Characterization of the effect of a QTL for drought resistance in rice, qtl12.1, over a range of environments in the Philippines and eastern India     

Jérôme Bernier  Arvind Kumar  Ramaiah Venuprasad  Dean Spaner  Satish Verulkar  Nimai P. Mandal  Pramod K. Sinha  Puvvada Peeraju  Praba R. Dongre  R. N. Mahto  Gary Atlin 《Euphytica》2009,166(2):207-217

A large-effect QTL for grain yield under drought conditions (qtl12.1) was reported in a rice mapping population derived from Vandana and Way Rarem. Here, we measured the effect of qtl12.1 on grain yield and associated traits in 21 field trials: ten at IRRI in the Philippines and 11 in the target environment of eastern India. The relative effect of the QTL on grain yield increased with increasing intensity of drought stress, from having no effect under well-watered conditions to having an additive effect of more than 40% of the trial mean in the most severe stress treatments. The QTL improved grain yield in nine out of ten direct-seeded upland trials where drought stress was severe or moderate, but no effect was measured under well-watered aerobic conditions or under transplanted lowland conditions. These trials confirm that qtl12.1 has a large and consistent effect on grain yield under upland drought stress conditions, in a wide range of environments.  相似文献   

Geographic patterns of genetic diversity and fertility restoration ability of Asian and African origin pearl millet populations     

K.Sudarshan Patil  Shashi Kumar Gupta 《作物学报(英文版)》2022,(2):468-477

A set of 45 diverse Asian and African origin/bred populations of pearl millet were investigated multi-locationally for morphological traits including grain yield and assessed for their fertility restoration ability on three cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) systems in two contrasting seasons. Significant genetic variation was found for all the yield linked traits. Multivariate analysis for grain yield and its component traits grouped these populations into five clusters. Most of the Asian origin populations grouped into single cluster(Cluster III) and separated from the rest of the African origin populations indicating the presence of correspondence between clustering pattern and geographical origin of the populations. Clusters dominated with Asian populations(As-As) had linkages with early flowering, short plant height, more number of tillers, small and thin panicles, small seeded and low grain yield compared to the clusters dominated by African populations(Af-Af) or African origin and Asian bred(Af-As) populations.Genetically related populations having common parentage were found grouped in same clusters.Fertility restoration/maintainer frequency of 45 populations on three diverse CMS systems revealed that overall fertility restoration frequency was highest for A1(86%) followed by A4(37%) and for A5(7%) CMS system. Five populations were identified as potential sources for developing maintainer lines for all three CMS systems and eight populations were identified specifically for A;and A;CMS systems. A set of 11 and four populations were identified for restorer line development exclusively for A;and A;CMS system,respectively. Six populations were identified for the development of dual restorers for both A;and A;CMS system.  相似文献   

An early gene of the flavonoid pathway, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, exhibits a positive relationship with the concentration of catechins in tea (Camellia sinensis)     

Singh K  Rani A  Kumar S  Sood P  Mahajan M  Yadav SK  Singh B  Ahuja PS 《Tree physiology》2008,28(9):1349-1356

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) leaves are a major source of flavonoids that mainly belong to the flavan 3-ols or catechins. Apart from being responsible for tea quality, these compounds have medicinal properties. Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) is an abundant enzyme in tea leaves that catalyzes the stereospecific hydroxylation of (2S)-naringenin to form (2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol. We report a full-length cDNA sequence of F3H from tea (CsF3H Accession no. AY641730). CsF3H comprised 1365 bp with an open reading frame of 1107 nt (from 43 to 1149) encoding a polypeptide of 368 amino acids. Expression of CsF3H in an expression vector in Escherichia coli yielded a functional protein with a specific activity of 32 nmol min(-1) mg protein(-1). There was a positive correlation between the concentration of catechins and CsF3H expression in leaves of different developmental stages. CsF3H expression was down-regulated in response to drought, abscisic acid and gibberellic acid treatment, but up-regulated in response to wounding. The concentration of catechins paralleled the expression data. Exposure of tea shoots to 50-100 microM catechins led to down-regulation of CsF3H expression suggesting substrate mediated feedback regulation of the gene. The strong correlation between the concentration of catechins and CsF3H expression indicates a critical role of F3H in catechin biosynthesis.  相似文献   

Influence of fly ash mixtures on early tree growth and physicochemical properties of soil in semi-arid tropical Alfisols     

V. Ramesh  G. R. Korwar  Uttam Kumar Mandal  Jasti V. N. S. Prasad  Kishori Lal Sharma  Yezzu S. Ramakrishna  Kandula Venkanna 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,73(3):245-245

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喜马拉雅山西侧山岭森林的生物量密度、利用和生产动态(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rakesh Kumar Sharma  Prem Lall Sankhayan  Ole Hofstad 《林业研究》2008,19(3):171-180

证据显示印度喜马偕尔北部的喜马拉雅州森林生物量大量减少。政府通过局部测定核查了森林生物量减少情况。本文以树木生物量来衡量森林退化,评估了主要用地类型内森林生物量的现状,检查了森林可持续性。结果表明,保育林分树木地上部最大生物量平均为1158t·hm-2,保护林、休耕地、耕作非灌溉地、草地、果园和耕地灌溉地的平均生物量依次是728,13,11,8,5和3t·hm-2。当地农民用于烧柴、马料或其他用途的树木生物量仅占可获得的生物总量的0.31%。现在的取用水平只能在短期内维持森林可持续性,从长期来看森林再生不足。采用对数生长模型对未来30年的森林生物量进行料模拟,并通过敏感性分析对影响系统行为的输入变量的相对显著性进行了分析。拟合模型强调了未来的森林资源降低不可避免。政府部门应该积极响应,出台相应政策才能有效地保护森林资源。  相似文献   

沙棘籽油对牛的皮肤伤口愈合疗效的研究     

A.C.Varshney  S.P.Tyagi  Rajesh Rana  郭红艳  温秀凤 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2008,6(1):30-35

本研究旨在通过比较沙棘籽油（Hippophae rhamnoides）和防腐软膏（5％碘伏）、草本软膏（印度草药研究与供应有限公司）及一种刺激性温和的基础药膏（液体石蜡）,来研究沙棘籽油对牛的皮肤伤口愈合效果。这个实验是将12头雄性牛犊分为4组,6头牛都有皮肤伤口,3头胸背部脊椎区的两边都用当地的镇痛药。伤口分别用液体石蜡、5％的碘伏软膏、沙棘籽油（沙棘油）及草本软膏处理28d,并分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四组。不同处理的功效是建立在对经过0d、3d、7d、10d、14d和28d的不同临床血液参数的研究基础之上的。在研究中,所有组的心脏、呼吸率和血液学的各种参数及肛温都维持在正常的生理极限内。沙棘油和草本软膏对伤口处理的临床研究中发现,在伤口愈合的初期,伤口保持了一定的干燥度,并且抑制了炎症初期伤口的恶化。不同的组之间,在持续28d的实验中,用草本软膏和沙棘油做处理的组中伤口的愈合率最高。这些组的伤口试验同时还表现出早治疗,早治愈的特征。但是,在草本软膏和沙棘油处理组中,草本软膏组处理的伤口的整体愈合能力还是略优于沙棘油的疗效。  相似文献   

Evolving strategies for crop planning and operation of irrigation reservoir system using multi-objective differential evolution     

M. Janga Reddy  D. Nagesh Kumar 《Irrigation Science》2008,26(2):177-190

In this paper multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) approach is proposed for the simultaneous evolution of optimal cropping pattern and operation policies for a multi-crop irrigation reservoir system. In general, farming community wants to maximize total net benefits by irrigating high economic value crops over larger area, which may also include water-intensive crops and longer duration crops. This poses a serious problem under water-scarce conditions and often results in crop failure. Under varying hydrological conditions, the fixed cropping pattern with conventional operating rule curve policies may not yield economically good results. To provide flexible policies, a nonlinear multi-objective optimization model is formulated. To achieve robust performance by handling interdependent relationships among the decision variables of the model, the recent MODE technique is adopted to solve the multi-objective problem. The developed model is applied for ten-daily reservoir operation to a case study in India. The model results suggest that changes in the hydrologic conditions over a season have considerable impact on the cropping pattern and net benefits from the irrigation system. Towards this purpose, the proposed MODE model can be used to evolve different strategies for irrigation planning and reservoir operation policies, and to select the best possible solution appropriate to the forecasted hydrologic condition.  相似文献   

The Upland Settlement Project of Bangladesh as a Means of Reducing Land Degradation and Improving Rural Livelihoods   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tapan Kumar Nath  Makoto Inoue 《Small-Scale Forestry》2008,7(2):163-182

Because of illegal logging, increased population pressure and intensified shifting cultivation, forest coverage of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) has decreased drastically resulting in land degradation. Many development projects have been implemented to combat forest loss and land degradation and also to improve the livelihoods of the hill people. This paper reports an empirical study of the Upland Settlement Project (USP) of Bangladesh which was undertaken to prevent land degradation and enhance the standard of living of the people. Planters were found to have given up shifting cultivation and adopted soil conserving agroforestry practices, and forest coverage has been increased in the project village. Interacting with project staff members, government officials and NGOs assisted planters in diversifying livelihood strategies thereby reducing dependency on project resources. Rich planters, utilizing their own capacity, expanded their income sources successfully. Poor planters still remain wage labourers because they do not have sufficient finance and networks to invest in productive ventures. Planters’ participation in project activities and the information flow between them and project staff were found to be minimal. Suggestions are made for the continuity of project functions, which involve greater participation of planters in rubber management functions, improved information flow, resolution of land tenure and greater equality in distribution of rubber revenue.

Tapan Kumar NathEmail:

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Top‐cross vs. poly‐cross as alternative to test‐cross for estimating the general combining ability in potato     

J. Gopal  V. Kumar  S. K. Luthra 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(5):441-445

Test‐crosses for estimating combining ability in potato although useful are difficult to make being labour intensive and time consuming, and due to the problem of sterility. The objective of the present study was to test methods for estimating general combining ability (GCA) of parents based on fewer matings. The GCA of 12 females estimated based on matings with specific single testers (top‐cross) and three types of bulk pollen (poly‐cross) were compared with those estimated by 72 (12 × 6) test‐crosses, using common testers in three types of matings. The study was conducted for 2 years at each of the two locations representing short‐days subtropical conditions in plains and long‐days temperate conditions in hills of India. Analysis of variance of test‐crosses showed that both general and specific combining ability effects were important for tuber yield, late blight resistance as well as general impression, the characters studied. Correlation coefficients among three types of matings showed that bulk pollen matings had poor effectiveness in predicting the GCA of the females, whereas matings with selected individual testers resulted in GCA estimates similar to those based on six testers. Thus use of top‐cross involving selected tester could substantially reduce the number of matings required for estimating the GCA. Among the six testers used, the tester CFK69.1 could estimate the GCA of the females with reasonably high accuracy both for tuber yield and general impression, and ‘Tobique’ for reaction to late blight.  相似文献   

Differential RNA Editing of Mitochondrial Genes in WA-Cytoplasmic Based Male Sterile Line Pusa 6A,and Its Maintainer and Restorer Lines     

Umakanta NGANGKHAM  Swarup Kumar PARIDA  Ashok Kumar SINGH  Trilochan MOHAPATRA 《水稻科学》2019,26(5):282-289

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