Enteric coronavirus infection in a juvenile dromedary (Camelus dromedarius).     

Arno Wünschmann  Rodney Frank  Kem Pomeroy  Sanjay Kapil 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2002,14(5):441-444

A case of an enteric coronavirus infection in a 6-week-old dromedary calf is described. The animal had diarrhea for 5 days and died despite symptomatic treatment. Numerous viral particles, approximately 140 nm in diameter, with club-like projections were detected in the feces by electron microscopy. These characteristics were consistent with a coronavirus. Immunohistochemical reactivity with 2 antigenic group II coronavirus-specific antibodies confirmed the presence of viral antigen in colonic epithelial cells. The death of the animal was attributed to a neutrophilic and emphysematous colitis that likely was caused by an infection with a Clostridium sp.  相似文献   

Species diversity,regeneration and dominance as influenced by canopy gaps and their characteristics in tropical evergreen forests of Western Ghats,India     

Guddappa Mahalingappa Devagiri  Anil Kumar Khaple  Siddagangaiah Mohan  Puttanaik Venkateshamurthy  Sanjay Tomar  Arkalgud Nagaraja Arunkumar  Geeta Joshi 《林业研究》2016,27(4):799-810

Canopy gaps play a significant role in maintaining structure and composition of tropical forests. This study was carried out in tropical evergreen forests of central Western Ghats in India to understand the influence of canopy gap size and the relationship of gap regime attributes to diversity measures and regeneration. The average gap size in the study area was found to be 396 m2 and around half of gaps were 4–8 years old. Gaps created by natural single tree fall were smaller in size but significantly higher in number. Diversity and regeneration of woody species were compared with canopy gaps and intact vegetation. Species richness and diversity was higher in gaps than in intact vegetation. Macaranga peltata, a shade intolerant species dominated gaps while intact vegetation was dominated by shade tolerant Kingiodendron pinnatum.Gap size significantly influenced species diversity and regeneration. Gap area and age were significantly and negatively correlated with diversity measures but positively correlated with regeneration. Among all the attributes of gaps, regeneration was significantly positively correlated with light intensity. Gaps maintained species diversity and favored regeneration of woody species. In addition to gap size and age, other gap ecological attributes also affected species diversity and regeneration.  相似文献   

Captive Breeding of Endangered Ompok pabda with Ovatide     

Siddartha Purkayastha  Sanjay Sarma  Wazir Singh Lakra  S. Gupta  S. P. Biswas 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):42-48

The Pabdah catfish, Ompok pabda, was successfully spawned with the synthetic hormone Ovatide at two different doses (0.4 and 0.6 ml/kg of body weight of female). The latency period was 9–10 h at 0.6 ml compared to 10–12 h at 0.4 ml kg^?1 of body weight. All the females spawned successfully. Average rate of fertilization (75.5 %) and hatching (60.5%) was higher with a dose of 0.6 ml kg^?1, while lower fertilization (65.1%) and hatching rate (45%) were observed at 0.3 ml kg^?1 of body weight. Fecundity ranged from 80–130 eggs gm^?1 body weight of female. Eggs hatched between 12–14 h after spawning at a water temperature 28°–32°C. The mean egg diameter was 0.95 ± 0.15 mm.  相似文献   

Nanoemulsions of cancer chemopreventive agent benzyl isothiocyanate display enhanced solubility, dissolution, and permeability     

Qhattal HS  Wang S  Salihima T  Srivastava SK  Liu X 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(23):12396-12404

Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a compound found in cruciferous vegetables, is an effective chemopreventive agent. The objective of this study was to develop nanoemulsion formulations for the oral delivery of BITC. Optimized oil-in-water BITC nanoemulsions were prepared by a spontaneous self-nanoemulsification method and a homogenization-sonication method. Both nanoemulsions entrapped high amounts of BITC (15-17 mg/mL), with low polydispersity and good colloidal stability. The BITC nanoemulsions showed enhanced solubility and dissolution compared to pure BITC. These formulations markedly increased the apical to basolateral transport of BITC in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The apparent permeability values were 3.6 × 10(-6) cm/s for pure BITC and (1.1-1.3) × 10(-5) cm/s for BITC nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions were easily taken up by human cancer cells A549 and SKOV-3 and inhibited tumor growth in vitro. This work shows for the first time that BITC can be formulated into nanoemulsions and may show promise in enhancing absorption and bioavailability.  相似文献   

Microsatellite markers: an overview of the recent progress in plants   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

Rajwant K. Kalia  Manoj K. Rai  Sanjay Kalia  Rohtas Singh  A. K. Dhawan 《Euphytica》2011,177(3):309-334

In recent years, molecular markers have been utilized for a variety of applications including examination of genetic relationships between individuals, mapping of useful genes, construction of linkage maps, marker assisted selections and backcrosses, population genetics and phylogenetic studies. Among the available molecular markers, microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) which are tandem repeats of one to six nucleotide long DNA motifs, have gained considerable importance in plant genetics and breeding owing to many desirable genetic attributes including hypervariability, multiallelic nature, codominant inheritance, reproducibility, relative abundance, extensive genome coverage including organellar genomes, chromosome specific location and amenability to automation and high throughput genotyping. High degree of allelic variation revealed by microsatellite markers results from variation in number of repeat-motifs at a locus caused by replication slippage and/or unequal crossing-over during meiosis. In spite of limited understanding of the functions of the SSR motifs within the plant genes, SSRs are being widely utilized in plant genome analysis. Microsatellites can be developed directly from genomic DNA libraries or from libraries enriched for specific microsatellites. Alternatively, microsatellites can also be found by searching public databases such as GenBank and EMBL or through cross-species transferability. At present, EST databases are an important source of candidate genes, as these can generate markers directly associated with a trait of interest and may be transferable in close relative genera. A large number of SSR based techniques have been developed and a quantum of literature has accumulated regarding the applicability of SSRs in plant genetics and genomics. In this review we discuss the recent developments (last 4–5 years) made in plant genetics using SSR markers.  相似文献   

Anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of standardized extracts of Tridax procumbens L.     

Sanjay M. Jachak  Raju GautamC. Selvam  Himanshu MadhanAmit Srivastava  Taj Khan 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(2):173-177

The standardized EtOAc, MeOH and 70% EtOH extracts of Tridax procumbens aerial parts showed significant inhibition of rat paw edema at a medium dose of 200 mg/kg and the EtOAC extract was the most active. These extracts were standardized by HPLC with the help of chemical markers. Further, the extracts were evaluated for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity and EtOAc extract exhibited the highest inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 at 50 μg/mL. Cent aurein, centaureidin and bergenin were isolated as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory principles from the EtOAc extract. The extracts also exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The anti-inflammatory activity of T. procumbens aerial parts could be at least in part due to COX-1, COX-2 enzyme inhibition and free radical-scavenging activities which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols in the extracts.  相似文献   

Effects of sugarcane residue and green manure practices in sugarcane-ratoon-wheat sequence on productivity,soil fertility and soil biological properties     

Ramesh Chandra  N. S. Rana  Sanjay Kumar  G. S. Panwar 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):651-664

In a field experiment conducted during 2002 to 2004 in silty clay loam soil at Pantnagar, India, treatment of trash burning + Sesbania aculeata green manure (GM) incorporation gave the highest increases of 50.6 and 17.7% in ratoon cane yield and 15.0 and 19.4% in wheat grain yield over trash removal and trash burning treatments, respectively. Soil organic C and available N after ratoon and wheat crops were highest with trash removal + GM incorporation and available P and K with trash removal + GM mulch. The different treatments of trash and GM management were also superior to trash removal and trash burning in organic C and available N and P in soil at termination of the study. Soil microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity at the end were at a maximum with trash burning + GM mulch and trash removal + GM mulch treatments, respectively. Compared to trash removal and trash burning, counts of bacteria in soil after ratoon and wheat crops were significantly more only with different GM treatments; however, all GM and trash application treatments recorded significantly higher counts of fungi and actinomycetes. Irrespective of the treatments, population of total bacteria in soil decreased, while that of fungi and actinomycetes increased as compared to their initial counts following sugarcane-ratoon-wheat sequence.  相似文献   

COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF BORAX AND GRANUBOR AS BORON FERTILIZERS FOR LENTIL AND SOYBEAN GROWN ON ALLUVIAL ALKALINE SOILS     

M. P. S. Khurana  Sanjay Arora 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(14):2145-2155

The two sources of boron (B), i.e., borax and granubor, were evaluated for their efficiency to lentil and soybean grown on alluvium derived soils of Punjab, India. Agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency, and B recovery were estimated for both the sources and crops. The application of 0.75 kg B ha^-1 through borax and granubor increased lentil seed yield by 21.4 and 23.3%, respectively, over control indicating 2% higher response with granubor application. Boron content in lentil seed increased from 12.2 μg g^-1 in control treatment to the maximum of 24.1 μg g^?1 with the application of 1.25 kg B ha^?1 through granubor. There was 24.6% increase in seed yield of soybean with the application of 1.25 kg B ha^?1 through either of fertilizer source. Total B content increased to maximum of 59.8% over control when B was applied through borax. Apparent B recovery% and recovery efficiency were higher for granubor compared to borax for both the crops.  相似文献   

Strategic use of Iranian bread wheat landrace accessions for genetic improvement: Core set formulation and validation     

Prashant Vikram  Jorge Franco  Juan Burgueo  Huihui Li  Deepmala Sehgal  Carolina Saint‐Pierre  Cynthia Ortiz  Vaibhav Kumar Singh  Clay Sneller  Achla Sharma  Maria Tattaris  Carlos Guzman  Javier Pena  Carolina Paola Sansaloni  Jaime Amador Campos Serna  Karthikeyan Thiyagarajan  Guillermo Fuentes Davila  Matthew Reynolds  Kai Sonder  Velu Govindan  Marc Ellis  Sridhar Bhavani  Mohammad R. Jalal Kamali  Mozaffar Roosatei  Sanjay Singh  Daisy Basandrai  Navtej Singh Bains  Ashwani Basandrai  Thomas Payne  Jos Crossa  Sukhwinder Singh 《Plant Breeding》2021,140(1):87-99

Iranian wheat landrace accessions (IWAs) were collected from country‐wide farm fields and market places in 1935 by a professor at the University of Tehran and shared with University of California at Davis, California. IWAs were further submitted to the genebank of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico. 2,403 IWAs from CIMMYT’s genebank were assayed by DArT‐seq technology to assess genetic diversity. No apparent ecogeographic patterns related to genetic diversity were detected, probably due to long‐term transport and frequent interchange of landraces among farmers. A multivariate clustering procedure combining genotypic and phenotypic information was used in selecting a core‐set, which represented 15% of the hexaploid wheat accessions included in this study. This subset captured an estimated 93% of rare (frequency <0.05) alleles. Multisite phenotypic data (India, Mexico) validated the ability of the core‐set in detecting useful variants. Potential donor accessions for multiple traits (disease resistance, zinc concentration) were identified from the core‐set for wheat‐breeding. This report illustrates a breeder friendly robust core‐set formulation strategy for harnessing the useful genetic variation stored in the genebanks.  相似文献   

Twenty-five essential research questions to inform the protection and restoration of freshwater biodiversity     

Meagan Harper  Hebah S. Mejbel  Dylan Longert  Robin Abell  T. Douglas Beard  Joseph R. Bennett  Stephanie M. Carlson  William Darwall  Anthony Dell  Sami Domisch  David Dudgeon  Jörg Freyhof  Ian Harrison  Kathy A. Hughes  Sonja C. Jähnig  Jonathan M. Jeschke  Richard Lansdown  Mark Lintermans  Abigail J. Lynch  Helen M. R. Meredith  Sanjay Molur  Julian D. Olden  Steve J. Ormerod  Harmony Patricio  Andrea J. Reid  Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber  Michele Thieme  David Tickner  Eren Turak  Olaf L. F. Weyl  Steven J. Cooke 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(9):2632-2653

1. Freshwater biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. Freshwater conservationists and environmental managers have enough evidence to demonstrate that action must not be delayed but have insufficient evidence to identify those actions that will be most effective in reversing the current trend.
2. Here, the focus is on identifying essential research topics that, if addressed, will contribute directly to restoring freshwater biodiversity through supporting ‘bending the curve’ actions (i.e. those actions leading to the recovery of freshwater biodiversity, not simply deceleration of the current downward trend).
3. The global freshwater research and management community was asked to identify unanswered research questions that could address knowledge gaps and barriers associated with ‘bending the curve’ actions. The resulting list was refined into six themes and 25 questions.
4. Although context-dependent and potentially limited in global reach, six overarching themes were identified: (i) learning from successes and failures; (ii) improving current practices; (iii) balancing resource needs; (iv) rethinking built environments; (v) reforming policy and investments; and (vi) enabling transformative change.
5. Bold, efficient, science-based actions are necessary to reverse biodiversity loss. We believe that conservation actions will be most effective when supported by sound evidence, and that research and action must complement one another. These questions are intended to guide global freshwater researchers and conservation practitioners, identify key projects and signal research needs to funders and governments. Our questions can act as springboards for multidisciplinary and multisectoral collaborations that will improve the management and restoration of freshwater biodiversity.

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