Evaluating a novel analgesic strategy for ring castration of ram lambs     

Paull DR  Small AH  Lee C  Palladin P  Colditz IG 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(5):539-549

Objective To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the NSAIDs flunixin and meloxicam administered locally to the scrotum before ring castration. Study design Randomised, controlled, prospective study. Animals Forty eight single born male Merino lambs. Methods Lambs, aged approximately 4 weeks, were allocated to four groups for castration. Groups were: sham control; castration + saline; castration + flunixin; castration + meloxicam. Drugs (5 mL) were administered subcutaneously around the circumference of the scrotum immediately before castration. Cortisol, rectal temperature, haematology and plasma haptoglobin were measured before and up to 48 hours after treatment. Behaviour recorded by video for 12 hours after treatment was classified as pain avoidance behaviours in the first hour and postural behaviours in three 4 hour intervals. Results Ring castration (saline group) induced a bi‐phasic increase in cortisol with peaks at 90 minutes and 24 hours but no significant changes in haematology, haptoglobin or rectal temperature. Pain avoidance behaviours were increased and teat seeking decreased. Normal lying and normal standing postures were decreased and abnormal ventral lying, statue standing, abnormal standing and total abnormal postures increased. Flunixin decreased cortisol at 90 minutes (60.3 versus 117.3 nmol L^?1) and cortisol AUC (0–6 hours), decreased elevated leg movement (2.5 versus 5.4 events) and sum of pain avoidance behaviours (8.5 versus 16.7 events), improved time spent in normal ventral lying and decreased abnormal ventral lying and total abnormal postures compared to saline treated lambs. In a similar contrast, meloxicam caused non‐significant decreases in cortisol at 90 minutes, cortisol AUC (0–6 hours) and pain avoidance behaviours, and significantly improved the postural behaviours normal ventral lying (26.7 versus 15.4%) and normal standing (13.9 versus 7.5%), and reduced abnormal standing and total abnormal postures. Physiological and behavioural responses associated with ring castration for both NSAID treatment groups were generally greater than sham controls. Conclusions and clinical relevance Locally administered NSAIDs provided partial analgesia for ring castration.  相似文献   

Fine earth soil bulk density at 0.2 m depth from Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) soil 2018     

Lorenza Pacini  Felipe Yunta  Arwyn Jones  Luca Montanarella  Pierre Barrè  Sergio Saia  Songchao Chen  Calogero Schillaci 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(4):e13391

Soil Bulk Density (BD) is an extremely important variable because it is an important site characterization parameter, and it is highly relevant for policy development because it is mandatory for calculating soil nutrient stocks. BD can influence soil chemical properties, land-use planning and agronomic management. The 2018 Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) saw the unprecedented collection of BD core analysis in a subset of the locations in Europe and the United Kingdom where soil physical and chemical properties were analysed in the 2009 and the 2015 sampling campaigns. Here, we integrated the LUCAS 2018 BD sampling campaign with the mass fraction of coarse fragments previously determined in LUCAS 2009–2015 in order to provide a dataset of the volume fraction of coarse fragments and the BD of the fine earth and improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stock estimation accuracy for topsoil. BD data sampled at 0–10 and 10–20 cm were averaged to harmonize the BD with the mass fraction of coarse fragments measured in 2009, 2012 and 2015. Samples were from cropland, grassland and woodland soils, which accounted for 41%, 21% and 30%, respectively, of the total number of selected sites (n = 6059); ‘bareland’, and ‘shrubland’ accounted for 3% of the sites each, whereas ‘artificial land’ accounted for <1%. Only six samples were classified as ‘wetland’. The dataset was produced assuming the mass density of the coarse fraction to be constant across all LUCAS soil samples. We also estimated the SOC stocks associated with LUCAS 2018 BD and SOC content measurements and showed that correcting the BD by the coarse mass fraction instead of the coarse volume fraction generates SOC stock underestimation. We found the highest deviations in woodlands and shrublands. We showed that, when SOC stock is computed with coarse mass fraction, the error compared with the computation by volume may vary depending on the SOC and coarse mass fraction. This may imply a SOC stock underestimation for European soils. This dataset fits into the big framework of LUCAS soil properties monitoring and contributes both to soil awareness and soil research and assessments, which are two important objectives of the Soil Strategy and the European Soil Observatory (EUSO).  相似文献   

Electrophysiological Evaluation of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Sensitivity to Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin     

Floriane Boullot  Caroline Fabioux  Hlne Hgaret  Pierre Boudry  Philippe Soudant  Evelyne Benoit 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)

Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) may bio-accumulate high levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) during harmful algal blooms of the genus Alexandrium. These blooms regularly occur in coastal waters, affecting oyster health and marketability. The aim of our study was to analyse the PST-sensitivity of nerves of Pacific oysters in relation with toxin bio-accumulation. The results show that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of saxitoxin (STX) sensitivity, thus providing intermediate STX sensitivity compared to other bivalve species. However, theses nerves were much less sensitive to tetrodotoxin. The STX-sensitivity of compound nerve action potential (CNAP) recorded from oysters experimentally fed with Alexandrium minutum (toxic-alga-exposed oysters), or Tisochrysis lutea, a non-toxic microalga (control oysters), revealed that oysters could be separated into STX-resistant and STX-sensitive categories, regardless of the diet. Moreover, the percentage of toxin-sensitive nerves was lower, and the STX concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of CNAP higher, in recently toxic-alga-exposed oysters than in control bivalves. However, no obvious correlation was observed between nerve sensitivity to STX and the STX content in oyster digestive glands. None of the nerves isolated from wild and farmed oysters was detected to be sensitive to tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, this study highlights the good potential of cerebrovisceral nerves of Pacific oysters for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies. In addition, this study shows, for the first time, that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of STX sensitivity. The STX sensitivity decreases, at least temporary, upon recent oyster exposure to dinoflagellates producing PST under natural, but not experimental environment.  相似文献   

Improved water repellency of black spruce wood surfaces after treatment in carbon tetrafluoride plasmas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bouddah Poaty  Bernard Riedl  Pierre Blanchet  Vincent Blanchard  Luc Stafford 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(2):411-422

Plasma treatments for black spruce wood (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), a widespread forest species from Canada, were carried out in order to waterproof the exposed surfaces. Experiments were performed using inductively coupled argon plasma with carbon tetrafluoride as the gaseous precursor for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of functional fluoropolymer coatings on wood. Analysis of the wettability through water contact angle measurements showed water-repellent characteristics, with static contact angles up to 130° depending on plasma exposure time, CF₄ concentration in the Ar/CF₄ plasma, and plasma source-to-substrate distance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of plasma-treated wood surfaces confirmed the growth of a thin, fluorocarbon layer with fluorine atomic concentrations close to 50 % on highly hydrophobic wood surfaces. Estimation of the thickness of the coatings by stylus profilometry revealed that a minimum layer thickness of about 80 nm is required to obtain water repellant wood surfaces with minimum water uptake. This complete set of data indicates that fluorocarbon-containing plasmas represent a very promising approach for improving the durability of wood products in wet and humid conditions.  相似文献   

Anaesthetic induction with alfaxalone may produce hypoxemia in rabbits premedicated with fentanyl/droperidol     

Alexandru C Tutunaru  Alexandru Şonea  Pierre Drion  Didier Serteyn  Charlotte Sandersen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(6):657-659

  相似文献   

Population structure of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum at whole-country and model river levels in Japan     

Erina Fujiwara-Nagata  Céline Chantry-Darmon  Jean-Fran?ois Bernardet  Mitsuru Eguchi  Eric Duchaud  Pierre Nicolas 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):34

The bacterium Flavobacterium psychrophilum is a serious problem for salmonid farming worldwide. This study investigates by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) the population structure of this pathogen in Japan where it is also a major concern for ayu, a popular game fish related to salmoniforms. A total of 34 isolates collected across the country and 80 isolates sampled in a single model river by electrofishing were genotyped. The data accounting for 15 fish species allowed identifying 35 distinct sequence types (ST) in Japan. These ST are distinct from those reported elsewhere, except for some ST found in rainbow trout and coho salmon, two fish that have been the subject of intensive international trade. The pattern of polymorphism is, however, strikingly similar across geographical scales (model river, Japan, world) in terms of the fraction of molecular variance linked to the fish host (~50%) and of pairwise nucleotide diversity between ST (~5 Kbp^-1). These observations go against the hypothesis of a recent introduction of F. psychrophilum in Japan. Two findings were made that are important for disease control: 1) at least two independent F. psychrophilum lineages infect ayu and 2) co-infections of the same individual fish by different strains occur.  相似文献   

Assessment of hydraulic properties of technosols using Beerkan and multiple tension disc infiltration methods     

Deniz Yilmaz  Sofia Bouarafa  Pierre‐Emmanuel Peyneau  Rafael Angulo‐Jaramillo  Laurent Lassabatere 《European Journal of Soil Science》2019,70(5):1049-1062

  相似文献   

Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity in the black spruce succession of eastern Canada     

Pierre Paquin 《Biological conservation》2008,141(1):261-275

This study provides the first assessment of carabid beetle diversity in a natural forest context that encompasses a complete black spruce (Picea mariana) natural succession. Boreal forest conservation has been based on several assumptions about forest age that only consider species richness without accounting for species composition. It has also been guided by studies of incomplete chronologies that do not include naturally burned or old-growth stages. Twenty-one forest stands of different ages following fire - from recently burned to old-growth stages (0-340 years of age) - were sampled, revealing a strong relationship between age of forest and diversity of Carabidae. Over time, species richness followed a parabolic U-shaped pattern both with observed (Obs) and predicted richness (ACE). Chronological clustering identified four groups of species in the succession: the ‘burned’ group characterized 0-2-year-old forests, ‘regenerating’ (21-58 year), ‘mature’ (70-170 year) and ‘old-growth’ (177-340 year). The time spans corresponding to each of these assemblages lengthen with age of forest at an exponential rate. Ward’s and K-means (clustering without constraint) provided support for the four assemblages but showed variation between individual successions, particularly for the ‘regenerating’ assemblage, identified as the most heterogeneous. The IndVal method identified characteristic species in every stage of the succession, particularly Sericoda spp. in the burned stage and Dromius piceus and Platynus mannerheimii associated with old-growth stands. The results obtained here show that diversity of Carabidae varies in primeval conditions according to age of forest and such variation should be taken into account when conservation issues are involved.  相似文献   

The role of oxylipins and antioxidants on off-flavor precursor formation during potato flake processing     

Gosset V  Göbel C  Laine G  Delaplace P  du Jardin P  Feussner I  Fauconnier ML 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(23):11285-11292

The impact of processing on nonenzymatic antioxidant degradation and lipid oxidation leading to off-flavor development in potato flakes during storage was investigated. Lipoxygenase activity measurements in parallel with the analysis of lipid oxidation products (oxylipins) profiles using HPLC showed that the processing conditions used inhibited efficiently enzymatic lipid oxidation. However, nonenzymatic lipid oxidation products were found throughout processing and in fresh potato flakes. Furthermore, these autoxidative processes cannot be inactivated by the main endogenous nonenzymatic antioxidants in potato tubers (ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and carotenoids), as these antioxidants are degraded during processing. Indeed, leaching and thermal treatments taking place during processing lead to a decrease of about 95%, 82% and 27% in the content of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds and carotenoids, respectively. Therefore, storage is a critical step to prevent off-flavor development in potato flakes. Specific attention has thus to be paid on the use of efficient exogenous antioxidants as well as on storage conditions.  相似文献   

Synthesis of haptens and conjugates for ELISA of glycitein: development and validation of an immunological test     

Shinkaruk S  Lamothe V  Schmitter JM  Fructus A  Sauvant P  Vergne S  Degueil M  Babin P  Bennetau B  Bennetau-Pelissero C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):6809-6817

Two carboxylic acid haptens of glycitein were synthesized, with a spacer arm at the C2 position. They differed in the length of the spacer arm, with the length of the spacer arms being three or four carbon atoms, and were named Delta3-glycitein and Delta4-glycitein haptens, respectively. The different haptens were coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the coupling efficiency was assessed by MALDI mass spectrometry. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against the BSA conjugates. An additional conjugate of Delta4-glycitein hapten was generated with swine thyroglobulin (Thyr). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on the competition between free glycitein and Delta4-glycitein-Thyr conjugates for specific antibodies were developed. The IC50 of the standard curves was 15.6 ng mL(-1) with anti-Delta3-glycitein and 62.5 ng mL(-1) with anti-Delta4-glycitein, that is, 10.9 and 44 pmol/well, respectively. With the Delta3-glycitein antibody, interassay and intra-assay variations were 12.2 and 11.5%, respectively. Specificity tests did not show any significant cross-reaction with any other soy isoflavone. This specificity is not influenced by the length of the spacer arm. The assay was validated by measurements performed on plasma samples as well as on soy-based foodstuffs and on soy-based food supplements.  相似文献