Current status of insecticide resistance in Q biotype Bemisia tabaci populations from Crete     

Emmanouil Roditakis  Maria Grispou  Evangelia Morou  Jon Bent Kristoffersen  Nikos Roditakis  Ralf Nauen  John Vontas  Anastasia Tsagkarakou 《Pest management science》2009,65(3):313-322

BACKGROUND: A major problem of crop protection in Crete, Greece, is the control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) with chemical insecticides owing to the rapid development of resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the establishment of resistance and the underlying mechanisms to major insecticide classes with classical bioassays and known biochemical resistance markers. RESULTS: During a 2005–2007 survey, 53 Q biotype populations were collected. Application history records showed extensive use of neonicotinoids, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. High resistance levels were identified in the majority of populations (>80%) for imidacloprid (RF: 38–1958×) and α‐cypermethrin (RF: 30–600×). Low resistance levels (RF < 12) were observed for pirimiphos‐methyl. A strong correlation between resistance to imidacloprid and the number of applications with neonicotinoids was observed. Significant correlations were observed between COE and P450‐dependent monoxygenase activity with resistance to α‐cypermethrin and imidacloprid respectively. A propoxur‐based AChE diagnostic test indicated that iAChE was widespread in most populations. Resistance levels for α‐cypermethrin were increased when compared with a previous survey (2002–2003). Differentiation of LC₅₀ values between localities was observed for imidacloprid only. CONCLUSION: Bemisia tabaci resistance evolved differently in each of the three insecticides studied. Imidacloprid resistance seems less established and less persistent than α‐cypermethrin resistance. The low resistance levels for pirimiphos‐methyl suggest absence of cross‐resistance with other organophosphates or carbamates used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Insecticide mode of action: return of the ryanodine receptor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nauen R 《Pest management science》2006,62(8):690-692

  相似文献   

Antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus infection associated (VIA) antigen: use of a bioengineered VIA protein as antigen in an ELISA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F Villinger  H K Mueller  L Bruckner  M Ackermann  U Kihm 《Veterinary microbiology》1989,20(3):235-246

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection associated (VIA) antigen (viral RNA polymerase) in cattle sera, was developed using a bioengineered VIA (BioVIA) protein antigen. Compared with the classical immunodiffusion test, with viral RNA polymerase purified from infected cell cultures as antigen, this ELISA was more sensitive. However, depending on the cattle population examined, sera with antibodies to viral RNA polymerase, probably due to infection with other picornaviruses, were detected. Despite these observations, the ELISA using BioVIA provided a rapid answer as to whether or not FMD virus circulated in a given herd of cattle. The main advantage of this ELISA is its absolute safety, since in no step of the antigen production was infectious or uninfectious FMD virus involved. The test can therefore be performed under normal laboratory conditions and no isolation units are needed as they are for the immunodiffusion test.  相似文献   

The construction, selection, characterization, and application of recombinant herpes viruses     

M Ackermann 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1988,35(5):379-396

  相似文献   

The control of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in Switzerland from 1978 to 1988     

M Ackermann  H K Müller  L Bruckner  C Riggenbach  U Kihm 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1989,131(7):397-407

The eradication of Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) in Switzerland is reviewed. In 1978 IBR was reported in dairy cattle in the Eastern part of Switzerland. No preexisting eradication program was available at that time. In 1983, following a period of hesitation, the legal basis for the eradication of IBR was issued. This aim was achieved by: i) Controls and restrictions of the traffic of susceptible animals in order to prevent further transmission of IBR. ii) Slaughter of seropositive cattle, based on the assumption that animals with antibodies to BHV 1 were virus carriers and therefore an IBR-virus-reservoir. iii) The fact that besides the cattle population no BHV 1 reservoir existed in Switzerland. iv) Never licensing IBR-vaccines because they were not able to prevent the infection and the establishment of latency. The costs of the eradication program amounted to approx. SFr. 114,000,000. A total of 51,911 animals were slaughtered in order to eradicate IBR. An amount of SFr. 5,000,000 per annum is estimated to be necessary in order to maintain the favourable situation concerning IBR. In the future, the experience concerning IBR is applied for the prevention and control of other infectious diseases in the Swiss cattle population.  相似文献   

The mode of action of thionophosphoric acid esters. Comparative studies of the appearance of PO analogs after the application of methylparathion and the intensity of intoxication symptoms and esterase inhibition     

H Ackermann 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1970,24(6):1293-1300

  相似文献   

Respiratory herpesvirus infection in two Indian Ringneck parakeets.     

Tatjana Lazic  Mark R Ackermann  Jo M Drahos  Judith Stasko  Joseph S Haynes 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(2):235-238

A flock of Indian Ringneck parakeets (Psittacula krameri manillensis) was imported to the United States from Australia. Soon after, 1 parakeet suddenly died, and a second parakeet died after a 2-day course of illness, which consisted of anorexia, lethargy, emaciation, and dyspnea. At necropsy, the affected birds had diffuse consolidation and red discoloration of the lungs, as well as thickened, congested air sacs. The microscopic examination revealed multifocal, necrotizing bronchitis, parabronchitis, and interstitial pneumonia. The lumen of the affected airways contained numerous, large syncytial cells with up to 15 nuclei. The nuclei of these syncytial cells often contained large, eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with herpesvirus. The epithelium of the trachea and air sacs was hypertrophied and contained syncytial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies similar to the bronchi. In addition, a few intranuclear inclusion bodies were also present in the epithelial cells that line the air capillaries. On ultrastructural examination, the nuclei of degenerating epithelial cells contained clusters of viral nucleocapsid proteins and unenveloped, icosahedral, viral particles that were approximately 90 nm in diameter. In addition, some epithelial cells contained clusters of enveloped viral particles approximately 105 nm in diameter, within the cytocavitary network. These lesions are characteristic of those caused by respiratory herpesvirus of parakeets.  相似文献   

A cream containing omega‐3‐fatty acids,humectants and emollients as an aid in the treatment of equine Culicoides hypersensitivity     

Rebecca Huhmann  Ralf S. Mueller 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(2):155-e46

  相似文献   

Agreement of serum allergen test results with unblocked and blocked IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) and intradermal test results in atopic dogs     

Natalie K. Y. Gedon  Teresa M. S. A. Boehm  Christoph J. Klinger  Laura Udraite  Ralf S. Mueller 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(3):195-e61

  相似文献   

Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study     

Sina Rehbein  Christian Klotz  Ralf Ignatius  Elisabeth Müller  Anton Aebischer  Barbara Kohn 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(1):117-124

Giardia duodenalis is a relevant gastrointestinal protozoan pathogen of humans and animals. This species complex consists of eight genetically different assemblages. Assemblages A and B are pathogenic to humans and pets, thus confer zoonotic potential. The risk of zoonotic transmission has been controversially discussed. The aim of this monocentric cross‐sectional pilot study was to investigate G. duodenalis assemblages in humans and pets living in common households in Berlin/Brandenburg (Germany). Samples from dogs, cats and humans sharing the same households were screened for Giardia infection by antigen‐detecting assays. All human samples were additionally analysed by a Giardia‐specific qPCR. Cyst quantification and sequences of different gene loci (triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), β‐giardin (bg) and for dogs SSUrDNA) were analysed. A total of 38 households (31 households with dogs and seven with cats) with 69 human individuals participated in the study. Initial antigen‐detecting assays revealed Giardia‐positive results for 13 (39%) canine, one (14%) feline and one human sample. Reanalysis of the human samples by qPCR revealed two more positive specimens (4%). Two of these three samples were identified as assemblage B at all tested loci. Success rate of assemblage typing for pet samples was generally low and comprised mainly the SSUrDNA locus only. Overall, six of 13 Giardia‐positive canine samples were typable (2× A, 1× co‐infection: A and B, 1× C; 2× D). One pair of samples (dog and human) from the same household had a similar but not identical assemblage B sequence at tpi locus. Assemblage A was also detected in the dog specimen, which hampered sequence analysis. In conclusion, although exhibiting limitations due to the sample size, our study highlights the need for better and standardized typing tools to distinguish G. duodenalis strains with higher resolution in order to perform proper case–control studies for a realistic estimation of zoonotic risk.  相似文献