Identification of pathogenic fungi and preliminary screening for resistance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> L. germplasm     

Lissette C. Hernández-Cubero  Peter Ampofo  Juan M. Montes  Ralf T. Voegele 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(2):325-337

Sexual reproduction in fungi is controlled by mating type genes, which are located at the MAT locus. In this study, we investigated the structure of this locus in the phytopathogenic fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot disease. Despite intensive study, its sexual state has never been observed in single-spore culture. Through analysis of the genome sequences of two individual P. citricarpa isolates, the sequence of the DNA lyase gene was identified and, as previously reported in the literature, the mating type genes were located in the 3′ flanking region of this gene. The results suggested that P. citricarpa is heterothallic, owing to the exclusive presence of the MAT1–1 or MAT1–2 gene in individual strains. In order to characterize the MAT locus, we designed primers to amplify this region. P. citricarpa was found to have complete and apparently functional copies of MAT genes, containing α-1 and HMG domains, present in different isolates. In addition to MAT1–2-1 and MAT1–1-1 genes, the MAT1–1-4 gene was located in the 5′ flanking region of the MAT1–1-1 gene and the MAT1–2-5 gene was located in 5′ flanking region of the MAT1–2-1 gene. A multiplex PCR protocol was also developed to differentiate P. citricarpa idiomorphs, which can be used in distribution and incidence studies of mating type strains, in order to determine the occurrence of sexual reproduction and to facility crossing studies. Furthermore, in Brazil, the two idiomorphs occur in a 1:1 ratio, which is expected in sexually reproducing populations.  相似文献   

Fitness costs and life table parameters of highly insecticide‐resistant strains of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) at different temperatures          下载免费PDF全文

Denise Steinbach  Gerald Moritz  Ralf Nauen 《Pest management science》2017,73(9):1789-1797

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Use of mycophenolate mofetil to treat immune‐mediated skin disease in 14 dogs – a retrospective evaluation          下载免费PDF全文

Amanda L. Ackermann  Elizabeth R. May  Linda A. Frank 《Veterinary dermatology》2017,28(2):195-e44

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The effects of a topical lipid complex therapy on dogs with atopic dermatitis: a double blind,randomized, placebo‐controlled study          下载免费PDF全文

Stefan Hobi  Christoph Klinger  Janine Classen  Ralf S. Mueller 《Veterinary dermatology》2017,28(4):369-e84

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Fate of Silver Nanoparticles in Constructed Wetlands—a Microcosm Study     

Auvinen  Hannele  Kaegi  Ralf  Rousseau  Diederik P. L.  Du Laing  Gijs 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(3):1-9

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Elevated radium (Ra) concentrations have been observed in aquifers with high naturally occurring salinity. The flux of radon (Rn) gas from the decay of Ra out of...  相似文献   

Hyperglycaemia but not hyperlipidaemia decreases serum amylase and increases neutrophils in the exocrine pancreas of cats     

Eric Zini  Melania Osto  Marco Franchini  Hans Lutz  Aurel Perren  Mathias Ackermann  Claudia E. Reusch 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(1):20-26

The goal of the study was to determine whether hyperglycaemia or hyperlipidaemia causes pancreatitis in cats and to assess the effect of excess serum glucose and lipids on amylase and lipase activity. Ten-day hyperglycaemic and hyperlipidaemic clamps were carried out in five and six healthy cats, respectively. Ten healthy cats received saline and served as controls. The activity of amylase was below the normal range in 4 of 5 hyperglycaemic cats by day 10. The activity of lipase did not vary in any of the cats. Samples of exocrine pancreas were normal on histological examination, but the number of tissue neutrophils was increased in hyperglycaemic cats (P < 0.05). In a retrospective study 14 of 40 (35%) cats with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus had amylase activities below the reference range at the time of admission. Amylase activities normalised within 1 week of insulin therapy and subsequent glycaemic control. Lipase activity was increased in 26 of 40 (65%) diabetic cats and remained elevated despite glycaemic control. In conclusion, hyperglycaemia, but not hyperlipidaemia, increases pancreatic neutrophils in cats. However, because the histological morphology of the exocrine pancreas was normal, hyperglycaemia may play only a minor role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Low amylase activities in diabetic cats may reflect an imbalance in glucose metabolism rather than pancreatitis.  相似文献   

Predictors of Clinical Remission in Cats with Diabetes Mellitus     

E. Zini  M. Hafner  M. Osto  M. Franchini  M. Ackermann  T.A. Lutz  C.E. Reusch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1314-1321

Background: Clinical remission is frequent in cats with well‐controlled diabetes mellitus, but few studies explored predictors of this phenomenon. Hypothesis: Data retrieved from medical records at admission might be valuable to identify likelihood of remission and its duration in diabetic cats. Animals: Ninety cats with newly diagnosed diabetes, followed‐up until death or remission. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from records at admission, including history, signalment, physical examination, haematology, and biochemical profile, and the occurrence and duration of remission, defined as normoglycemia without insulin for ≥4 weeks. Predictors of remission were studied with univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Factors associated with remission duration were analyzed with Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Forty‐five (50%) cats achieved remission, after a median time of 48 days (range: 8–216). By study end, median remission duration was 114 days (range: 30–3,370) in cats that died and 151 days (range: 28–1,180) in alive cats. Remission was more likely with higher age (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04–1.46; P= .01) and less likely with increased serum cholesterol (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.11–0.87; P= .04). Remission was longer with higher body weight (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42–0.99; P= .04) and shorter with higher blood glucose (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02; P= .02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Age, body weight, cholesterol, and glucose levels are suggested for prediction of remission or its duration in diabetic cats. Older cats developing diabetes may have a better outcome, possibly suggesting a slower disease progression.  相似文献   

Development of a questionnaire to assess the impact of atopic dermatitis on health-related quality of life of affected dogs and their owners     

Claude Favrot  Monika Linek  Ralf Mueller  Eric Zini  for the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(1):64-70

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or chronically relapsing human and canine skin disease that is known to affect the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals. Several studies have been conducted to develop disease-specific questionnaires and assess QoL in parents of children with AD and in the children themselves. The severity of canine AD is however currently evaluated using only clinical and pruritus scores. Measurement of the QoL of affected dogs and their owners could therefore provide a new tool for assessing disease severity and treatment efficacy. Ninety-eight owners of AD-affected dogs were asked to complete two questionnaires aiming to evaluate the QoL of affected dogs and their owners on one hand and the relationship between them and their dog on the other hand. Statistical analyses were carried out in order to assess the validity of the questionnaires and to select relevant questions for future studies. These analyses resulted in the selection of 13 questions that could be used in further studies aiming at determining the QoL of affected animals and their owners.  相似文献   

Innate Immunology of Bovine Respiratory Disease     

Mark R. Ackermann  Rachel Derscheid  James A. Roth 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2010

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Intra- and interlaboratory variability of allergen-specific IgE levels in atopic dogs in three different laboratories using the Fc-ɛ receptor testing     

Nina Thom  Claude Favrot  Klaus Failing  Ralf S. Mueller  Reto Neiger  Monika Linek 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2010,133(2-4):183-189

The IgE specific Fc-? receptor test is widely used for serological evaluation of allergic canine patients. Aim of the study was to evaluate intra- and interlaboratory variability in three independent laboratories. Duplicate serum aliquots from 15 atopic dogs were submitted simultaneously to 3 laboratories (LA, LB, LC), which subsequently performed the test in a blinded fashion. LA and LC analysed sera for 35 allergens and expressed the results as optical density units (OD), while LB analysed 15 allergens and provided reaction grades (RG). Results were compared with three factorial ANOVA. Intralaboratory variability was evaluated by calculating the dispersion factor for data of LA and LC and standard deviation (SD) for LB. Correlation coefficients (r) were used to evaluate interlaboratory variability. Depending on the allergens, intralaboratory dispersion factor for LA and LC varied from 1.15 to 6.63 and 1.19 to 6.17, respectively. In LB the SD varied between 0 and 0.6 RG. Regarding interlaboratory variability, correlation of OD values between LA and LC was excellent (r > 0.8, p < 0.001) for 13 of 35 allergens. There was a significant difference in OD results for 9 allergens. The results were significantly correlated (r > 0.8, p < 0.001) for all except 3 allergens (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, mixed grasses, nettle). As far as negative/positive results were concerned, intralaboratory differences were 3.14% and interlaboratory differences were 4.76%.  相似文献