Evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles effects with two application methods on wheat under drought stress     

Faride Behboudi  Mohammad Zaman Kassaee  Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy  Ali Sorooshzadeh  Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(13):1439-1451

Chitosan and its components have beneficial effects on a wide variety of plant species. Yet, their effects on wheat plants under drought stress are not well known. So, a field experiment was laid out in order to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) on wheat. The wheat seeds were sown in plots. Then, the chitosan NPs were added to them through soil and foliar application at tillering, stem elongation, and heading stages. Results indicated that the drought stress significantly decreased majority of the studied traits compared to the normal irrigation. Application of the NPs especially 90?ppm increased leaf area (LA), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, yield, and biomass compared to the control. Finally, our results highlight that usage of the chitosan NPs especially 90?ppm can mitigate adverse effects of drought in the wheat under drought stress.  相似文献   

Genetic variation,heritability and correlations of agro-morphological traits in tall fescue (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Festuca arundinacea</Emphasis> Schreb.)     

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi  Aghafakhr Mirlohi  Fatemeh Amini 《Euphytica》2009,167(3):323-331

To study the genetic variation, heritability and genetic correlations of some agro-morphological traits in tall fescue, 25 parents from a genetically broad-base germplasm were polycrossed and their respective half-sib families were generated. Clonally propagated parents and their half-sib families were grown as spaced single plants using a randomized complete-block design with three replications, and observed for seven traits in 2006 and 2007. The estimates of broad-sense heritability were moderate to high for the traits studied. Narrow-sense heritability estimates from analyses of progenies and from regression of half-sib (HS) progenies on parents suggested that genetic variation for these traits was largely controlled by additive gene action. Association of dry matter yield (DMY) with plant height, number of fertile shoot, curbs width and spring growth was positive and significant. With the exception of number of days to pollination, correlation coefficients of the traits between the parents and offspring were not significant. Based on parent-offspring regression, genetic gain from selection for DMY was high, demonstrating genetic potential for improving this trait. Overall, there was high genetic variation and moderate heritability for most traits in the tall fescue populations evaluated. In conclusion, to improve herbage yield, selection would be more effective based on forage yield components.  相似文献   

Persorption of bovine lactoferrin from the intestinal lumen into the systemic circulation via the portal vein and the mesenteric lymphatics in growing pigs     

Kitagawa H  Yoshizawa Y  Yokoyama T  Takeuchi T  Talukder MJ  Shimizu H  Ando K  Harada E 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(5):567-572

The absorption and the transportation of intestinally administrated bovine lactoferrin (LF) were immunohistochemically and physiochemically investigated in the small intestine of growing pigs. At the apical halves of the small intestinal villi, bovine LF was absorbed by transcytosis as small vesicles through villous columnar epithelial cells. The presence of bovine LF-positive membranes of transcytotic vesicles suggests that the absorption was mediated by LF-binding factors on the epithelial cell membranes. Almost all of the absorbed bovine LF was demonstrated to be transported via the lymphatics and the portal vein into the systemic circulation. The LF-concentration in systemic circulation was significantly higher at 1 hr following intestinal administration of bovine LF. Bovine LF-positive lymphocytes also were transferred into the systemic circulation from intestine via the lymphatics and the portal vein.  相似文献   

Serum from dogs Infected with Babesia gibsoni inhibits maturation of reticulocytes and erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase activity in vitro     

Hossain MA  Yamato O  Yamasaki M  Jeong JR  Chang HS  Maede Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(12):1281-1286

Erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase is thought to be involved in the maturation of erythrocytes. In the present study, in vitro incubation of canine erythrocytes demonstrated that significant inhibition of 5'-nucleotidase activity occurred in the presence of serum from dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni, when the enzyme was assayed with cytidine 5'-monophosphate (5'-CMP) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) as substrates. The multiplication of B. gibsoni in in vitro culture also resulted in a significant decrease in the enzyme activity of erythrocytes in the culture. Furthermore, the infected serum and 5'-CMP retarded the maturation of canine reticulocytes in vitro. These results suggested that nucleotides such as 5'-CMP and 5'-IMP might accumulate in young erythrocytes and/or serum in dogs infected with B. gibsoni as a result of decreased activity of erythrocyte 5'-nucleotidase, resulting in the delayed maturation of reticulocytes.  相似文献   

Flock-level prevalence of Eimeria species among broiler chicks in northern Jordan     

Al-Natour MQ  Suleiman MM  Abo-Shehada MN 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,53(4):191-310

Six chicks (3–6 weeks of age) were taken randomly from each of 200 broiler farms in northern Jordan, these chicks were submitted for post-mortem and parasitological examinations. Seven Eimeria spp. were identified: E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. mivati, E. mitis, and E. tenella. Half (50%) of the farms surveyed had all six chicks infected, 23% of the farms were free of the infection. E. tenella was the most prevalent species (39%) followed by E. necatrix (12%), E. brunitti (12%), and E. maxima (10%). Prevalences did not vary by flock size. Also, neither the use of coccidiostat nor previous coccidiosis clinical outbreaks was associated with the prevalence of coccidiosis.  相似文献   

Supplementation of heterologous complement induces anti-Thy-1.1 nephritis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)     

Shichinohe K  Shimizu-Suganuma M  Ghazizadeh M  Ishizaki M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(6):463-467

Anti-Thy-1.1 nephritis in the rat is a popular experimental model for mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). This model is characterized by direct binding of anti-Thy-1.1 antibody with Thy-1.1 antigen expressed on mesangial cells (MCs) of glomeruli in the rat. A single injection of anti-rat thymocyte serum (ARTS) results in GN with proteinuria and extensive mesangiolysis. Development of mesangiolysis and proteinuria are complement-dependent. We previously demonstrated Thy-1.1 antigen, similar to the rat, in thymocytes, brain cells and MCs of the kidney in the Mongolian gerbil (MG). In this study, we attempted to develop a MG nephritis model, but an injection of ARTS did not induce GN. An additional injection of guinea pig serum as a complement after ARTS injection resulted in anti-Thy-1.1 nephritis in MG. Degeneration of MCs and neutrophil infiltration were observed 1 hr after GP serum injection. Mesangiolysis and fibrin exudation occurred 12 hr after the injection and MC proliferation was apparent 7 days after the injection. In the complement-dependent hemolytic test, MG serum could not hemolyze sheep erythrocytes. These results suggested low activity, or depletion of some factors, in complements of MG serum.  相似文献   

A farm-based prospective study of equine colic incidence and associated risk factors     

Sakha Mehdi DVM  PhD  Vatandost Mohammad DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(4):171-174

Abdominal pain (colic) in the horse is one of the most acute problems facing equine practitioners. Several causes and risk factors are associated with colic. The current study evaluated the incidence and associated risk factors of colic during a 1-year evaluation in horse farms of Kerman, Iran. The study investigated age, sex, breed, anthelmintic control program, and nutritional status of 128 horses of four breeds on six farms that took part in the study. The mean incidence density rate of colic in the horse population was 8.6% (11/128) in a year. Crossbred horses had more chance of developing colic (P < .05). Horses between the ages of 2 and 10 years also had more risk of developing colic (P < .05). There was no significant difference between sexes (P < .05), and nutritional factors were the most associated risk factors in the cases under study.  相似文献   

Stimulation of insulin and glucagon synthesis in rat Langerhans islets by malathion in vitro: Evidence for mitochondrial interaction and involvement of subcellular non-cholinergic mechanisms     

Sanaz Vosough-Ghanbari  Shirin Pournourmohammadi  Seyed Nasser Ostad 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,89(2):130-136

We examined the effects of malathion, an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, on glucagon, C-peptide, and insulin content or secretion from isolated rat Langerhans islets in vitro. Islets were isolated from the pancreas of rats by standard collagenase digestion, separation by centrifugation, and hand-picking technique. Then islets were cultured in medium and supplemented with various concentrations of malathion (25, 125, and 625 μg/ml) for 1, 3, and 5 h. In vitro exposure to malathion increased insulin and C-peptide contents at doses of 25, 125, and 625 μg/ml following 5 h incubation as compared to control. All doses of malathion increased glucagon content after 3 and 5 h as compared to control. Increase of the glucagon content at all doses in the fifth hour was higher than that of third hour. Malathion also decreased 2.8 and 16.7 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion at all doses after 30 min as compared to control.It is concluded that malathion reduce insulin exocytose in a short time (first hour) but after a long time (e.g., 5 h), the content of insulin is increased by compensating mechanisms such as resynthesize of insulin or aggregation of insulin. The present in vitro study for the first time proposes the involvement of subcellular non-cholinergic mechanisms in malathion-induced changes in Langerhans islets insulin and glucagon.  相似文献   

Induction of insulin resistance by malathion: Evidence for disrupted islets cells metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction     

Shirin Pournourmohammadi  Seyed Nasser Ostad  Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani  Bagher Minaie  Mohammad Abdollahi 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(3):346-352

Hyperglycemia is observed with exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of malathion on secretion of insulin from rat pancreatic islets in vitro and in vivo. Malathion was administered through food for 4 weeks at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 ppm. For in vivo experiment, at the end of treatment, blood sample was obtained and plasma was separated. For in vitro experiment, the treated rats were anesthetized and underwent a laparatomy. The common bile duct was cannulated and the pancreas distended by injecting of cold collagenase V using peristaltic infusion pump. Islets were then hand picked under a stereomicroscope and cultured in the presence of various doses of glucose and KCl. Malathion at doses of 200 and 400 ppm increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and lowered activity of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. The isolated islets from pretreated animals with malathion 200 and 400 ppm showed lower glucose-stimulated insulin secretion while no change was observed in the presence of KCl. Light microscopic examination revealed that malathion causes patchy degenerative changes in pancreatic islets. Combination of in vivo and in vitro findings suggests that malathion induces a kind of insulin resistance that cannot overwhelm hyperglycemia. This action of malathion is mediated through disruption of islets mitochondrial function.  相似文献   

Topography of ganglion cells in the retina of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus)     

Mohammad Lutfur RAHMAN  Masato AOYAMA  Shoei SUGITA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(3):286-292

The purpose of this study was to define ganglion cell density, size and topography in the retina of the mallard duck. After killing adult mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus), their eyes were removed using pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). The retinas were isolated, whole mount specimens were prepared by staining with 0.1% cresyl violet and then fixing the tissues for study. The retinal ganglion cells were counted, mapped and measured. The mean total number of ganglion cells was estimated at approximately 1.7 × 10⁶ and the retinal area centralis had the highest ganglion cell density with 15 820 cells/mm². The number of ganglion cell bodies was highest in the temporal area, followed by the nasal, dorsal and ventral areas. Ganglion cell size ranged from 56 to 406 μm². A population of small ganglion cells persisted into the central area just above the optic disc and the largest soma area was in the ventral zone of the retina. This localization of ganglion cells suggests that the quality of vision is not equal in all the areas of the duck retina and the central part may have the highest vision quality as a function of the retinal ganglion cells.  相似文献