Molecular epidemiology of VapA-positive Rhodococcus equi in thoroughbred horses in Kagoshima,Japan     

Yuyama T  Yusa S  Yoshizumi K  Yamano S  Murata S  Hirose T  Osanai R  Onishi Y  Osato S  Sasaki C  Sasaki Y  Kakuda T  Tsubaki S  Takai S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(8):715-718

The prevalence of virulent R. equi having 15- to 17-kDa antigens (VapA) in fecal isolates from 13 thoroughbred foals and their dams on 5 farms in Kagoshima, Japan, and the plasmid profiles of VapA-positive isolates by restriction fragment digestion patterns were investigated to compare the genotypic variation among virulence plasmids of R. equi isolates from Japan. In total, 218 (24.6%) of 886 isolates from the feces of the 13 foals and 13 (12.5%) of 104 isolates from the feces of their dams demonstrated VapA-positive R. equi. Plasmid DNA preparations of 231 virulent isolates from foals and dams were analyzed by restriction enzyme digestion with endonucleases EcoRI, EcoT22I and HindIII and were divided into 3 types: 172 isolates contained a 90-kb type I plasmid, 57 contained a 90-kb type III plasmid and 2 contained a 90-kb type IV plasmid. This study demonstrates a geographic character in the distribution of virulence plasmids found in VapA-positive isolates from thoroughbred foals in Kagoshima.  相似文献   

Tissue distribution of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in Lagocephalus pufferfish collected in Vietnam     

Thuy  Linh Vu  Yamamoto  Shigeru  Kawaura  Rika  Takemura  Naoki  Yamaki  Kohei  Yasumoto  Ko  Takada  Kentaro  Watabe  Shugo  Sato  Shigeru 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(6):1101-1110

Fisheries Science - Pufferfish belonging to Lagocephalus are composed of several species, some of which have been recognized to be non-toxic. Although fish belonging to this genus inhabit a wide...  相似文献   

Degradation of flumioxazin in illuminated water-sediment systems     

Shibata A  Kodaka R  Fujisawa T  Katagi T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):11186-11195

The aerobic aquatic metabolism of flumioxazin was studied in two water-sediment systems under illumination and in darkness to investigate its degradation profiles. (14)C-Flumioxazin separately labeled at the 1- and 2-positions of the tetrahydrophthalimide moiety or uniformly labeled at the phenyl ring was applied to a overlying water at a rate equivalent to 600 g ai/ha by assuming uniform distribution in the water layer to a depth of 100 cm. Flumioxazin was rapidly degraded at 20 °C in the overlying waters irrespective of irradiation with half-lives of 0.1-0.4 day. Both various modes of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses showed four major degradates under irradiation. Two of them were formed via successive hydrolysis of the cyclic imide ring, and the others were 2-arizidinone derivatives via photoinduced rearrangement. The presence of sediment under illumination greatly reduced the formation of these degradates and accelerated their degradation. The partitions of flumioxazin and its degradates to the bottom sediment not only reduced their fractions in the water layer subjected to hydrolysis and photolysis but also enhanced their microbial degradation in the sediment. The illuminated water-sediment systems were considered to more adequately represent the behavior of flumioxazin and its degradates in the environment than the corresponding studies of aqueous photolysis and water-sediment in darkness.  相似文献   

Isolation and identification of flavonoids accumulated in proanthocyanidin-free barley     

Nakano H  Kawada N  Yoshida M  Ono H  Iwaura R  Tonooka T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(17):9581-9587

Flavonoids accumulated in proanthocyanidin-free near-isogenic lines iso ant 13, iso ant 17, and iso ant 22 of Nishinohoshi, developed by backcross breeding using a leading cultivar, Nishinohoshi, as a recurrent parent and a proanthocyanidin-free mutant as a nonrecurrent parent in Japan, were examined. A new flavanone, (2RS)-dihydrotricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), known flavanones (2RS)-dihydrotricin (2) and (2RS)-homoeriodictyol (3), and known flavones chrysoeriol 7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (4), chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), tricin (6), and chrysoeriol (7) were isolated from iso ant 17 of Nishinohoshi. The structures and stereochemistries of the isolated flavonoids (1-7) were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The concentrations of the isolated flavonoids (1-7) in iso ant 13, iso ant 17, and iso ant 22 of Nishinohoshi were similar to each other, whereas the flavonoids 1-5 and 7 were not detected in Nishinohoshi, an old Japanese cultivar, Amaginijo, and North American cultivar Harrington. The concentration of tricin (6) in Nishinohoshi was a half those in iso ant 13, iso ant 17, and iso ant 22 of Nishinohoshi. Except for iso ant 13, iso ant 17, and iso ant 22 of Nishinohoshi, the concentration of tricin (6) was highest in Nishinohoshi, followed by Amaginijo and Harrington. Thus, tricin (6), its precursor dihydrotricin (2), and its glucopyranoside, dihydrotricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), as well as chrysoeriol (7) and homoeriodictyol (3) were accumulated in iso ant 13, iso ant 17, and iso ant 22 of Nishinohoshi probably by blocking at the step of flavanone 3-hydroxylase in the procyanidin biogenetic pathway, resulting in enhancement of the alternative biogenetic pathway.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 homologue from Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks     

Liao M  Zhou J  Hatta T  Umemiya R  Miyoshi T  Tsuji N  Xuan X  Fujisaki K 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,146(1-2):148-157

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C57BL/6 mice infected with Neospora caninum during administration of progesterone show bias toward type 2 immune response     

Kano R  Kudo A  Kamiya H  Kobayashi Y  Maeda R  Omata Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(10):1095-1097

To clarify the role of progesterone in the development of immune responses during pregnancy against Neospora caninum infection, C57BL/6 mice were given a progesterone pellet, and measured on Interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production following the infection. IFN-gamma production in the prescribed group was significantly lower than that in the intact group on day 40 post administration. IL-4 producing cell population in the prescribed group was larger than that in the intact group. These results suggest that progesterone may alter the balance of cytokine production, and that the bias toward type 2 immune response may remain for a certain period after the infection.  相似文献   

Glutathione supplementation to semen extender improves the quality of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa for transcervical insemination     

Kazuko OGATA  Aiko SASAKI  Yuka KATO  Arisa TAKEDA  Mikio WAKABAYASHI  Borjigin SARENTONGLAGA  Mio YAMAGUCHI  Asuka HARA  Rika FUKUMORI  Yoshikazu NAGAO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(2):116-122

The present study was conducted to evaluate whether supplementation of semen extender with glutathione (GSH) can maintain the quality of frozen-thawed canine spermatozoa. Eighteen ejaculates were obtained from 5 dogs and placed in extender (20% egg yolk, Tris, citric acid, lactose, raffinose, antibiotics and 6.5% glycerol) containing 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 mM GSH. The samples were cooled to 4 C and then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor. Motility parameters of the sperm were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 and 24 h after thawing. Sperm motility was higher in the 5 mM GSH group than in the control or 2.5 and 10 mM GSH groups; this effect was observed at 1 to 24 h after thawing (P < 0.05). The 5 mM GSH group had a higher sperm viability index at 12 and 24 h after thawing compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Acrosome integrity, evaluated at 4 h after thawing, was greater in two of the GSH-treated groups (5 and 10 mM) compared with the control. Lipid peroxidation (LP) levels immediately after thawing were lower in the 5 and 10 mM GSH groups compared with the control, while those at 12 h after thawing did not differ significantly. Frozen-thawed semen in the 5 mM GSH group was used for transcervical insemination of 4 bitches, resulting in delivery of 5 puppies from 2 bitches. These results indicate that supplementation of semen extender with 5 mM GSH was effective in improving motility, longevity and acrosomal integrity and inhibiting LP levels in post-thaw canine spermatozoa, without any adverse impacts on full-term development after transcervical insemination.  相似文献   

Anti‐PirA‐like toxin immunoglobulin (IgY) in feeds passively immunizes shrimp against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease     

Rika Nakamura  Ivane R. Pedrosa‐Gerasmio  Rod Russel R. Alenton  Reiko Nozaki  Hidehiro Kondo  Ikuo Hirono 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(8):1125-1132

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), caused by a toxin‐producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain, has become a serious threat to shrimp aquaculture. The need to regulate antibiotic use prompted the development of alternative ways to treat infections in aquaculture including the use of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) for passive immunization. This study evaluated the protective effect of IgY against AHPND infection in Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone). IgY was isolated from eggs laid by hens immunized with recombinant PirA‐like (rPirA) and PirB‐like (rPirB) toxins. Whole‐egg powders having IgY specific to rPirA (anti‐PirA‐IgY) and rPirB (anti‐PirB‐IgY) and IgY from non‐immunized hen (control‐IgY) were mixed with basal diets at 20% concentrations and used to prefeed shrimp 3 days before the bacterial challenge test. Survival rates of the challenged shrimp fed the anti‐PirA‐IgY, anti‐PirB‐IgY and control‐IgY diets were 86%, 14% and 0%, respectively. Only the feed containing anti‐PirA‐IgY protected shrimp against AHPND. Increasing the concentration of rPirA antigen to immunize hens and lowering the amount of egg powder in feeds to 10% consistently showed higher survival rates in shrimp fed with anti‐PirA‐IgY (87%) compared with the control (12%). These results confirm that addition of anti‐PirA‐IgY in feeds could be an effective prophylactic method against AHPND infection in shrimp.  相似文献   

Effects of amino acids infused into the vein on ghrelin‐induced GH,insulin and glucagon secretion in lactating cows     

Rika FUKUMORI  Akinori YOKOTANI  Toshihisa SUGINO  Fumiaki ITOH  Shiro KUSHIBIKI  Hiroyuki SHINGU  Naoko MORIYA  Yoshihisa HASEGAWA  Masayasu KOJIMA  Kenji KANGAWA  Taketo OBITSU  Kohzo TANIGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(2):267-273

To investigate the effects of amino acids on ghrelin‐induced growth hormone (GH), insulin and glucagon secretion in lactating dairy cattle, six Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two infusion treatments in a cross‐over design. Mixture solution of amino acids (AMI) or saline (CON) was continuously infused into the left side jugular vein via catheter for 4 h. At 2 h after the start of infusion, synthetic bovine ghrelin was single injected into the right side jugular vein through the catheter. Ghrelin injection immediately increased plasma GH, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids (P < 0.05) with no difference between both treatments. Additionally, plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations were increased by ghrelin injection in both treatments. The peak value of plasma insulin concentration was greater in AMI compared with CON (P < 0.05). Plasma glucagon concentration showed no difference in the peak value reached at 5 min between both treatments, and then the plasma levels in AMI compared with CON showed sustained higher values (P < 0.05). After plasma glucose concentration reached the peak, the decline was greater in AMI compared with CON (P < 0.05). These results showed that the increased plasma amino acids may enhance ghrelin action which in turn enhances insulin and glucagon secretions in lactating cows.  相似文献   

First glimpse into the origin and spread of the Asian longhorned tick,Haemaphysalis longicornis,in the United States     

Andrea Egizi  Leslie Bulaga‐Seraphin  Erika Alt  Waheed I. Bajwa  Joshua Bernick  Matthew Bickerton  Scott R. Campbell  Neeta Connally  Kandai Doi  Richard C. Falco  David N. Gaines  Telleasha L. Greay  Vanessa L. Harper  Allen C.G. Heath  Ju Jiang  Terry A. Klein  Lauren Maestas  Thomas N. Mather  James L. Occi  Charlotte L. Oskam  Jennifer Pendleton  Marissa Teator  Alec T. Thompson  Danielle M. Tufts  Rika Umemiya‐Shirafuji  Meredith C. VanAcker  Michael J. Yabsley  Dina M. Fonseca 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):637-650

Established populations of Asian longhorned ticks (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis, were first identified in the United States (US) in 2017 by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) ‘barcoding’ locus followed by morphological confirmation. Subsequent investigations detected ALT infestations in 12, mostly eastern, US states. To gain information on the origin and spread of US ALT, we (1) sequenced cox1 from ALT populations across 9 US states and (2) obtained cox1 sequences from potential source populations [China, Japan and Republic of Korea (ROK) as well as Australia, New Zealand and the Kingdom of Tonga (KOT)] both by sequencing and by downloading publicly available sequences in NCBI GenBank. Additionally, we conducted epidemiological investigations of properties near its initial detection locale in Hunterdon County, NJ, as well as a broader risk analysis for importation of ectoparasites into the area. In eastern Asian populations (China/Japan/ROK), we detected 35 cox1 haplotypes that neatly clustered into two clades with known bisexual versus parthenogenetic phenotypes. In Australia/New Zealand/KOT, we detected 10 cox1 haplotypes all falling within the parthenogenetic cluster. In the United States, we detected three differentially distributed cox1 haplotypes from the parthenogenetic cluster, supporting phenotypic evidence that US ALT are parthenogenetic. While none of the source populations examined had all three US cox1 haplotypes, a phylogeographic network analysis supports a northeast Asian source for the US populations. Within the United States, epidemiological investigations indicate ALT can be moved long distances by human transport of animals, such as horses and dogs, with smaller scale movements on wildlife. These results have relevant implications for efforts aimed at minimizing the spread of ALT in the United States and preventing additional exotic tick introductions.  相似文献