Combined approaches to identify genomic regions involved in phenotypic differentiation between low divergent breeds: Application in Sardinian sheep populations     

Salvatore Mastrangelo  Slim Ben Jemaa  Gianluca Sottile  Sara Casu  Baldassare Portolano  Elena Ciani  Fabio Pilla 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2019,136(6):526-534

Selective breeding has led to modifications in the genome of many livestock breeds. In this study, we identified the genomic regions that may explain some of the phenotypic differences between two closely related breeds from Sardinia. A total of 44 animals, 20 Sardinian Ancestral Black (SAB) and 24 Sardinian White (SW), were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine 50K array. A total of 68, 38 and 15 significant markers were identified using the case–control genome‐wide association study (GWAS), the Bayesian population differentiation analysis (F_ST) and the Rsb metric, respectively. Comparisons among the approaches revealed a total of 22 overlapping markers between GWAS and F_ST and one marker between GWAS and Rsb. Three markers detected by Rsb were also located near (<2 Mb) to highly significant regions identified by GWAS and F_ST analyses. Moreover, one candidate marker identified by GWAS and F_ST approaches was located in a run of homozygosity island that was shared by both breeds. We identified several genes involved in many phenotypic differences (such as stature and growth, reproduction, ear size, coat colour, behaviour) between the two analysed breeds. This study shows that combining several genome‐wide approaches could improve discovery of regions involved in the variability of breeding traits and responsible for the phenotypic diversity even between closely related breeds. Overall, the combination of such genome‐wide methods can be extended to other livestock breeds that share between them a similar genetic background, to understand the process that shapes the patterns of genetic variability between closely related populations.  相似文献   

An alveolar recruitment maneuver followed by positive end-expiratory pressure improves lung function in healthy dogs undergoing laparoscopy     

Caterina Di Bella  Luca Lacitignola  Salvatore Grasso  Paola Centonze  Antonella Greco  Rossella Ostuni  Antonio Crovace  Francesco Staffieri 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(5):618-629

Objective

To evaluate the effects of an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) followed by 5 cmH₂O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in dogs undergoing laparoscopy.

Study design

Prospective, randomized clinical study.

Animals

A group of 20 dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy.

Methods

Dogs were sedated with acepromazine and methadone intramuscularly; anesthesia was induced with propofol intravenously and maintained with inhaled isoflurane. The following baseline ventilatory setting (BVS) was administered: tidal volume of 12 mL kg^–1, inspiratory to expiratory ratio of 1:2, inspiratory pause 25% of inspiratory time, no PEEP and a respiratory rate to maintain end-tidal carbon dioxide tension between 5.3 and 7.3 kPa. Then, 10 minutes after the pneumoperitoneum, 10 dogs (RM) underwent a sustained inflation ARM followed by BVS plus 5 cmH₂O PEEP, while 10 dogs (NO-RM) were left with BVS throughout the procedure. Gas exchange and respiratory system mechanics were evaluated before the pneumoperitoneum (PPpre), before ARM (PP10), 30 minutes later (PP30) and 20 minutes after pneumoperitoneum discontinuation (PPpost20). Data were analyzed using anova (p < 0.05).

Results

The Fshunt at PP30 and PPpost20 was lower (p < 0.001) in the RM (2.3 ± 2.2 and 4.7 ± 3.7%) than in the NO-RM (5.2 ± 2.1 and 11.1 ± 5.2%), and PaO₂ at PP30 and PPpost20 was higher (p < 0.001) in the RM (67.3 ± 4.2 and 60.1 ± 9.4 kPa) than in the NO-RM (50.2 ± 7.4 and 45.5 ± 11.1 kPa). Static compliance of the respiratory system at PP30 and PPpost20 was greater (p < 0.001) in the RM (2.4 ± 0.2 and 2.1 ± 0.4 mL cmH₂O^?1 kg^–1) than in the NO-RM (0.9 ± 0.4 and 1.2 ± 0.2 mL cmH₂O^?1 kg^–1).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In dogs undergoing laparoscopy, ARM followed by 5 cmH₂O PEEP improves gas exchange and respiratory system mechanics.  相似文献   

WHICH AIRWAY PRESSURE SHOULD BE APPLIED DURING BREATH‐HOLD IN DOGS UNDERGOING THORACIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY?          下载免费PDF全文

Alessandro Guarracino  Luca Lacitignola  Edoardo Auriemma  Valentina De Monte  Salvatore Grasso  Antonio Crovace  Francesco Staffieri 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(5):475-481

This randomized controlled trial study aimed to identify the optimal positive pressure (PP) level that can clear atelectasis while avoiding pulmonary hyperinflation during the breath‐hold technique in dogs undergoing thoracic computed tomography (CT). Sixty dogs affected by mammary tumors undergoing thoracic CT for the screening of pulmonary metastases were randomly assigned to six groups with different levels of PP during the breath‐hold technique: 0 (control), 5 (PP5), 8 (PP8), 10 (PP10), 12 (PP12), and 15 (PP15) cmH₂O. The percentage of atelectatic lung region was lower in the PP10 (3.7 ± 1.1%; P = 0.002), PP12 (3.4 ± 1.3%; P = 0.0001), and PP15 (2.8 ± 0.9%; P = 0.006) groups than in the control group (5.0 ± 2.3%), and the percentage of poorly aerated lung region was lower in the PP8 (15.1 ± 2.6%; P = 0.0009), PP10 (13.0 ± 2.0 %; P = 0.002), PP12 (13.0 ± 2.2 %; P = 0.0002), and PP15 (11.1 ± 1.9%; P = 0.0002) groups than in the control group (19.8 ± 5.0). The percentage of normally aerated lung region, however, was higher in the PP10 (79.7 ± 4.1%; P = 0.005), PP12 (79.8 ± 5.1%; P = 0.0002), and PP15 (80.2 ± 4.9%; P = 0.002) groups than in the control group (73.4 ± 6.6%). A PP of 10–12 cmH₂O during the breath‐hold technique should be considered to improve lung aeration during a breath‐hold technique in dogs undergoing thoracic CT.  相似文献   

Spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Sicily: Partial Displacement of Another Geminivirus Originally Present     

Salvatore Davino  Chiara Napoli  Mario Davino  Gian Paolo Accotto 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(3):293-299

The geminivirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was reported for the first time in Italy in 2002. We have followed its spread in Sicily, where Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), another tomato-infecting geminivirus, is endemic and has been causing severe crop losses since 1989. The presence of the two viruses was monitored in the main tomato growing area, the Ragusa province, analyzing samples with yellow leaf curling symptoms. At first (spring–summer 2002) both viruses were always found in mixed infections, but in 2003 and 2004 18–35% of plants were found infected by TYLCV alone and 8–28% by TYLCSV alone, with 41–69% carrying both viruses. TYLCV has spread quickly in the area, demonstrating, as in other parts of the world, its high virulence and invasiveness; however it has not, so far, completely displaced TYLCSV. An infectious clone of TYLCV from Sicily (TYLCV-IT) was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence was 97% identical to other TYLCV strains of the ‘severe’ type, found in many countries worldwide.  相似文献   

Systemic toxoplasmosis in a five-month-old beaver, (Castor canadensis).     

María J Forzán  Salvatore Frasca 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2004,35(1):113-115

A 5-mo-old orphan beaver, Castor canadensis, died of severe systemic toxoplasmosis during rehabilitation. Histologic lesions included lymphohistiocytic encephalitis, myocarditis, and interstitial pneumonia with multinucleated cells. Intracytoplasmic cysts containing tachyzoites and bradyzoites identified as Toxoplasma gondii by immunohisto-chemistry were present in macrophages, type-II pneumocytes, and endothelial cells. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal morbillivirus antibody and transmission electron microscopy of lung revealed no evidence of concurrent paramyxoviral infection, as commonly found in carnivores with toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis may affect young beavers in rehabilitation and zoological settings.  相似文献   

Melanaspis corticosa: a new insect pest of olive trees in Europe     

Mazzeo  Gaetana  Pellizzari  Giuseppina  Mateus  Célia  da Silva  Elsa Borges  Russo  Agatino  Nucifora  Salvatore  Soares  Celestino  Tomé  Dora  de Andrade  Eugénia  Franco  José Carlos 《Phytoparasitica》2023,51(2):153-162

The presence of the South African Obscure Scale, Melanaspis corticosa (Brain) (Hemiptera, Diaspididae), was detected infesting olive trees, in Portugal. The identity of the scale insect was confirmed based on both morphological and molecular studies. Until now, this species was only known in a few African countries, including Guinea, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. This is the first record of this species in Europe and in the Palearctic region. The scale was observed in 15 different locations, in the Algarve, since its first detection at the end of 2016. Samples were collected between 21 December 2016 and 10 March 2022, covering all seasonal periods. Most of the sampling sites resulted from private requests from farmers and proprietaries received by the Plant Protection Division of the Regional Directorate of Agriculture. Although it is considered a polyphagous species, it was not observed in other plant species, besides olive trees. The actual dispersion in the region suggests that M. corticosa became established and has been expanded its distribution since its arrival. This scale insect is a potential injurious pest of olive trees and needs to be studied to clarify its pest status and develop effective pest management strategies.

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Computed tomographic analysis of the effects of two inspired oxygen concentrations on pulmonary aeration in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs     

Staffieri F  Franchini D  Carella GL  Montanaro MG  Valentini V  Driessen B  Grasso S  Crovace A 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(9):925-931

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of 2 concentrations of oxygen in inspired gas (fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO(2)] 1.0 or 0.4) on pulmonary aeration and gas exchange in dogs during inhalation anesthesia. ANIMALS: 20 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES: Following administration of acepromazine and morphine, anesthesia was induced in each dog with thiopental and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen (100% group; n = 10) or a mixture of 40% oxygen and air (40% group; 10). Dogs were placed in dorsal recumbency and were mechanically ventilated. After surgery, spiral computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed and PaO(2), PaCO(2), and the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (P([A-a])O(2)) were assessed. The lung CT images were analyzed, and the extent of hyperinflated (-1,000 to -901 Hounsfield units [HUs]), normally aerated (-900 to -501 HUs), poorly aerated (-500 to -101 HUs), or nonaerated (-100 to +100 HUs) areas was determined. RESULTS: Compared with the 100% oxygen group, the normally aerated lung area was significantly greater and the poorly aerated and nonaerated areas were significantly smaller in the 40% oxygen group. The time to CT (duration of surgery) was similar in both groups. Although PaCO(2) was similar in both groups, PaO(2) and P((A-a))O(2) were significantly higher in the 100% oxygen group. In both groups, pulmonary atelectasis developed preferentially in caudal lung fields. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In isoflurane-anesthetized dogs, mechanical ventilation with 40% oxygen appeared to maintain significantly better lung aeration and gas exchange than ventilation with 100% oxygen.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of Chlamydia suis to cathelicidin peptides     

Donati M  Di Francesco A  Gennaro R  Benincasa M  Magnino S  Pignanelli S  Shurdhi A  Moroni A  Mazzoni C  Merialdi G  Baldelli R  Cevenini R 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,123(1-3):269-273

Nine Chlamydia suis isolates, obtained from pigs with conjunctivitis, were molecularly characterized by ompA sequencing and their in vitro susceptibility to six cathelicidin peptides (SMAP-29, BAC-7, BMAP-27, BMAP-27, BMAP-28, PG-1, LL-37) determined in cell culture. SMAP-29 was the most active peptide, reducing the intracellular inclusion number by > or =50% at a concentration of 10 microg/ml (3 microM) in six of the nine isolates tested. Three molecularly identical isolates were insensitive at a concentration as high as 80 microg/ml (25 microM). Of the remaining cathelicidin peptides tested, BAC-7 and BMAP-27 were active against six C. suis isolates at a concentration of 80 microg/ml (25 and 26 microM, respectively). Cathelicidins LL-37 and PG-1 did not show any anti-chlamydial activity at 80 microg/ml.  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of central Mediterranean stocks of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) using mitochondrial and nuclear markers,and conservation implications     

Luisa Garofalo  Angela Mastrogiacomo  Paolo Casale  Rossella Carlini  Claudia Eleni  Daniela Freggi  Donatella Gelli  Leyla Knittweis  Carmen Mifsud  Toni Mingozzi  Nicola Novarini  Dino Scaravelli  Giovanni Scillitani  Marco Oliverio  Andrea Novelletto 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2013,23(6):868-884

1. that the north Adriatic, the Tunisian continental shelf, the waters around Malta and the Italian Ionian Sea represent important areas for the conservation of rookeries in Greece, Libya and Turkey, respectively;
2. that waters off the Italian peninsula and the islands of Lampedusa and Malta are mainly inhabited by individuals of Mediterranean origin, with a major contribution from the nearest and largest colonies, while Atlantic turtles are restricted to the western areas;
3. that specific migratory routes exist from rookeries to foraging grounds;
4. a poor bi‐parental genetic structuring, which suggests a high male‐mediated gene flow in the Mediterranean;
5. mixing of small turtles in waters distant from natal rookeries, and recovery of structuring for large‐sized individuals; and
6. that uncommon mtDNA haplotypes are more powerful markers than microsatellite alleles in assessing an individual's origin, owing to their higher geographic specificity.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The calcium store sensor, STIM1, reciprocally controls Orai and CaV1.2 channels     

Wang Y  Deng X  Mancarella S  Hendron E  Eguchi S  Soboloff J  Tang XD  Gill DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6000):105-109

Calcium signals, pivotal in controlling cell function, can be generated by calcium entry channels activated by plasma membrane depolarization or depletion of internal calcium stores. We reveal a regulatory link between these two channel subtypes mediated by the ubiquitous calcium-sensing STIM proteins. STIM1 activation by store depletion or mutational modification strongly suppresses voltage-operated calcium (Ca(V)1.2) channels while activating store-operated Orai channels. Both actions are mediated by the short STIM-Orai activating region (SOAR) of STIM1. STIM1 interacts with Ca(V)1.2 channels and localizes within discrete endoplasmic reticulum/plasma membrane junctions containing both Ca(V)1.2 and Orai1 channels. Hence, STIM1 interacts with and reciprocally controls two major calcium channels hitherto thought to operate independently. Such coordinated control of the widely expressed Ca(V)1.2 and Orai channels has major implications for Ca(2+) signal generation in excitable and nonexcitable cells.  相似文献