensively, how smallholder farmers perceive climate change and adapt their agricultural activities is poorly understood. Survey-based data (presents farmers' personal perceptions and adaptations to climate change) associated with external biophysical-socioeconomic data (presents real-world climate change) were used to develop a farmer-centered framework to explore climate change impacts and agricultural adaptations at a local level. A case study at Bin County (1980s–2010s), Northeast China, suggested that increased annual average temperature (0.6°C per decade) and decreased annual precipitation (46 mm per decade, both from meteorological datasets) were correctly perceived by 76 and 66.9%, respectively, of farmers from the survey, and that a longer growing season was confirmed by 70% of them. These reasonably correct perceptions enabled local farmers to make appropriate adaptations to cope with climate change: Longer season alternative varieties were found for maize and rice, which led to a significant yield increase for both crops. The longer season also affected crop choice: More farmers selected maize instead of soybean, as implicated from survey results by a large increase in the maize growing area. Comparing warming-related factors, we found that precipitation and agricultural disasters were the least likely causes for farmers' agricultural decisions. As a result, crop and variety selection, rather than disaster prevention and infrastructure improvement, was the most common ways for farmers to adapt to the notable warming trend in the study region.  相似文献   

Biochar and Conservation Agriculture Nexus: Synergy and Research Gaps for Enhanced Sustainable Productivity in Degraded Soils—Review     

Prince Chinedu Peter 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(3):389-403

Degrading soil quality and productivity are major global challenges exacerbated by climate change and management practices. The dwindling global economy calls for other cost-effective approaches to address these challenges. This study reviewed a number of literatures on degraded soils, conservation agriculture (CA), and biochar soil amendment. The aim is to establish a base for more appropriate policy decisions and support for research on CA and biochar soil amendment nexus, which will enable the design of profitable and sustainable farming systems. Studies have highlighted the positive effects of CA practice, yet the adoption is low and some shortfalls have been reported. Likewise in the application of biochar as soil amendment, positive soil transformations have been recorded and some lapses. It is therefore imperative to explore the possibility of merging the two practices to see if the effects are complimentary, additive, or opposing in which case the positive values could be lost.  相似文献   

Mineralogical and Textural Characteristics of Soils of Hancheng and Shannxi Province,China     

Peter Oko Ogbaji  Jianmin Li  Xuzhang Xue  Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian  Anthony Egrinya Eneji 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(3):286-290

Studies were conducted to investigate mineralogical and textural characteristics of Hancheng soils in relation to fertility status, mineralogical, and particle size distribution properties, which were determined from soil samples of the profile pits in 2014. Prepared representative clay fraction samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction analysis for mineralogical characterization. The results show dominant of quartz, attributed to high granitic parent materials with a range of 65.7–84.6% mean 54.1%, moganite 59.8%, albite 12.0–26.3% mean 21.03%, flusston 18.1%, calcium magnesium silicate 10.6%, muscovite 7.8%, olivine 1.8%, and illite 1.6% were detected. The particle size distribution analysis revealed sand fraction of 28.12–30.12% mean 29.1%, 22.12–28.12% mean 25.1%; silt 34.0–36.0% mean 35%, 32.0–38.0% mean 35%; and clay 35.9–35.9% mean 35.9%, 35.9–43.9% mean 32.6% surface and subsurface soils respectively. Texture classes of the soils were clay loam to clay apredominantly clay loam. The mineralogical and textural characteristics are important in relation to soil fertility, which allow farmers to adapt crop management practices with real soil situation.  相似文献   

Identification of pathogenic fungi and preliminary screening for resistance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> L. germplasm     

Lissette C. Hernández-Cubero  Peter Ampofo  Juan M. Montes  Ralf T. Voegele 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(2):325-337

Sexual reproduction in fungi is controlled by mating type genes, which are located at the MAT locus. In this study, we investigated the structure of this locus in the phytopathogenic fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot disease. Despite intensive study, its sexual state has never been observed in single-spore culture. Through analysis of the genome sequences of two individual P. citricarpa isolates, the sequence of the DNA lyase gene was identified and, as previously reported in the literature, the mating type genes were located in the 3′ flanking region of this gene. The results suggested that P. citricarpa is heterothallic, owing to the exclusive presence of the MAT1–1 or MAT1–2 gene in individual strains. In order to characterize the MAT locus, we designed primers to amplify this region. P. citricarpa was found to have complete and apparently functional copies of MAT genes, containing α-1 and HMG domains, present in different isolates. In addition to MAT1–2-1 and MAT1–1-1 genes, the MAT1–1-4 gene was located in the 5′ flanking region of the MAT1–1-1 gene and the MAT1–2-5 gene was located in 5′ flanking region of the MAT1–2-1 gene. A multiplex PCR protocol was also developed to differentiate P. citricarpa idiomorphs, which can be used in distribution and incidence studies of mating type strains, in order to determine the occurrence of sexual reproduction and to facility crossing studies. Furthermore, in Brazil, the two idiomorphs occur in a 1:1 ratio, which is expected in sexually reproducing populations.  相似文献   

The large‐scale removal of mammalian invasive alien species in Northern Europe          下载免费PDF全文

Peter A Robertson  Tim Adriaens  Xavier Lambin  Aileen Mill  Sugoto Roy  Craig M Shuttleworth  Mike Sutton‐Croft 《Pest management science》2017,73(2):273-279

Numerous examples exist of successful mammalian invasive alien species (IAS) eradications from small islands (<10 km²), but few from more extensive areas. We review 15 large‐scale removals (mean area 2627 km²) from Northern Europe since 1900, including edible dormouse, muskrat, coypu, Himalayan porcupine, Pallas' and grey squirrels and American mink, each primarily based on daily checking of static traps. Objectives included true eradication or complete removal to a buffer zone, as distinct from other programmes that involved local control to limit damage or spread. Twelve eradication/removal programmes (80%) were successful. Cost increased with and was best predicted by area, while the cost per unit area decreased; the number of individual animals removed did not add significantly to the model. Doubling the area controlled reduced cost per unit area by 10%, but there was no evidence that cost effectiveness had increased through time. Compared with small islands, larger‐scale programmes followed similar patterns of effort in relation to area. However, they brought challenges when defining boundaries and consequent uncertainties around costs, the definition of their objectives, confirmation of success and different considerations for managing recolonisation. Novel technologies or increased use of volunteers may reduce costs. Rapid response to new incursions is recommended as best practice rather than large‐scale control to reduce the environmental, financial and welfare costs. © 2016 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献