The effect of repeated eye examinations and breeding advice on the prevalence and incidence of cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy in German dachshunds over a 13‐year period          下载免费PDF全文

Sarah Koll  Sven Reese  Ivica Medugorac  Carsten U. Rosenhagen  Rick F. Sanchez  Roberto Köstlin 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2017,20(2):114-122

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What is your diagnosis? Blood film from a Black bear (Ursus americanus)          下载免费PDF全文

Angela D. Gwynn  Leslie Sharkey  Rick Gerhold  Anthony Holland  Edmund J. Isaac  Shelly Michalski  Laura Teigen 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2017,46(4):643-644

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Conserving genomic variability in large mammals: Effect of population fluctuations and variance in male reproductive success on variability in Yellowstone bison     

Andrés Pérez-Figueroa  Rick L. Wallen  Tiago Antao  Jason A. Coombs  Michael K. Schwartz  P.J. White  Gordon Luikart 《Biological conservation》2012,150(1):159-166

Loss of genetic variation through genetic drift can reduce population viability. However, relatively little is known about loss of variation caused by the combination of fluctuating population size and variance in reproductive success in age structured populations. We built an individual-based computer simulation model to examine how actual culling and hunting strategies influence the effective population size (N_e) and allelic diversity in Yellowstone bison over 200 years (～28 generations). The N_e for simulated populations ranged from 746 in stable populations of size 2000 up to 1165 in fluctuating populations whose census size fluctuates between 3000 and 3500 individuals. Simulations suggested that ～93% of allelic diversity, for loci with five alleles will be maintained over 200 years if the population census size remains well above ～2000 bison (and if variance in male reproductive success is high). However for loci with 20 alleles, only 83% of allelic diversity will be maintained over 200 years. Removal of only juveniles (calves and yearlings) resulted in longer generation intervals which led to higher maintenance of allelic diversity (96%) after 200 years compared to the culling of adults (94%) when the mean census size was 3250 (for loci with five alleles). These simulations suggest that fluctuations in population census size do not necessarily accelerate the loss of genetic variation, at least for the relatively large census size and growing populations such as in Yellowstone bison. They also suggest that the conservation of high allelic diversity (>95%) at loci with many alleles (e.g., ?5) will require maintenance of a populations size greater than approximately 3250 and removal of mainly or only juveniles.  相似文献   

The GLP-1 mimetic exenatide potentiates insulin secretion in healthy cats     

Gilor C  Graves TK  Gilor S  Ridge TK  Rick M 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2011,41(1):42-49

The glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic exenatide has a glucose-dependent insulinotropic effect, and it is effective in controlling blood glucose (BG) with minimal side effects in people with type 2 diabetes. Exenatide also delays gastric emptying, increases satiety, and improves β-cell function. We studied the effect of exenatide on insulin secretion during euglycemia and hyperglycemia in cats. Nine young, healthy, neutered, purpose-bred cats were used in a randomized, cross-over design. BG concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test were determined in these cats previously. Two isoglycemic glucose clamps (mimicking the BG concentration during the oral glucose tolerance test) were performed in each cat on separate days, one without prior treatment (IGC) and the second with exenatide (1 μg/kg) injected subcutaneously 2 h before (ExIGC). BG, insulin, and exenatide concentrations were measured, and glucose infusion rates were recorded and compared in paired tests between the two experiments. After exenatide injection, insulin serum concentrations increased significantly (2.4-fold; range 1.0- to 9.2-fold; P = 0.004) within 15 min. This was followed by a mild decrease in BG concentration and a return of insulin concentration to baseline despite a continuous increase in serum exenatide concentrations. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) during ExIGC was significantly higher than insulin AUC during IGC (AUC ratio, 2.0 ± 0.4; P = 0.03). Total glucose infused was not significantly different between IGC and ExIGC. Exenatide was detectable in plasma at 15 min after injection. The mean exenatide concentration peaked at 45 min and then returned to baseline by 75 min. Exenatide was still detectable in the serum of three of five cats 8 h after injection. No adverse reactions to exenatide were observed. In conclusion, exenatide affects insulin secretion in cats in a glucose-dependent manner, similar to its effect in other species. Although this effect was not accompanied by a greater ability to dispose of an intravenous glucose infusion, other potentially beneficial effects of exenatide on pancreatic β cells, mainly increasing their proliferation and survival, should be investigated in cats.  相似文献   

Cytologic findings in cerebrospinal fluid from two animals with GM2-gangliosisosis     

Johnsrude JD  Alleman AR  Schumacher J  Hopkins AL  Homer B  Fox J  Harvey JW 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1996,25(3):80-83

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Measurement of plasma gentamicin concentrations postchemical ciliary body ablation in dogs with chronic glaucoma          下载免费PDF全文

Amy J. Rankin  Rick Lanuza  Butch KuKanich  William C. Crumley  Jonathan D. Pucket  Rachel A. Allbaugh  Jessica M. Meekins 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2016,19(1):57-62

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Edge geometry influences patch-level habitat use by an edge specialist in south-eastern Australia   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Rick S. Taylor  Joanne M. Oldland  Michael F. Clarke 《Landscape Ecology》2008,23(4):377-389

We investigated patterns in habitat use by the noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala) along farmland-woodland edges of large patches of remnant vegetation (>300 ha) in the highly fragmented box-ironbark woodlands and forests of central Victoria, Australia. Noisy miners exclude small birds from their territories, and are considered a significant threat to woodland bird communities in the study region. Seventeen different characteristics of edge habitat were recorded, together with the detection or non-detection of noisy miners along 129 500-m segments of patch edge. Habitat characteristics ranged from patch-level factors related to patch-edge geometry to site-level floristic factors. Backward (stepwise) logistic regression analyses were used to identify habitat characteristics that were associated with the occupancy of a site by noisy miners. After accounting for the effects of spatial autocorrelation on the occurrence of noisy miners along edges, we identified projections of remnant vegetation from the patch edge into the agricultural matrix (e.g., corners of patches, peninsulas of vegetation) and clumps of trees in the agricultural matrix within 100 m of the edge as significant predictors of the occupancy of edges by noisy miners. This relationship was also confirmed in two other geographically and floristically distinct habitats within Victoria. The use of edges with projections by noisy miners may confer advantages in interspecific territorial defence. In light of these results, we advocate revegetation strategies that attempt to enclose projections within 100 m of the edge, with fencing placed out to this new boundary, to reduce the likelihood of colonisation and domination of an edge by noisy miners. Our study highlights the need for greater consideration to be given to the patterns in habitat use by aggressive edge specialists, particularly in relation to patch-edge geometry and other human-induced components of landscapes.  相似文献   

Response to Letter to the Editor: Do we have to redefine lameness in the era of quantitative gait analysis          下载免费PDF全文

S. Adair  M. Baus  J. Belknap  R. Bell  M. Boero  C. Bussy  F. Cardenas  T. Casey  J. Castro  W. Davis  M. Erskine  R. Farr  T. Fischer  B. Forbes  T. Ford  R. Genovese  R. Gottschalk  M. Hoge  C. Honnas  G. Hunter  J. Joyce  A. Kaneps  K. Keegan  J. Kramer  C. Lischer  J. Marshall  M. Oosterlinck  P. Radue  R. Redding  S. K. Reed  M. Rick  E. Santschi  M. Schoonover  M. Schramme  John Schumacher  R. Stephenson  R. Thaler  J. Vedding Neilsen  D. A. Wilson 《Equine veterinary journal》2018,50(3):415-417

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Controlling One-Seed Juniper Saplings With Small Ruminants: What We Have Learned     

Rick E. Estell  Andres F. Cibils  Santiago A. Utsumi  Dave Stricklan  Elizabeth M. Butler  Alyssa I. Fish  Amy C. Ganguli 《Herpetological Monographs》2018,40(5):129-135

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More than meets the eye: subretinal aspirate from an acutely blind dog     

Rizzi TE  Cowell RL  Meinkoth JH  Gilmour MA 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(1):111-113

A 14-year-old, spayed female Cocker Spaniel was presented to the Boren Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Oklahoma State University with acute loss of vision in the right eye and a history of intermittent bloody diarrhea of unknown duration. Small, white, plaque-like lesions in the retina and subretina were visualized by direct ophthalmic examination, and aspirated with ultrasound-guidance. A direct smear of the subretinal fluid was highly cellular and contained large numbers of pleomorphic organisms consistent with Prototheca sp. The structures were round, oval, or elongated, 4-6 microm width and 8-16 microm in length and surrounded by a thin, clear cell wall. Small, central, pink to purple nuclei were observed in some organisms, but in most, the nuclei were obscured by a deeply basophilic, granular cytoplasm. Some organisms contained endospores. Negatively-stained structures of similar size and shape were considered to be empty casings (theca) of ruptured sporulating and nonsporulating forms of the organism. Protothecosis usually is a disseminated, fatal disease in dogs. The Prototheca organisms observed in this case showed characteristic morphology, illustrating the ability to diagnose protothecosis in cytologic samples.  相似文献