Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression by interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in canine tumour cell lines     

Ryo Owaki  Tatsuya Deguchi  Satoru Konnai  Naoya Maekawa  Tomohiro Okagawa  Kenji Hosoya  Sangho Kim  Takafumi Sunaga  Masahiro Okumura 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2023,21(2):279-290

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Immunohistochemical localization of enzymes related to lignin biosynthesis in the primary xylem of hybrid aspen     

Yoshihiro Katayama  Yoko Mashino  Nobuyuki Nishikubo  Kaori Yoshitomi  Ryo Funada  Shinya Kajita 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(6):457-466

We have investigated the spatial regulation of the accumulation of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of shikimate and lignin during differentiation of primary xylem from the apical meristem via procambium in hybrid aspen (Populus sieboldii x Populus grandidentata). Immuohistochemical staining revealed that, in the top part of shoots, lignification began in a single or just a few adjacent vessel elements and subsequently spread to neighboring cells. The spatial localization of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS), which is one of the key enzymes in the shikimate pathway, was tightly correlated with the cell-specific deposition of lignin in the primary xylem. We also found that the spatial localization of enzymes in the general phenylpropanoid pathway and in the lignin-specific pathway was closely associated with the cell-specific deposition of lignin and the accumulation of DAHPS. Our data suggest that enzymes that act in the shikimate, general phenylpropanoid, and lignin-specific pathways are initially produced and function coordinately in a single or a few adjacent elements at the start of primary xylem development.  相似文献   

Influence of osmotic pressure on somatic embryo maturation in Pinus densiflora     

Mariko Shoji  Hidenori Sato  Remi Nakagawa  Ryo Funada  Takafumi Kubo  Shinjiro Ogita 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(6):449-453

The effect of an osmoticum, polyethylene glycol (PEG), on somatic embryo production was examined using embryogenic cells of Pinus densiflora. In the basal medium containing 30 μM abscisic acid and 6% maltose, the quality of the embryos formed was poor even though somatic embryos were produced. The addition of PEG with molecular weight of 4000 or 8000 significantly enhanced the development of both the quality and quantity of somatic embryos. Furthermore, higher levels of a constant osmotic pressure with PEG 8000 in a range from about 300 to 450 mmol/kg could remarkably enhance the morphogenesis of somatic embryos and their number of embryos produced. A higher stable osmotic pressure with an appropriate molecular weight of PEG is a key factor for the production of good quality somatic embryos in P. densiflora.  相似文献   

Perceptions of “close-to-nature forestry” by German and Japanese groups: inquiry using visual materials of “cut” and “dead” wood     

Ryo Kohsaka  Itsuki C. Handoh 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(1):11-19

It is generally believed that forests are perceived differently according to the cultural background of the visitor. Different cultural groups tend to have diverse perceptions of tree species, landscapes, or gardens. In this research project, we conducted interviews of German and Japanese groups (each group consisting of three or more people), to identify their perspectives in exploring the theme of “cut” and “dead” wood. For this purpose, we interviewed 20 groups from each cultural background (40 data sets in total). Each group was asked to categorize 36 pictures chosen from photographic contests. The results were examined with PCA and cluster analysis. The quantified results of the two national groups highlighted the dichotomy of the cut and dead wood relationship. The method and materials used gave robust results. Differences between the two groups were identified by their perceptions of cut and dead wood. The results are insightful from a methodological and political rationale. First, new insights were gained by adopting group-based interviews using pictures from photographic contests. Research about public perceptions in forest science is often dominated by a focus on verbal inquiry. This study explored similar questions, using visual materials. The interviews consisted of visual materials to overcome bias in languages or the question order. Second, the results indicated the influence of “close-to-nature forestry” policy on public perceptions. While German society has a wide practice of leaving dead wood in forests based on their close-to-nature forestry policy, there is no equivalent Japanese concept. Although Japan and Germany both face pressures for economic restructuring and public participation, the difference in public perception of forestry can lead to a difference in acceptance for the same policy. If such differences are to exist, we can observe that the legitimacy of forestry in the two countries is reconstructed in different ways.  相似文献   

Formation of the thiocyanate conjugate of chlorogenic acid in coffee under acidic conditions in the presence of thiocyanate and nitrite: possible occurrence in the stomach     

Takahama U  Tanaka M  Oniki T  Hirota S  Yamauchi R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):4169-4176

The objective of the present study was to elucidate how chlorogenic acid in coffee was transformed under acidic conditions simulating the mixture of saliva and gastric juice. When coffee was incubated in acidified saliva that contained nitrite and SCN-, in addition to nitric oxide (NO), four major components were detected. Two of the four components (components 3 and 4) were generated when chlorogenic acid was incubated in acidified saliva and when incubated in an acidic buffer solution in the presence of both nitrite and SCN-. By the incubation of chlorogenic acid in acidic nitrite in the absence of SCN-, components 3 and 4 were not formed but the quinone of chlorogenic acid and nitrated chlorogenic acid were formed. The result indicates that SCN- was indispensable for nitrous acid induced formation of components 3 and 4. Component 4 was isolated and its structure was determined to be (E)-5'-(3-(7-hydroxy-2-oxobenzo[d] [1,3]oxathiol-4-yl)acryloyloxy)quinic acid. Component 3, which was suggested to be 2-thiocyanatochlorogenic acid, seemed to be formed by the reaction between SCN- and the quinone of chlorogenic acid. As it has been reported that the quinone of chlorogenic acid can react with thiols and can decompose producing H2O2, the formation of component 4 can reduce the toxic effects of the quinone of chlorogenic acid.  相似文献   

Antioxidant mechanism studies on ferulic acid: identification of oxidative coupling products from methyl ferulate and linoleate     

Masuda T  Yamada K  Maekawa T  Takeda Y  Yamaguchi H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(16):6069-6074

In our studies of the chain-breaking antioxidant mechanism of natural phenols in food components, ferulic acid, a phenolic acid widely distributed in edible plants, especially grain, was investigated. The radical oxidation reaction of a large amount of ethyl linoleate in the presence of the methyl ester of ferulic acid produced four types of peroxides as radical termination products. The isolation and structure determination of the peroxides revealed that they had tricyclic structures which consisted of ethyl linoleate, methyl ferulate, and molecular oxygen. Based on the formation pathway of the products, a radical scavenging reaction occurred at the 3'-position of the ferulate radical with the four types of peroxyl radicals of ethyl linoleate. The produced peroxides subsequently underwent intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction to afford stable tricyclic peroxides.  相似文献   

Estimation of the outcrossing rate for annual Asian wild rice under field conditions     

Phuong Dang Thai Phan  Hiroki Kageyama  Ryo Ishikawa  Takashige Ishii 《Breeding Science》2012,62(3):256-262

The Asian wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, has partial outcrossing behavior and shows high levels of genetic variation. To estimate an accurate outcrossing rate of annual form of O. rufipogon, two backcross lines (Lines R1 and R2) between Oryza sativa Nipponbare and O. rufipogon W630 were examined under field conditions. A chromosome survey confirmed that these lines had wild chromosomal segments at more than 92% of marker loci. As for the traits of glume, stamen and pistil, Line R1 showed similar floral morphology as that of O. rufipogon W630, whereas Line R2 had larger glumes. In 2005, 2006 and 2008, a total of 22 backcross plants were planted in the middle of wild rice plots. The successive progenies of each plant were examined using microsatellite markers that could clearly detect self-pollination and outcrossing. The outcrossing rates of Line R1 plants ranged from 4.04% to 25.50% with an average of 10.20%. This indicates that cross-pollination of wild rice is a chance event affected by many environmental factors. The outcrossing rates of Line R2 plants also varied, however, no significant difference was observed between the averages of Lines R1 and R2, suggesting that the glume sizes are not critical for outcrossing ability.  相似文献   

Variation in floral scent compounds recognized by honeybees in Brassicaceae crop species     

Kiwa Kobayashi  Miyako Arai  Atsushi Tanaka  Shigeru Matsuyama  Hiroshi Honda  Ryo Ohsawa 《Breeding Science》2012,62(4):293-302

Floral scent attracts pollinators. We investigated the floral scent compounds recognized by pollinators in six Brassica crop species, including allogamous species with different genomes and autogamous species with two parental genomes and radish (Raphanus sativus). Biologically active compounds recognized by honeybees were screened from all floral compounds by combined gas chromatography–electroantennogram analysis and their profiles were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fourteen of the 52 compounds were active. All accessions had more than two active compounds, but the compounds greatly differed between the two genera. On the basis of similarities in whether active compounds were presence or absence, their amount and their composition ratio, we divided the Brassica accessions into three to five groups by cluster analyses. Most groups were composed of a mixture of allogamous and autogamous species sharing same genome, indicating that the variation depended on genome, not species. These results suggest that all species require pollinator visits for reproduction, despite their different reproductive systems. However, the inter-genus and intra-specific variations shown by the multiple groups within a species might cause different visitation frequencies by pollinators between genera and among accessions within a species, resulting in insufficient seed production in some accessions or species.  相似文献   

Effect of nutritional conditions on changes in leukocyte populations in Japanese black calves     

Ohtsuka H  Fukunaga N  Fukuda S  Hatsugaya A  Hayashi T  Hara H  Koiwa M  Abe R  Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(2):183-185

To clarify the effect of nutritive conditions on changes in immune cells in Japanese Black (JB) calves during the growth period, leukocyte populations were analyzed in ten healthy JB calves managed in one herd. The calves were divided into two groups: five calves in Group 1 were given insufficient nutrition, and the other five calves in Group 2 received adequate nutrition. The levels of serum total cholesterol and glucose were significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 at 1 month. The numbers of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells tended to be lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 at months 1 and 2, and the difference in CD4+ was significant at month 2. The number of MHC class-II(+high) cells was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 at months 1 and 2. These results suggest that adequate nutrition might stimulate an increase in immune cells in calves during the growth period.  相似文献   

Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in retail raw chicken meat throughout Japan     

Kitai S  Shimizu A  Kawano J  Sato E  Nakano C  Kitagawa H  Fujio K  Matsumura K  Yasuda R  Inamoto T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(3):269-274

A total of 444 samples of raw chicken meat (thighs, breasts, wings, livers, gizzards, hearts and ovaries) that retailed at 145 different supermarkets in 47 prefectures in Japan were examined for contamination with Staphylococcus aureus in association with its enterotoxigenicity. S. aureus was isolated from 292 (65.8%) of the samples, and from 131 of the 145 supermarkets. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of S. aureus according to the type of meat examined. About 80% of 714 isolates belonged to the poultry (57.1%) and human biotypes (22.1%). Seventy-eight (21.7%) of 360 isolates were enterotoxigenic and isolated from 78 samples in 53 supermarkets in 31 prefectures. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced were SEB (50 isolates), SEA (14), SEC (8), SED (2), SEA+SEB (2), and SEA+SEC (2). Most of the enterotoxigenic isolates belonged to the human and poultry biotypes, coagulase type VII, VIII or IV, and were lysed by phages of group III. Identical SE types, biotypes, coagulase types and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were shown in isolates from different types of meat at the same supermarket and from samples taken from different supermarkets in the same prefectures or in isolates from samples obtained from several different prefectures. Among the 50 SEB-producing isolates, 27 yielded three similar PFGE patterns that differed by only a few fragments, suggesting that they were closely related genetically. The three patterns were found in isolates of samples that retailed at 17 supermarkets in 11 prefectures, indicating that they may be disseminated among raw chicken meat in Japan.  相似文献