Survey of Anaplasmataceae bacteria in sheep from Senegal     

Mamadou Lamine Djiba  Oleg Mediannikov  Mbaye Mbengue  Yaya Thiongane  Jean-François Molez  Momar Talla Seck  Florence Fenollar  Didier Raoult  Mady Ndiaye 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(7):1557-1561

Purpose

The authors studied the role of bacteria belonging to Anaplasmataceae family as the causes of acute illnesses of sheep in West Africa.

Methods

We examined and sampled 120 febrile sheep in two regions of Senegal for this study. The DNA extracted from these blood samples was tested by PCR using two pairs of primers (groEL-based and 16S rRNA gene-based).

Results

In 52/120 samples, the microscopic examination revealed intraerythrocytic and/or intraphagocytic spherical inclusions. In 48/52 cases, we succeeded in identifying the bacterial agent: in 38 cases, it was Anaplasma ovis; in six cases, it was Ehrlichia ruminantium; in two cases, Anaplasma phagocytophilum; in one case, Anaplasma platys; and in one case, a yet uncultured Anaplasma sp. closely related to A. phagocytophilum.

Conclusions

Our studies demonstrated the great variety of pathogenic bacteria from the Anaplasmataceae family in the blood of clinically ill sheep. A. ovis was identified unexpectedly often. For the first time, A. phagocytophilum was found in sub-Saharan Africa, and its further epidemiology may be now reconsidered. The roles of canine pathogen, A. platys, and yet undescribed Anaplasma sp. “Badiouré” in ovine pathology should be more closely studied.  相似文献   

High-level vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium related to humans and pigs found in dust from pig breeding facilities     

Teresa M. Braga  Constança Pomba  M. Fátima Silva Lopes 《Veterinary microbiology》2013,161(3-4):344-349

Environmental dust from animal breeding facilities was never screened for the presence of enterococci, nor of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), despite the possibility of being a vehicle of transmission of strains and antibiotic resistance genes between food-producing animals and man. Bio-security measures in pig facilities include disinfection with biocides to avoid the dissemination of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, namely enterococci and in particular VRE. We thus undertook collection of enterococci and VRE in a representative number of breeding pig facilities in Portugal (n = 171) and analyzed their susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride (BC) and chlorhexidine (CHX). A prevalence of 15% of VRE was found, with 6% high-level resistance found, and MIC values for CHX and BC were similar to those commonly found among enterococcal isolates from related environments, 8 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, respectively. Among the isolated high-level vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium carrying the vanA genotype, we found multilocus sequence types closely related to pig and human isolates from European countries and Brazil. These results strongly advise constant surveillance of this environment and its inclusion in future epidemiologic studies on VRE.  相似文献   

An original impact device for biomass characterisation: results obtained for spruce and poplar at different moisture contents     

Floran Pierre  Giana Almeida  Françoise Huber  Philippe Jacquin  Patrick Perré 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(3):537-555

This paper describes an experimental device designed to determine the mechanical behaviour of lignocellulosic products subjected to high strain rates. This impact system consists of a moving trolley equipped with an accelerometer, which is thrown against a fixed trolley. The sample is attached to the fixed trolley, and the accelerations of both trolleys during the impact are analysed to obtain stress/strain curves. A high-speed camera synchronised with a high-powered xenon flash records up to 4,000 frames/s. A set of tests on wood samples is described to illustrate the potential of this new device. In particular, the cross-effects of compression rate and moisture content were demonstrated by performing both quasi-static (1 mm min^?1 using a conventional testing machine) and dynamic tests (1.7 m s^?1 using the impact device). Poplar and spruce samples, equilibrated at three different moisture contents (air-dried, fibre saturation point (FSP) and fully saturated), were tested. Two findings are particularly worthy of mentioning: (1) despite the plasticising role of water, the sample at FSP exhibited a fragile behaviour at the high compression rate, (2) the resistance due to the expulsion of water out of saturated samples can be assessed only by performing an impact test.  相似文献   

Artificial Germination Activation of Dialium corbisieri by Imitation of Ecological Process     

David Beaune  Loïc Bollache  Musuyu D. Muganza  François Bretagnolle  Gottfried Hohmann  Barbara Fruth 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(6):565-575

Species of the gender Dialium commonly are trees found in Central African rainforests. They produce tasty sugary fruits, feeding numerous frugivores, but are, despite their valuable nutritional value, rarely exploited by humans. A potential reason for this could be the complexity of symbiotic dependence between trees and pollinators, germination activators, and dispersers causing problems in ancestral and contemporary domestication. We investigated Dialium corbisieri reproduction in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bandundu Province. Here we give a key for an artificial activation of germination of these trees ecologically adapted to the digestive system of their ape dispersers: By perforation of the impermeable seed coat protection, water assimilation and subsequent activation of germination becomes possible. By this nicking, pretreatment germination increases from 0 to 96%, representing an inexpensive and simple treatment to be used under natural conditions and in developing countries. The use of this mechanical activation for forest management, conservation, and economic use is discussed.  相似文献   

Atypical non-progressive pneumonia in goats     

Rosário Gonçalves  Isabel Mariano  Alejandro Núñez  Sandra Branco  Graham Fairfoul  Robin Nicholas 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(2):219-221

An outbreak of severe respiratory disease in a goat herd was associated with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Mycoplasma arginini, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida with mortality rates exceeding 20% in kids. Post mortem features in affected kids included severe pleuropneumonia, lung consolidation, large quantities of pleural fluid and pericarditis. This is the first report of atypical proliferative pneumonia in goats in Portugal.  相似文献   

Cellular-resolution in vivo imaging of the feline retina using adaptive optics: preliminary results     

Rosolen SG  Lamory B  Harms F  Sahel JA  Picaud S  LeGargasson JF 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(6):369-376

Purpose To perform cellular‐level in vivo imaging of the feline retina using an adaptive optics flood illumination fundus camera (AO FIFC) designed for the human eye. Materials and methods Cellular‐level images were obtained from three eyes of two normal sedated cats. Ocular aberrations were corrected using an AO system based on a 52‐acuator electromagnetic deformable mirror and a 1024 lenslet Hartmann–Shack sensor (both Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). A square 3°×3° area of the ocular fundus was flood‐illuminated by a pulsed LED emitting at 850 nm and imaged onto a low‐noise, high‐resolution CCD camera. The animal’s pupils were dilated and the effective pupil size was set to 7.5 mm. Conjunctival atraumatic clips were used to avoid eyeball movements and eyelid closure. The cornea was artificially hydrated throughout the experiments. Each acquisition consisted of 20 consecutive images, out of which 10 were numerically averaged to produce an enhanced final image. Results The total amount of ocular aberrations was greatly reduced by the AO correction, from 2.4 to 0.21 microns root mean square on average. The resulting images presented white dots distributed at a density similar to that of cone photoreceptors and they allowed us to visualize small blood vessels and nerve fiber bundles at a higher resolution than classically obtained with conventional fundus photography. Conclusion Retinal imaging with cellular resolution was feasible in cats under sedation using an AO FIFC designed for human eyes without any optical modification. The AO FIFC technology could find new applications in clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological investigations.  相似文献   

Development of biofunctional textiles by the application of resveratrol to cotton, bamboo, and silk     

Eva Pinho  Mariana Henriques  Rosário Oliveira  Alberto Dias  Graça Soares 《Fibers and Polymers》2010,11(2):271-276

The goal of this work was to create a new generation of greener fabrics made of natural materials. For that, resveratrol (Res), obtained from Polygonum cuspidatum extract and known to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activity, was applied by an exhaustion method to cotton, bamboo, and silk knit fabrics. The fabrics adsorption behavior was tested and the amount of Res adsorbed was determined by its decrease on the immersion solutions with time and measured by spectrophotometry at 350 nm. The maximum adsorption capacity was observed for silk and it was independent of pH conditions used (50.5 % at pH=7 and 58.3 % at pH=5 of the initial Res concentration). At acidic pH conditions, cotton adsorbed 51.2 % of Res and Bamboo adsorbed only 28.1 % in 15 min. However, neither cotton nor bamboo adsorbed Res at pH=7. The release behavior was also analyzed and the highest Res release was observed for cotton in alkaline sweat and urine mimic solutions. The lowest release was achieved by cotton in water (1.0 ng/ml). Moreover, no relation was found between the amounts of Res adsorbed or released and cell viability. In conclusion, this work shows that it is possible to obtain cotton, bamboo, and silk functionalized with resveratrol. The incorporating process here described is simple and silk-Res can be presented as a good combination.  相似文献   

First report of anthracnose and fruit mummification of olive fruit (Olea europaea) caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in Brazil     

H. S. S. Duarte  P. G. C. Cabral  O. L. Pereira  L. Zambolim  E. D. Gonçalves  J. Vieira Neto  E. M. Zambolim  V. Sergeeva 《Plant pathology》2010,59(6):1170-1170

  相似文献   

Horse personality profiles and performance     

Daša Dasha Grajfoner  Elizabeth J. Austin  Françoise Wemelsfelder 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2010,5(1):26-27

  相似文献   

Effects of Retinoids on the In Vitro Development of Capra Hircus Embryos to Blastocysts in Two Different Culture Systems     

A Chiamenti  CR Aguiar Filho  LM Freitas Neto  RM Chaves  FF Paula‐Lopes  PF Lima  PBD Gonçalves  MAL Oliveira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e68-e72

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of retinol (RT) and retinoic acid (RA) on the in vitro development of pre‐implantation goat embryos cultured in potassium simplex optimized medium or synthetic oviduct fluid or cocultured in oviductal cells monolayer either in potassium simplex optimized medium or synthetic oviduct fluid. A total of 2407 cumulus‐oocyte complexes were aspirated from 2 to 6 mm ovarian follicles from slaughtered animals. Selected cumulus‐oocyte complexes were subjected to in vitro maturation in TCM 199 for 24 h at 39°C in an atmosphere of 5% (v/v) CO₂ in humidified air. In vitro fertilization was performed in modified defined medium. Eighteen hours after in vitro fertilization, cumulus cells were removed and presumptive zygotes were randomly distributed into experimental groups. In Experiment 1, presumptive zygotes were cultured in potassium simplex optimized medium, potassium simplex optimized medium + RT, potassium simplex optimized medium + retinoic acid, synthetic oviduct fluid, synthetic oviduct fluid + RT and synthetic oviduct fluid + RA at 39°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% (v/v) CO₂, 5% (v/v) O₂ and 90% (v/v) N₂. In Experiment 2, presumptive zygotes were cocultured in potassium simplex optimized medium + oviductal cells monolayer, potassium simplex optimized medium + RT + oviductal cells monolayer, potassium simplex optimized medium + RA + oviductal cells monolayer, synthetic oviduct fluid + oviductal cells monolayer, synthetic oviduct fluid + RT + oviductal cells monolayer and synthetic oviduct fluid + RA + oviductal cells monolayer in an atmosphere of 5% (v/v) CO₂ in humidified air. In both experiments, media were partially changed on day 2 after in vitro fertilization and unfertilized oocytes were excluded from the experiment. Embryos were cultured or cocultured for 8 days. In Experiment 1, there was no effect of RT or RA supplementation on the proportion of oocytes that reached the morula or blastocyst stages. By contrast, Experiment 2 demonstrated that the addition of 0.28 μg/ml RT and 0.5 μm RA to the embryo culture media stimulated (p < 0.05) development to the morula and blastocyst stages under the coculture conditions tested. In conclusion, retinoids play an important role in pre‐implantation development of goat embryos and can be used to enhance in vitro embryo production.  相似文献