Sources of resistance in Musa to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum,the causal agent of banana xanthomonas wilt     

G. V. Nakato  P. Christelová  E. Were  M. Nyine  T. A. Coutinho  J. Doležel  B. Uwimana  R. Swennen  G. Mahuku 《Plant pathology》2019,68(1):49-59

It is claimed that, with the exception of Musa balbisiana, all banana varieties are susceptible to bacterial wilt caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm). Despite being resistant to Xcm infection, M. balbisiana is not preferred for breeding because it belongs to the BB genome subgroup, while most edible bananas are of the A genome. To identify potential sources of resistance to Xcm, 72 banana accessions representing the Musa genetic diversity were evaluated in an outdoor confined potted trial. The midribs of the youngest leaf of 3-month-old banana plants were inoculated with 10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹ of Xcm isolate USY13P, and symptom development assessed weekly for 4 months. Results confirmed that M. balbisiana genotypes are indeed resistant to Xcm. Varieties within the Musa acuminata subsp. zebrina (AA) set were further identified as potentially useful sources of Xcm resistance. These findings reveal the potential to develop banana and plantain varieties with tolerance to Xcm.  相似文献   

Multilocus sequence typing reveals the presence of three distinct flavescence dorée phytoplasma genetic clusters in Croatian vineyards     

J. Plavec  Ž. Budinšćak  I. Križanac  D. Škorić  X. Foissac  M. Šeruga Musić 《Plant pathology》2019,68(1):18-30

Flavescence dorée phytoplasma (FDp) is a quarantine pathogen associated with a severe and epidemic grapevine yellows disease representing a great threat for grapevine cultivation in Europe. An increase in disease spread prompted efforts to identify FDp strains in Croatia. Over 800 samples of grapevine together with presumed reservoir plants and almost 400 samples of Scaphoideus titanus and other potential vectors were collected countrywide and analysed. FDp isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of map, secY and uvrB-degV genes in order to determine genetic diversity and structure of FDp populations, and to trace transmission pathways. FD-related phytoplasmas were found in Croatia for the first time in alder, the invasive tree species Ailanthus altissima and leafhopper Phlogotettix cyclops. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of three mapFD strain clusters: mapFD1, mapFD2 and mapFD3, and for the first time in Croatia a case of Palatinate grapevine yellows strain A (PGY-A). In total, 7 different map, 10 secY and 11 uvrB-degV genotypes were detected. The identification of 15 comprehensive FDp genotypes based on MLST suggests separate routes for disease introduction and propagation origins in Croatia. Moreover, high genetic variability of Croatian isolates indicates a complex ecological cycle of FDp involving various hosts.  相似文献   

Insight into High-Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction of Polyphenols from Tomato Peel Waste     

Grassino  Antonela Ninčević  Pedisić  Sandra  Dragović-Uzelac  Verica  Karlović  Sven  Ježek  Damir  Bosiljkov  Tomislav 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(3):427-433

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - In this paper, high-hydrostatic pressure extraction (HHPE) as an emerging food processing and preservation technique constitutes an alternative to conventional...  相似文献   

The Use of Multi Criteria Models for Decision Support System in Fruit Production     

Črtomir Rozman  Aleksandar Maksimović  Adis Puška  Zoan Grgić  Karmen Pažek  Boris Prevolšek  Ferhat Ćejvanović 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(3):235-243

The success or failure of an investment project in fruit production also depends on the selection of the fruit species and variety. When selecting the variety for the creation of a new orchard it is necessary to perform the synthesis of different data and to look at all aspects of the investment. This paper presents the application of DEX multi-criteria decision making. The model was applied on 7 varieties of plum from the western Balkans region that were assessed by experts from “The association of agricultural economists of Western Balkans” using the Delphi method.By applying this model it has been shown that the ’Stanley’ is the most suitable for starting a new orchard while the varieties ’?a?anska ljepotica’ and ’?a?anska rodna’ are also very suitable for starting new fruit orchards and they have also received the value attribute “very acceptable”.Using this model all strong and weak sides of the observed plum variety were shown. For the final selection it is necessary to conduct research at a specific micro location where all characteristics of that area would also be taken into consideration.  相似文献   

Field study indicating susceptibility differences between salmonid species and their lineages to proliferative kidney disease     

Eva Syrová  Miroslava Palíková  Jan Mendel  Veronika Seidlová  Ivana Papežíková  Heike Schmidt-Posthaus  Kristina Somerlíková  Hana Minářová  Lukáš Mareš  Ivana Mikulíková  Jiří Pikula  Jan Mareš 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(10):1201-1211

Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea) is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD), which affects both wild and farmed salmonid fish. The objective of this study was to outline differences in susceptibility to PKD in different salmonid species, hybrids and breeding lineages. Susceptibility to T. bryosalmonae infection was established based on cumulative mortality, pathological findings and detection of T. bryosalmonae in the kidney using immunohistochemistry and molecular methods. Determination of pure and hybrid individuals of different species in the genus Salvelinus, and dissimilarity of rainbow trout lineages, was performed using traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microsatellite analyses. Rainbow trout displayed higher disease severity compared with brook trout and Alsatian charr. Moreover, the results indicated differences in infection susceptibility, not only among different salmonid species but also among different lineages of charr and rainbow trout. Our study indicated that some salmonid species and even different lineages of the same species are more suitable for farming under PKD pressure.  相似文献   

Microbiological aspects of common carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis>) and its processing—relevance for final product quality: a review     

Meta Sterniša  Jan Mraz  Sonja Smole Možina 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(6):1569-1590

The aquaculture production of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the biggest on a global scale, although European production represents a minor part. Thus, common carp is a little-exploited, low-cost, and highly nutritious food source. For development of new quality products that have customers’ appeal and are safe, a combination of traditional and novel technologies can be used. However, good quality raw material is of basic importance for further processing and final product quality. Fish microbiota have a major role in fish spoilage and as potential human pathogens. To diminish the negative impact of the microbiota on fish, different methods and technologies can be used. The important steps before the final product processing in the production of common carp products include purging, transport, pre-slaughter storage, slaughter method, bleeding, cleaning, desliming, descaling, and gutting. The most important factor in fish spoilage prevention is chilling, although to assure longer freshness and shelf-life, the concept of hurdle technology should be used. Many preservation and packaging techniques have been developed for fish products, but not all have been researched for common carp products. This review aims to identify the gaps in research, knowledge, and practice for the microbiological aspects that impact upon the production of high-quality common carp food products.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of common carp,Cyprinus carpio L., strains and crossbreeds reared in the Czech Republic to infection by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3; KHV)     

V Piačková  M Flajšhans  D Pokorová  D Gela  A Čížek  T Veselý 《Journal of fish diseases》2013,36(1):75-80

  相似文献   

Simple Technologies for Converting Rest Raw Materials of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) into High-Quality,Valuable, and Tasty Feed Ingredients     

Rasa Šližytė  Margareth Opheim  Ivar Storrø  Hallgeir Sterten 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(5):604-619

Rest raw materials as viscera, heads, and frames from farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were hydrolyzed with the use of endogenous enzymes and the commercial enzymes Protamex and a mixture of Papain and Bromelain. Composition of the prehydrolysis mixture clearly influenced the quality of final hydrolysate and process kinetics. An increased proportion of viscera increased the amount of endogenous enzymes, which influenced hydrolysis kinetics, the extent of hydrolysis, and increased bitterness. Commercial enzymes, in addition to endogenous enzymes, are not always more yield efficient or economically beneficial but can be used to improve the taste and to ease the separation of oil from the hydrolysate fraction. Hydrolysis of denatured proteins in rest raw materials was hardly detectable. Optimum temperature should therefore be selected to avoid protein denaturation and simultaneously maintain high enzymatic activity. Hydrolysates preferably contain a low concentration of oil, and this work shows that high-quality oil can be separated before hydrolysis by mild thermal treatment. The previous separation of oil did not influence hydrolysate yield and decreased the concentration of lipids in the final hydrolysate. The initial separation of oil also increased productivity of the hydrolysis reactor, due to the reduction of hydrolysis volume.  相似文献   

Lithuanian forests and climate change: possible effects on tree species composition     

Remigijus Ozolinčius  Edmundas Lekevičius  Vidas Stakėnas  Audronė Galvonaitė  Arūnas Samas  Donatas Valiukas 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(1):51-60

Outputs from the HadCM3 Global Climate Circulation Model according to scenarios A2 and B1 were used for climate change predictions in Lithuania. According to scenario A2, the annual temperature will increase by approximately 4.0 °C from 2061 to 2090, while scenario B1 predicts an increase of 2.0 °C. In contrast to scenario B1, scenario A2 predicts an annual increase in precipitation of 15–20 % at the end of the century. Based on the predicted climatic data for the two scenarios and climate maps by European Food Safety Authority for the EU, we created climate analogues for Lithuania for 2031–2060 and 2061–2090. These areas were overlain by the digital map of native tree species distributions in Europe, which was created from the European Forest Genetic Resources Programme database. If climate changes occur according to scenario B1, in 2031–2060, Lithuania’s climate will become suitable for approximately five to six alien species, such as Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Populus nigra, and Prunus avium. In 2061–2090, these species will be joined by Sorbus domestica and Tilia platyphyllos. If climate changes occur according to scenario A2, at the end of the twenty-first century, Castanea sativa, Quercus pubescens, and Sorbus torminalis could expand this list. With respect to species dispersal rates, there is a high probability that the species A. campestre, A. pseudoplatanus, P. nigra, and P. avium will become immigrants to Lithuanian forests at the end of the twenty-first century. Approximately 20 new species native to Europe will be suitable for cultivation (scenario A2). Climate change will affect the distributions of native species too. An increase in the proportion of deciduous tree species (except Alnus incana) and some reduction in the proportion of conifers, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), are expected in Lithuanian forests.  相似文献   

Early fungal community succession following crown fire in Pinus mugo stands and surface fire in Pinus sylvestris stands     

Jurga Motiejūnaitė  Gražina Adamonytė  Reda Iršėnaitė  Sigitas Juzėnas  Jonas Kasparavičius  Ernestas Kutorga  Svetlana Markovskaja 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(4):745-756

The early post-fire development of mycobiota following a crown fire in mountain pine plantations and a surface fire in Scots pine plantations, and in the corresponding unburnt stands in the coastal sand dunes of the Curonian Spit in western Lithuania was investigated. Species numbers in unburnt Pinus mugo and Pinus sylvestris stands showed annual fluctuation, but in the burnt sites, the numbers of fungi increased yearly, especially in the crown fire plots. Both burnt stand types—P. mugo and P. sylvestris—showed strongly significant (two-way ANOSIM; R = 1, p < 0.05) differences in species composition; the differences between unburnt sites were clearly expressed but less significant (R = 0.86, p < 0.05). Fungal species composition of burnt P. mugo and P. sylvestris sites was qualitatively different from that of corresponding unburnt sites (two-way ANOSIM; R ≥ 0.75, p < 0.05). The chronosequence of mycobiota in surface fire burns was less clearly defined than in crown fire sites, reflecting the greater patchiness of impacts of the surface fire. Although both fire types were detrimental or at least damaging to all functional groups of fungi (saprobic on soil and forest litter, wood-inhabiting, biotrophic, and mycorrhizal and lichenized fungi), their recovery and appearance (fructification) patterns varied between the groups and among the burn types. The end of the early post-fire fungal succession (cessation of sporocarp production of pyrophilous fungi) was recorded 3 years after the fire for both crown and surface fire types, which is earlier than reported by other authors. Rare or threatened fungal species that are dependent on fire regime were not recorded during the study.  相似文献