Response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) to soil and atmospheric water deficits under Mediterranean mountain climate     

Rafael Poyatos  Pilar Llorens  Josep Piñol  Carles Rubio 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(3):306-306

The physiological responses to water deficits of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) were studied under Mediterranean mountain climate. Minimum leaf water potentials were ?3.2 MPa for oak and ?2.1 MPa for pine, with higher predawn values for pubescent oak. Relative sap flow declined in both species when vapour pressure deficit (D) went above ca. 1.2 kPa, but stomatal control was stronger for pine during the 2003 summer drought. P. sylvestris plant hydraulic conductance on a half-total leaf area basis (k _L,s?1) was 1.2–2.6 times higher than the values shown by Q. pubescens, and it showed a considerably steeper decrease during summer. Leaf-level gas exchange was positively related to k _L,s?1 in both species. Scots pine was more vulnerable to xylem embolism and closed stomata to prevent substantial conductivity losses. The results of this study confirm that pubescent oak is more resistant to extreme drought events.  相似文献   

Growth versus storage: responses of Mediterranean oak seedlings to changes in nutrient and water availabilities     

Virginia Sanz Pérez  Pilar Castro Díez  Fernando Valladares 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(2):201-210

We compare dry mass (DM) and storage of starch (St) and nitrogen (N) in seedlings of three Mediterranean oaks, two evergreens (Quercus coccifera L. and Q. ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp) and one deciduous (Q. faginea Lam.), across different scenarios of nutrient and water availabilities. Three fertilization (5, 50 and 200 mg of N per plant and growing period) and watering (28–39, 55–71 and 70–85 g H₂O 100 g _soil ^?1 gravimetric soil water) treatments were applied to current-year seedlings between May and October 2002 in two independent experiments. The three species showed a similar response to fertilization, storing nitrogen instead of increasing biomass, in agreement with adaptations to nutrient-poor habitats. However, they differed in their responses to water, reflecting the different water requirements in the field: Q. coccifera, from arid zones, showed no response to water regarding DM and St; Q. faginea, from humid zones, required higher water availability to simultaneously increase growth and storage; while Q. ilex, spanning over most of the water availability range, exhibited a balanced increase of both functions when water increased moderately. In the two evergreen species, N concentration increased with water supply, whereas the reverse occurred in Q. faginea. The latter species favoured growth over storage at moderate water supply (according to its more competitive strategy), although it was the species which accumulated more St and N at the end of the experiments (autumn).  相似文献   

Variation in the radial patterns of sap flux density in pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens) and its implications for tree and stand transpiration measurements     

Poyatos R  Cermák J  Llorens P 《Tree physiology》2007,27(4):537-548

Radial variation in sap flux density across the sapwood was assessed by the heat field deformation method in several trees of Quercus pubescens Wild., a ring-porous species. Sapwood depths were delimited by identifying the point of zero flow in radial patterns of sap flow, yielding tree sapwood areas that were 1.5-2 times larger than assumed based on visual examinations of wood cores. The patterns of sap flow varied both among trees and diurnally. Rates of sap flow were higher close to the cambium, although there was a significant contribution from the inner sapwood, which was greater (up to 60% of total flow) during the early morning and late in the day. Accordingly, the normalized difference between outer and inner sapwood flow was stable during the middle of the day, but showed a general decline in the afternoon. The distribution of sap flux density across the sapwood allowed us to derive correction coefficients for single-point heat dissipation sap flow measurements. We used daytime-averaged coefficients that depended on the particular shape of the radial profile and ranged between 0.45 and 1.28. Stand transpiration calculated using the new method of estimating sapwood areas and the radial correction coefficients was similar to (Year 2003), or about 25% higher than (Year 2004), previous uncorrected values, and was 20-30% of reference evapotranspiration. We demonstrated how inaccuracies in determining sapwood depths and mean sap flux density across the sapwood of ring-porous species could affect tree and stand transpiration estimates.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the antiemetic efficacy of maropitant in dogs medicated with morphine and acepromazine          下载免费PDF全文

A Matías Lorenzutti  Manuel Martín‐Flores  Nicolás J Litterio  Martín A Himelfarb  M Pilar Zarazaga 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(2):195-198

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A single injection of corifollitropin alfa supplemented with human chorionic gonadotropin increases follicular recruitment and transferable embryos in the rabbit     

María Pilar Viudes‐de‐Castro  Francisco Marco‐Jimnez  Alba Ms Pellicer  Ximo García‐Domínguez  Amparo M. Talavn  Jose Salvador Vicente 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(4):696-701

Superovulation protocols are designed to achieve maximum embryo yields. Nevertheless, ovarian response control and the quality of obtained embryos are still a challenge. On the other hand, to save the superovulated embryos until their subsequent use, it is usual to cryopreserve them, so it is also crucial to assess their cryotolerance. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single injection of corifollitropin alfa (FSH‐CTP) alone or supplemented with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and to determine the impact of this stimulation on in vitro and in vivo development of fresh or devitrified embryos. Our outcomes showed that ovulation rate and recovered embryos were significantly increased when hCG was used. In vitro development of fresh and devitrified embryos and survival at birth were not significantly affected by superstimulation treatment. Results of this study suggest that a single injection of long‐acting FSH‐CTP supplemented with hCG can be effectively used in rabbits to elicit an increase in ovulation rate and number of recovered embryos. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hCG supplementation had no negative effects in embryo cryosurvival and development, showing similar survival rate at birth than FSH‐CTP alone group.  相似文献   

Topical polyhydroxy acid treatment for autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in the golden retriever: a prospective pilot study          下载免费PDF全文

Anna Puigdemont  Nicla Furiani  Michela De Lucia  Isaac Carrasco  Laura Ordeix  Dolors Fondevila  Laura Ramió‐Lluch  Pilar Brazis 《Veterinary dermatology》2018,29(4):323-e113

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Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics Followed by a Forest-to-pasture Conversion in Western Mexico     

Felipe García-Oliva  Juan F. Gallardo Lancho  Noé Manuel Montaño  Pilar Islas 《Agroforestry Systems》2006,66(2):93-100

Gains and losses of soil carbon (C), have been reported when tropical forests are converted to pastures. Regional studies are crucial for setting regional baselines and explaining each particular trend, in order to solve this controversy. Tropical deciduous forest (TDF) is under high deforestation pressure, mainly for conversion to pastures. The present study compared soil organic C (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) in the surface layer (0–5 cm) of forest and pasture soils in a TDF of western Mexico. SOC and SON concentrations were 18 and 60% lower in pasture soils than in forest soils, and C:N ratio increased in pasture soils. Furthermore, pasture soils had lower labile C and available inorganic nitrogen (N) than forest soils. These results can be explained as a reduction in C inputs to pasture soils and management-induced disruption of soil aggregates. In forest soils, macroaggregates (> 250 μm) were predominant (85%), whereas in pasture soils they were reduced to 35% of dry sand-free soil mass. The estimated SOC and SON losses from the top 5 cm of soil were 3 Mg C ha⁻¹ and 0.9 Mg N ha⁻¹, respectively.  相似文献   

Eating out of home and its correlates in 10 European countries. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study     

Orfanos P  Naska A  Trichopoulos D  Slimani N  Ferrari P  van Bakel M  Deharveng G  Overvad K  Tjønneland A  Halkjaer J  Santucci de Magistris M  Tumino R  Pala V  Sacerdote C  Masala G  Skeie G  Engeset D  Lund E  Jakszyn P  Barricarte A  Chirlaque MD  Martinez-Garcia C  Amiano P  Quirós JR  Bingham S  Welch A  Spencer EA  Key TJ  Rohrmann S  Linseisen J  Ray J  Boeing H  Peeters PH  Bueno-de-Mesquita HB  Ocke M  Johansson I  Johansson G  Berglund G  Manjer J  Boutron-Ruault MC  Touvier M  Clavel-Chapelon F  Trichopoulou A 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(12):1515-1525

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Nitrogen fractions and mineral content in different lupin species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, and Lupinus luteus). Changes induced by the alpha-galactoside extraction process     

Porres JM  Aranda P  López-Jurado M  Urbano G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7445-7452

The protein and mineral composition of different varieties of three different lupin species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, and Lupinus luteus) and the effect of alpha-galactoside removal by means of a hydroalcoholic extraction process on such composition were studied in relationship to nutrient distribution among the different anatomical parts of the seed (embryo, cotyledon, and seed coat). The extent of processing-derived protein insolubilization was assessed by both chemical and electrophoretic techniques and related to the amount of nitrogen soluble in H(2)O, NaCl, ethanol, NaOH, and sodium dodecyl sulfate/beta-mercaptoethanol (SDS/BME). The alpha-galactoside extraction process caused a significant increase in the amount of total and insoluble nitrogen and decreased the amount of soluble protein nitrogen, without affecting the content of soluble nonprotein nitrogen. alpha-Galactoside extraction was not effective at decreasing the levels of Mn present in lupins, and processing caused an increase in the content of this mineral in all of the species studied with the exception of L. albus var. multolupa. In general, the effect of processing on mineral content varied with the different lupin species, and mineral losses were lower in L. luteus.  相似文献   

Thermal stability of lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase from olive fruit and repercussion on olive oil aroma biosynthesis     

Luaces P  Sanz C  Pérez AG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(15):6309-6313

Thermal stabilities of main enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of virgin olive oil (VOO) aroma through the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway were studied in crude enzymatic preparations. Kinetic parameters of thermal inactivation for LOX were determined graphically and were shown to be compatible with the presence of two LOX isoenzymes (LOXlab and LOXres) having different thermal stabilities and displaying relative activities of 88 and 12% each. Data on hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) suggest the existence of just one HPL isoform. Thermal stabilities of LOX and HPL enzymatic activities in crude preparations seem to explain the observed decrease of volatile contents in VOO aroma as a consequence of heat treatments of olive fruit. Moreover, differences in thermal stability of LOXlab and LOXres would justify the distinct pattern of reduction of C6 and C5 compound contents observed in the aroma of these oils.  相似文献