Effect of palm kernel cake as protein source in a concentrate diet on intake, digestibility and live weight gain of goats fed Napier grass     

Mohammad Mijanur Rahman  Ramli Bin Abdullah  Wan Khadijah Wan Embong  Toshinori Nakagawa  Ryo Akashi 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):873-878

The effects of palm kernel cake (PKC) as a protein source in a concentrate diet (comprising 35 % crushed maize, 30 % rice bran, 32 % PKC, 2 % vitamin mineral premix and 1 % salt) were examined on intake, live weight (LW) gain and digestibility in female goats (average LW of 12.4?±?2.6 kg). Four goats were randomly allocated to each of the four treatment diets: (a) Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) offered ad libitum (T1), (b) T1 + concentrate at 0.5 % of LW (T2), (c) T1 + concentrate at 1.0 % of LW (T3) and (d) T1 + concentrate at 2.0 % of LW (T4). A 7-day digestibility trial and an 82-day growth experiment were conducted. No differences were observed among diets for intakes of roughage dry matter (DM), total DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The crude protein (CP) intake increased (P?<?0.05) as the level of concentrate in the diets increased. Goats fed the T2, T3 and T4 diets gained 10.2, 34.1 and 52.5 g/head/day, respectively, while the control group (T1) lost weight (?12.7 g/head/day). The apparent digestibilities of DM, OM and CP were similar (P?>?0.05) among treatments. The digestibility of dietary NDF decreased (P?<?0.05) with increasing levels of concentrate, but there was no significant (P?>?0.05) difference between T2 and T3 diets. Supplementing a basal diet of Napier grass with PKC-based concentrate improved CP intake and LW gain. The PKC-based concentrate diet can therefore be exploited for the use of local feed resources for goat production; however, further research is required to achieve the best growth response.  相似文献   

Distribution and sequence of pyknotic cells in rat fetuses exposed to busulfan     

Ohira T  Ando R  Andoh R  Nakazawa T  Nishihara K  Yamamoto S  Nakamura N  Tamura K 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(3):167-171

Busulfan, an antineoplastic bifunctional-alkylating agent, is known to induce developmental anomalies. In the present study, we examined the distribution and sequence of pyknotic cells in rat fetal tissues exposed to busulfan. Pregnant rats on gestation day 13 were administered intraperitoneally 30 mg/kg of busulfan, and fetal tissues were examined at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours after treatment (HAT). Pyknosis of component cells was observed markedly in the brain, moderately in the eyes and spinal cord and mildly in the craniofacial tissue, mandible, limb buds, tail bud, ganglions, alimentary tract, lungs, kidneys, pancreas and liver. In the brain, mitotic inhibition was also detected. Most of the pyknotic cells were considered to be apoptotic cells judging from the results of TUNEL staining and electron microscopic examination. Commonly in the above-mentioned tissues, pyknotic cells began to increase at 24 HAT, peaked at 36 or 48 HAT and disappeared at 96 HAT, which is when the histological picture returned to normal in most tissues except for the brain, spinal cord and eyes. The present study clarified the outline of busulfan-induced apoptosis in rat fetuses.  相似文献   

Antioxidation mechanism studies of caffeic acid: identification of antioxidation products of methyl caffeate from lipid oxidation     

Masuda T  Yamada K  Akiyama J  Someya T  Odaka Y  Takeda Y  Tori M  Nakashima K  Maekawa T  Sone Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(14):5947-5952

As a part of a research project on the elucidation of the chain-breaking antioxidation mechanism of natural phenols in food components, caffeic acid, a polyphenolic acid widely distributed in edible plants, was investigated. The identification and time course analysis of the antioxidation reaction products from methyl caffeate were carried out in the ethyl linoleate oxidation system. The antioxidation reaction produced a quinone derivative of methyl caffeate as an antioxidation product during the initial stage, which was identified by (13)C NMR. The quinone, however, was not the final product, and a further reaction occurred to produce several new peroxides. The isolation and structure determination of the peroxides revealed that they had tricyclic structures, which consisted of ethyl linoleate, methyl caffeate, and molecular oxygen. On the basis of the formation pathway of these products, an antioxidation reaction mechanism of methyl caffeate, including the redox reaction of the caffeate and Diels-Alder reaction of the produced peroxides, was proposed.  相似文献   

Pathogenic diversity of Phytophthora sojae and breeding strategies to develop Phytophthora-resistant soybeans     

Takuma Sugimoto  Masayasu Kato  Shinya Yoshida  Isao Matsumoto  Tamotsu Kobayashi  Akito Kaga  Makita Hajika  Ryo Yamamoto  Kazuhiko Watanabe  Masataka Aino  Toru Matoh  David R. Walker  Alan R. Biggs  Masao Ishimoto 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):511-522

Phytophthora stem and root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is one of the most destructive diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and the incidence of this disease has been increasing in several soybean-producing areas around the world. This presents serious limitations for soybean production, with yield losses from 4 to 100%. The most effective method to reduce damage would be to grow Phytophthora-resistant soybean cultivars, and two types of host resistance have been described. Race-specific resistance conditioned by single dominant Rps (“resistance to Phytophthora sojae”) genes and quantitatively inherited partial resistance conferred by multiple genes could both provide protection from the pathogen. Molecular markers linked to Rps genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying partial resistance have been identified on several molecular linkage groups corresponding to chromosomes. These markers can be used to screen for Phytophthora-resistant plants rapidly and efficiently, and to combine multiple resistance genes in the same background. This paper reviews what is currently known about pathogenic races of P. sojae in the USA and Japan, selection of sources of Rps genes or minor genes providing partial resistance, and the current state and future scope of breeding Phytophthora-resistant soybean cultivars.  相似文献   

The National BioResource Project (NBRP) Lotus and Glycine in Japan     

Masatsugu Hashiguchi  Jun Abe  Toshio Aoki  Toyoaki Anai  Akihiro Suzuki  Ryo Akashi 《Breeding Science》2012,61(5):453-461

The objective of the National BioResource Project (NBRP) in Japan is to collect, conserve and distribute biological materials for life sciences research. The project consists of twenty-eight bioresources, including animal, plant, microorganism and DNA resources. NBRP Lotus and Glycine aims to support the development of legume research through the collection, conservation, and distribution of these bioresources. Lotus japonicus is a perennial legume that grows naturally throughout Japan and is widely used as a model plant for legumes because of such advantages as its small genome size and short life cycle. Soybean (Glycine max) has been cultivated as an important crop since ancient times, and numerous research programs have generated a large amount of basic research information and valuable bioresources for this crop. We have also developed a “LegumeBase” a specialized database for the genera Lotus and Glycine, and are maintaining this database as a part of the NBRP. In this paper we will provide an overview of the resources available from the NBRP Lotus and Glycine database site, called “LegumeBase”.  相似文献   

Therapeutic potential of canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced chronic liver dysfunction mouse model     

Haraguchi T  Tani K  Takagishi R  Oda Y  Itamoto K  Yamamoto N  Terai S  Sakaida I  Nakazawa H  Taura Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(5):607-611

Regenerative medicine using bone marrow cells is an attractive therapy for the cure of patients with severe liver disease. Here, we show the therapeutic potential of canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in mouse models of CCl(4)-induced chronic liver dysfunction. We used two different models for xenotransplantation, nude mice and cyclosporine A (CSA) immunosuppressed mice. Serum parameters from a standard liver panel were not improved following transplantation. However, fibrotic liver lesions with severe inflammation were decreased in CCl(4)-treated CSA mice following BMSC transplantation. Effective migration of transplanted canine BMSCs was limited to persistently injured liver in CCl(4)-treated CSA mice, where they may be effective in resolving inflammatory fibrotic lesions. These results suggest that canine BMSCs are an effective cell source for liver regeneration.  相似文献   

Involvements of Estrogen Receptor,Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and p53 in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Development in Donryu Rats     

Midori Yoshida  Shin-ichi Katsuda  Akihiko Maekawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(4):241-247

Involvements of estrogen receptor (ER)α, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 in the uterine carcinogenesis process in Donryu rats, a high yield strain of the uterine cancer were investigated immunohistochemically. ERα was expressed in atypical endometrial hyperplasia, accepted as a precancerous lesion of the uterine tumors, as well as well- and in moderately-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas, and the intensities of expression were similar to those in the luminal epithelial cells of the atrophic uterus at 15 months of age. The expression, however, was negative in the tumor cells of poorly differentiated type. Good growth of implanted grafts of the poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas in both sexes with or without gonadectomy supported the estrogen independency of tumor progression to malignancy. PCNA labeling indices were increased with tumor development from atypical hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma. The tumor cells in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas were positive for p53 positive but negative for p21 expression, suggesting accumulation of mutated p53. These results indicate that the consistent ERα expression is involved in initiation and promotion steps of uterine carcinogenesis, but not progression. In addition, PCNA is related to tumor development and the expression of mutated p53 might be a late event during endometrial carcinogenesis.  相似文献   

Plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis from mature seeds of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnolia obovata</Emphasis>     

In-Sun Park  Momoko Koiso  Satomi Morimoto  Takafumi Kubo  Hyun-O Jin  Ryo Funada 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(1):64-68

We attempted to develop a method for the regeneration of plantlets from mature seeds of medically important Magnolia obovata via the induction of somatic embryogenesis in vitro. We initially cultured halves of mature seeds on either Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium or B₅ medium that contained 0, 1, 5 or 10 μM gibberellic acid (GA₃) for 1 month and then transferred the half-seeds to half-strength MS basal medium or B₅ basal medium for further culture in the absence of GA₃. Proembryogenic masses (PEMs) were observed 1 month after the transfer of the halved mature seeds to the medium without GA₃. The frequency of formation of PEMs was higher (28%) after initial culture in MS basal medium plus 1 μM GA₃ than in other tested media (0 or 4%). Somatic embryos that had been developed from PEMs were cultured on half-strength MS basal medium or B₅ basal medium for completion of maturation and then transferred to fresh aliquots of the same medium for initiation of germination. The frequency of germination, with the formation of normal primary leaves and roots, was above 80%. We transferred the somatic embryo-derived plantlets to soil for acclimatization and the plantlets continued to thrive.  相似文献   

Effect of steam treatment for the enzymic saccharification of waste mushroom medium after cultivation of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) and enokitake mushroom (Flammulina velutipes)     

Ryo Hiyama  Seiki Gisusi  Akira Harada 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(5):446-452

Waste mushroom medium of shiitake and enokitake (WS and WE, respectively) was steamed (StmWS and StmWE, respectively) and saccharized with cellulase to obtain glucose which can be feedstock of bioethanol or other bioproducts. Mushroom medium before cultivation of shiitake and enokitake (MS and ME, respectively) was also steamed (StmMS and StmME, respectively) and saccharized to compare with WS and WE. WS was stored at 15 °C for 1 month (SS), and SS was steamed (StmSS) and saccharized. The amount of glucose from StmSS was more than that from StmWS. The cellulose contained in StmSS and StmWE was saccharified earlier than that in StmMS and StmME, respectively. When StmSS and StmWE-added Meicelase of 5 and 3 FPU/g substrate (9.7 and 5.8 mg Meicelase/g substrate), respectively, was saccharized for 120 h, the saccharification ratio (the amount of glucose saccharized from cellulose/theoretical amount of glucose from cellulose) of them exceeded 80 %. The amount of glucose obtained from StmSS and StmWE was 311.0 and 207.7 mg/g substrate under the condition. It was found that the cellulose contained in mushroom medium was saccharized with less amount of cellulase by the influence of cultivation of shiitake or enokitake, storage of shiitake, and steaming.  相似文献   

Comparison of Chinese and Japanese A1 isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora infestans</Emphasis>     

Seishi?AkinoEmail author  Kiyotaka?Gotoh  Ryo?Nishimura  Atsushi?Maeda  Shigeo?Naito  Akira?Ogoshi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(4):212-214

The mating type, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) and peptidase (Pep) genotypes, RG57 fingerprint, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype of Chinese isolates of Phytophthora infestans collected in Hebei and Gansu in 1996 were compared with those of Japanese isolates collected during 1997–2000. The Chinese isolates were divided into four genotypes, one of which was identical to the dominant Japanese genotype, A1-A (mating type A1; Gpi 100/100; Pep 100/100; RG57 100010001100110100011001110: 1–25, 14a, and 24a; and mtDNA haplotype IIa). Comparison of the genotypes with reported data revealed that some completely and partially identical genotypes occur in Russia and parts of Europe. The other two A1 genotypes and one A2 genotype were also detected in Gansu (Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100, and mtDNA haplotype Ia), which were regarded as unique to this region.  相似文献