The geologically recent giant impact basins at Vesta's south pole     

Schenk P  O'Brien DP  Marchi S  Gaskell R  Preusker F  Roatsch T  Jaumann R  Buczkowski D  McCord T  McSween HY  Williams D  Yingst A  Raymond C  Russell C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6082):694-697

Dawn's global mapping of Vesta reveals that its observed south polar depression is composed of two overlapping giant impact features. These large basins provide exceptional windows into impact processes at planetary scales. The youngest, Rheasilvia, is 500 kilometers wide and 19 kilometers deep and finds its nearest morphologic analog among large basins on low-gravity icy satellites. Extensive ejecta deposits occur, but impact melt volume is low, exposing an unusual spiral fracture pattern that is likely related to faulting during uplift and convergence of the basin floor. Rheasilvia obliterated half of another 400-kilometer-wide impact basin, Veneneia. Both basins are unexpectedly young, roughly 1 to 2 billion years, and their formation substantially reset Vestan geology and excavated sufficient volumes of older compositionally heterogeneous crustal material to have created the Vestoids and howardite-eucrite-diogenite meteorites.  相似文献   

Effect of prolonged administration of clenbuterol on airway reactivity and sweating in horses with inflammatory airway disease     

Read JR  Boston RC  Abraham G  Bauquier SH  Soma LR  Nolen-Walston RD 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(1):140-145

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Characteristics of commercially manufactured and compounded protamine zinc insulin     

Scott-Moncrieff JC  Moore GE  Coe J  Lynn RC  Gwin W  Petzold R 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(5):600-605

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Gel-Bead Delivery of Eimeria oocysts protects chickens against coccidiosis     

Jenkins MC  Parker C  Klopp S  O'Brien C  Miska K  Fetterer R 《Avian diseases》2012,56(2):306-309

Vaccines composed of either virulent or attenuated Eimeria spp. oocysts have been developed as an alternative to medication of feed with ionophore drugs or synthetic chemicals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of gel-beads containing a mixture of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella oocysts as a vaccine against coccidiosis. Newly hatched chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were either sprayed with an aqueous suspension of Eimeria oocysts or were allowed to ingest feed containing Eimeria oocysts-incorporated gel-beads. Control day-old chicks were given an equivalent number of Eimeria oocysts (10(4) total) by oral gavage. After 3 days, chicks were randomly assigned to individual cages, and feces were collected between days 5 and 8 postinfection. All samples were processed for total Eimeria oocysts. At 4 wk of age, all chickens and a control nonimmunized group received a high-dose E acervulina, E maxima, and E. tenella challenge infection. Oocyst excretion by chicks fed gel-beads or inoculated by oral gavage was 10- to 100-fold greater than that of chicks spray-vaccinated with the Eimeria oocysts mixture (log 6.3-6.6 vs. log 4.8). Subsequent protection against challenge as measured by weight gain and feed conversion efficiency was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in gel-bead and oral gavage groups compared with spray-vaccinated or nonimmunized groups. Also, gel-bead and oral gavage groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion efficiency compared with nonchallenged controls. These findings indicate that incorporation of Eimeria spp. oocysts in gel-beads may represent an effective way to deliver live oocyst vaccines to day-old chicks for preventing subsequent outbreaks of coccidiosis in the field.  相似文献   

Optimization of a Staphylococcus aureus adhesion assay for equine corneocytes     

Griffeth GC  Callori N  Rankin SC  Boston RC  Morris DO 《Veterinary dermatology》2012,23(1):57-60, e13

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes serious skin and soft-tissue infections of humans and animals. Multiple strains of MRSA have been characterized, and one in particular, designated as strain USA 500, causes infections predominantly of horses and the people who work with them. The purpose of this study was to optimize an assay which could subsequently be used to compare the relative avidity of different S. aureus strains for equine corneocytes. Corneocytes were collected from the perineal skin of 10 healthy horses onto adhesive discs. The discs were then incubated at 37°C with an S. aureus field strain at each of three concentrations [10(7), 10(8) and 10(9) colony forming units (CFU)/mL] and for each of three incubation periods (45, 90 and 180 min). After standardized rinsing and staining procedures, discs were examined at ×1,000 magnification and areas containing confluent corneocytes photographed. The percentage of surface area occupied by adherent bacteria was analysed using image processing and analysis software. Significant colour space image processing was required to distinguish bacteria from the ubiquitous melanin granules present within equine corneocytes. Objective and subjective methods were used to determine optimal conditions for specific adherence without introducing confounding factors. A bacterial concentration of 10(8) CFU/mL incubated with corneocytes for 45 min produced maximal bacterial adhesion with the least amount of interbacterial clumping. Future studies should utilize these conditions for optimal assay performance.  相似文献   

Differences in ascorbate and glutathione levels as indicators of resistance and susceptibility in Eucalyptus trees infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi     

RW Dempsey  A Merchant  M Tausz 《Tree physiology》2012,32(9):1148-1160

In this study we investigated the role that ascorbate (AA) and glutathione (GSH) play in the plant pathogen interaction of susceptible Eucalyptus sieberi L. A. Johnson and resistant Eucalyptus sideroxylon Woolls with Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands root infection. In a glasshouse study, seedlings were grown in soil-free plant boxes to facilitate the inoculation of the root systems by a P. cinnamomi zoospore solution. Ascorbate and GSH concentrations were measured in infected roots and leaves, along with leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and carbohydrate concentrations over a time course up to 312 h (13 days) post-inoculation (pi). At the early stages of infection (from 24 h pi), significant decreases in AA and GSH concentrations were observed in the infected roots and leaves of the susceptible E. sieberi seedlings. At the later stage of infection (312 h pi), the earlier AA decreases in the leaves of infected plants had become significant increases. In contrast, late, significant AA increases in the absence of any GSH changes were observed in the infected roots of the resistant E. sideroxylon seedlings. In E. sideroxylon leaves, a significant GSH increase occurred at 24 h pi; however, by 312 h pi the earlier increase had become a significant decrease, while no changes occurred in AA. In E. sieberi, photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)) and PSII quantum efficiency (Φ(PSII)) were reduced by ～60, 80 and 30%, respectively, in infected plants and remained significantly lower than uninfected controls for the duration of the experiment. Significant reductions in these parameters did not occur until later (120 h pi for g(s) and 312 h pi for A and Φ(PSII)), and to a lesser extent in the resistant species. Non-structural carbohydrate analysis of roots and leaves indicate that carbohydrate metabolism and resource flow between shoots and roots may have been altered at later infection stages. This study suggests that reduced antioxidant capacity, leaf physiological function and carbohydrate metabolism are associated with susceptibility in E. sieberi to P. cinnamomi infection, while AA increases and new root formation were associated with resistance in E. sideroxylon.  相似文献   

Exogenous L‐lactate clearance in adult horses     

Pedro De Pedro DVM  Maureen A. McMichael DVM  DACVECC  Levent Dirikolu DVM  PhD  Kara M. Lascola DVM  MS  DACVIM  Stuart C. Clark‐Price DVM  MS  DACVIM  DACVA  Raymond C. Boston BSc  MSc  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(5):564-572

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Predictive Factors of Sensitivity to Elisidepsin,a Novel Kahalalide F-Derived Marine Compound     

Maria Serova  Armand de Gramont  Ivan Bieche  Maria Eugenia Riveiro  Carlos Maria Galmarini  Miguel Aracil  José Jimeno  Sandrine Faivre  Eric Raymond 《Marine drugs》2013,11(3):944-959

Elisidepsin (PM02734, Irvalec^®) is a synthetic marine-derived cyclic peptide of the Kahalalide F family currently in phase II clinical development. Elisidepsin was shown to induce rapid oncosis in ErbB3-expressing cells. Other predictive factors of elisidepsin sensitivity remained unknown. A panel of 23 cancer cell lines of different origin was assessed for elisidepsin cytotoxicity and correlated with mutational state, mRNA and protein expression of selected genes. Elisidepsin showed potent and broad cytotoxic effects in our cancer cell line panel, being active at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 2 μM that may be relevant for clinical settings. We have shown that elisidepsin is more active in cells harboring epithelial phenotype with high E-cadherin and low vimentin expression. In addition, high ErbB3 and Muc1 expression was correlated with sensitivity to elisidepsin, whereas the presence of KRAS activating mutations was associated with resistance. In DU-PM cells with acquired resistance to elisidepsin, ErbB3 expression was decreased, while Bcl2 was increased. DU-PM cells displayed higher sensitivity to ErbB1-inhibitors suggesting possible cross-talk of ErbB1 and ErbB3 signaling pathways. Combinations of elisidepsin with lapatinib and several chemotherapies including 5-FU and oxaliplatin resulted in synergistic effects that offer the potential of clinical use of elisidepsin in combination settings.  相似文献   

Single Varietal Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Pastas: Nutritional Profile and Consumer Acceptability     

Hooper  Sharon D.  Glahn  Raymond P.  Cichy  Karen A. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(3):342-349

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a nutrient dense food rich in protein, dietary fiber, minerals, and folate. Consumption of dry beans is relatively low in the...  相似文献   

Pomegranate phenolics from the peels, arils, and flowers are antiatherogenic: studies in vivo in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein e-deficient (E 0) mice and in vitro in cultured macrophages and lipoproteins   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Aviram M  Volkova N  Coleman R  Dreher M  Reddy MK  Ferreira D  Rosenblat M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):1148-1157

We have analyzed in vivo and in vitro the antiatherogenic properties and mechanisms of action of all pomegranate fruit parts: peels (POMxl, POMxp), arils (POMa), seeds (POMo), and flowers (POMf), in comparison to whole fruit juice (PJ). Atherosclerotic E 0 mice consumed POM extracts [200 microg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mouse/day] for 3 months. Blood samples, peritoneal macrophages (MPM), and aortas were then collected. All POM extracts possess antioxidative properties in vitro. After consumption of PJ, POMxl, POMxp, POMa, or POMf by E (0) mice, the atherosclerotic lesion area was significantly decreased by 44, 38, 39, 6, or 70%, respectively, as compared to placebo-treated group, while POMo had no effect. POMf consumption reduced serum lipids, and glucose levels by 18-25%. PJ, POMxl, POMxp, POMf, or POMa consumption resulted in a significant decrement, by 53, 42, 35, 27, or 13%, respectively, in MPM total peroxides content, and increased cellular paraoxonase 2 (PON2) activity, as compared to placebo-treated mice. The uptake rates of oxidized-LDL by E (0)-MPM were significantly reduced by approximately 15% after consumption of PJ, POMxl, or POMxp. Similar results were obtained on using J774A.1 macrophage cell line. Finally, pomegranate phenolics (punicalagin, punicalin, gallic acid, and ellagic acid), as well as pomegranate unique complexed sugars, could mimic the antiatherogenic effects of pomegranate extracts. We conclude that attenuation of atherosclerosis development by some of the POM extracts and, in particular, POMf, could be related to the combined beneficial effects on serum lipids levels and on macrophage atherogenic properties.  相似文献