The Influence of Protection From Grazing on Cholistan Desert Vegetation,Pakistan     

Muhammad Zubair  Ahmar Saleem  Mirza Asim Baig  Muhammad Islam  Abdul Razzaq  Shamim Gul  Sarfraz Ahmad  Hloniphani P. Moyo  Sawsan Hassan  Barbara Rischkowsky  Mohamed N.M. Ibrahim  Mounir Louhaichi 《Herpetological Monographs》2018,40(5):136-145

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Silage quality as influenced by concentration and type of tannins present in the material ensiled: A meta‐analysis     

Anuraga Jayanegara  Tekad U. P. Sujarnoko  Muhammad Ridla  Makoto Kondo  Michael Kreuzer 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):456-465

Protein degradation during ensiling is a major problem. Tannins are known to prevent or decelerate protein degradation in the rumen and may be able to do so in silages as well. Therefore, the present evaluation aimed to analyse the influence of tannins on silage quality. This was done by integrating from all suitable experiments found in literature on the topic in a meta‐analysis approach. A total of 122 datasets originating from 28 experiments obtained from 16 published articles and one own unpublished experiment were included in the database. Tannins in the silages originated either from the plants ensiled or from supplementations of tanniferous plants or tannins extracted from such plants. Tannin concentrations ranged from 0 to 57.8 g/kg dry matter, and the ensiling period varied from 30 to 130 days. The analysis was based on the linear mixed model methodology in which the different studies were considered as random effects and tannin‐related properties (either concentration or type of tannins) were treated as fixed effects. Results revealed that greater concentrations of tannins were associated with a decrease of butyrate concentration in the silages (p < 0.05). An increasing tannin concentration was also accompanied with smaller proportions of soluble N, free amino acid N, non‐protein nitrogen and NH₃‐N in total silage N (p < 0.05). The relationships between hydrolysable and condensed tannins and the decline in butyrate and NH₃‐N concentrations in the silages were of different magnitude (p < 0.05). A higher tannin concentration was associated with a decline in in vitro dry matter digestibility. It was concluded that tannins apparently have the ability to limit extensive proteolysis which may occur during ensiling and thus may improve the fermentative quality of silages. A desired side effect seems to be given by the tannins' apparent property to limit the activity of the butyrate‐producing microbes.  相似文献   

The effects of growth factors on proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells from Guangxi Bama mini‐pig     

Huimin Zhao  Tingting Li  Huan Yang  Muhammad Usman Mehmood  Yangqing Lu  Xingwei Liang  Xiaogan Yang  Huiyan Xu  Kehuan Lu  Shengsheng Lu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(12):1574-1582

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different growth factors on the proliferation of Bama mini‐pig spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro. The growth factors glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), GDNF family receptor alpha‐1 (GFRα1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were investigated. The SSCs were seeded on SIM mouse embryo‐derived thioguanine‐ and ouabain‐resistant (STO) feeder layers. Cultivation of the cells were subjected to a factorial design of the growth factors GDNF + bFGF, GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1, LIF + bFGF and LIF + bFGF + GFRα1. The SSCs could propagate for 25 passages in the medium adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1, 22 passages in the medium adding GDNF + bFGF, 6 passages in the medium adding LIF + bFGF, or LIF + bFGF + GFRα1. qRT‐PCR analysis showed that the highest mRNA expression levels of NANOG, POU5F, DDX4, GFRα1 and UCHL1 were detected in the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1. The SSCs from the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1 also showed UCHL1‐, DBA‐ and CDH1‐positive staining. Moreover, Stra8 and Scp3 expression, and haploid peak were detected after induction of the SSCs from the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1. In conclusion, pig SSCs could be maintained for long term in the presence of GDNF, bFGF, and GFRα1.  相似文献   

Effects of Different Drying Methods on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Fruits     

Fahim Ullah  Mansoor Khan Khattak  Said Wahab  Nauman Wahab  Muhammad Ameen 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(4):345-354

ABSTRACT

In this communication, we have discussed and compared the different drying processes i.e. flat plate solar collector, open sun and mechanical dryer with the preservative solution of Sodium Benzoate. Loquats were pretreated with preservative solution and subject to the drying process. Drying kinetics in terms of moisture lost per hour and drying rate, texture and antioxidants retention were determined before and after drying. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the different drying process has significantly affected on the kinetics of loquat fruits with the confidence interval of (α ≤ 0.05), whereas the preservative solution showed a non-significant effect on texture and antioxidants retention. High moisture lost per hour (5.4%) was recorded in mechanical dryer followed by flat plate solar collector dryer (3.7 %) while minimum (1.8%) was recorded in open sun drying. Good textured dried loquat with optimum hardness (313 g) and stiffness (141 g mm^?1) was found in flat plate solar collector dried samples. Similarly more antioxidants (52%) retained in samples dried with hot air using flat plate solar collector followed by the mechanical dryer (47%) while minimum (41%) was recorded in open sun drying. Although mechanical drying is fast, it does not help to maintain a good texture and more antioxidants. From the study, it was concluded that hot air drying using a flat plate solar collector is better for drying process to get valuable dried loquat with good texture and more antioxidants.  相似文献   

山羊酸奶加工工艺研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李莹  周剑忠  努尔古丽·热合曼  王国涛  董明盛 《乳业科学与技术》2008,31(3):104-106

山羊奶含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、矿物质及多种维生素,Ca、P及某些生物活性物质（如cAMP,cGMP等）含量高于牛奶。采用响应曲面法研究了山羊酸奶的发酵温度、加糖量、球杆菌比例和接种量。结果表明：在38℃,蔗糖添加量6％,嗜热链球菌接种量1．5％,保加利亚乳杆菌接种量0．5％的条件下,山羊酸奶品质最好。  相似文献   

Salt-induced perturbation in growth,physiological attributes,activities of antioxidant enzymes and organic solutes in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars differing in salinity tolerance     

Muhammad Arslan Ashraf  Mahmood Rasool  Qasim Ali  Muhammad Zulqurnain Haider  Ali Noman  Muhammad Azeem 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1695-1712

A pot experiment was conducted to appraise the inhibitory effects of salt stress on biochemical attributes in the three mungbean cultivars (NCM-209, NCM-89 and NM-92). Salt stress caused a significant decrease in plant height, shoot relative water contents, photosynthetic pigments, endogenous levels of K⁺ and K⁺/Na⁺ ratios and increase in cellular levels of H₂O₂, MDA, Na⁺ and Cl^?. However, cv. NCM-209 was found to be tolerant in terms of lower salt-induced decline in K⁺, K⁺/Na⁺ ratio and photosynthetic pigments. The endogenous levels of H₂O₂ and MDA were also lower in cv. NCM-209. Salt stress markedly also affected different yield attributes in all mungbean cultivars. Again cultivar NCM-209 exhibited less inhibitory effects of salt stress on different growth attributes. Salt stress resulted in a marked increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) in mungbean cultivars. Activity of peroxidase was maximal in cv. NCM-209 and catalase activity was maximal in cv. NCM-89, whereas cvs. NCM-89 and NM-92 showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase. Similarly activity of ascorbate peroxidase was higher in cv. NM-92. It could be inferred from data of antioxidant enzymes that mungbean cultivars cannot be categorized as salt tolerant or sensitive on the basis of a single antioxidant enzyme.  相似文献   

Seed priming improves growth of nursery seedlings and yield of transplanted rice     

Dr Muhammad Farooq  Shahzad M. A. Basra  Muhammad B. Khan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):315-326

Abstract

An attempt to improve the performance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) nursery seedlings through seed priming and its effect on the yield after transplantation was made in a field trial. Priming tools employed during the investigation include pre-germination, hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl and CaCl₂ (ψs-1.25 MPa) for 24 h, vitamin priming with 10 ppm ascorbic acid for 48 h and seed hardening for 24 h. All the priming techniques resulted in improved germination speed and spread, seedling fresh and dry weight, root and shoot length, number of secondary roots, seedling nitrogen, total sugars and α-amylase activity. Osmohardening with CaCl₂ resulted in the best performance as indicated by improved germination speed and spread, seedling vigour and starch metabolism, followed by hardening and osmohardening with KCl. However, improved starch metabolism in coarse rice was observed in osmohardening with KCl. Higher K and Ca contents were observed in seeds osmohardened with KCl and CaCl₂, respectively. Maximum straw and kernel yield and harvest index were recorded from osmohardening with CaCl₂ in fine and osmohardening with KCl in coarse rice. Increased number of secondary roots and α-amylase activity were accompanied with increased seedling nitrogen and reducing sugars, respectively.  相似文献   

Nutrient content of maize and soil organic matter status under various tillage methods and farmyard manure levels     

Muhammad Iqbal  Anwar-Ul-Hassan  Rattan Lal 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):349-356

Abstract

A two-year field study was conducted under semi-arid conditions in Pakistan to assess the role of tillage systems and farmyard manure on soil, plant nutrients and organic matter content. Four tillage systems (zero, minimum, conventional and deep tillage) and three farm manure levels were used. Maize crop was grown up to maturity. Uptake of N, P and K in maize shoots improved in tillage systems compared to non-tillage and treatments where farmyard manure was applied. Soil N status decreased in the deep tillage systems, whereas it increased in all other tillage systems and in the farmyard manure amended treatments. Increase in soil P values was observed under minimum and conventional tillage, whereas deep tillage resulted in a decrease. Farmyard manure amendments increased soil P and soil K in all systems. Tillage did not affect soil K levels. Results demonstrate that reduced tillage is practicable in arid and semi-arid regions since it improves soil fertility.  相似文献   

Dinitrogen fixation and growth responses to phosphorus and aluminum application in pigeon. pea (Cajanus cajan L.)     

Kounosuke Fujita  Muhammad Iqbal Chaudhary  Joseph Jackson Adu-Gyamfi  Dai Yoshizawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):729-735

Abstract

Responses to aluminum phosphate (Al-P) and superphosphate (Sup-P) application in terms of dry matter production by pigeon pea and soybean were compared under field conditions. The effect of aluminum on growth and symbiotic dinitrogen fixation was examined under hydroponic conditions. In a field experiment, Al-P application significantly increased whole plant dry weight and P amount in pigeon pea, whereas in soybean, Al-P application had no significant effect on the two parameters. The results indicate that P absorption ability from Al-P is higher in pigeon pea compared to soybean. With Al-P application, leaf and whole plant Al concentration in pigeon pea significantly increased unlike in soybean.

Under hydroponic conditions, 50 nig L^?1 Al application increased the plant weight of pigeon pea while it decreased that of soybean. This treatment decreased the total nodule activity of soybean more appreciably than that of pigeon pea. Under the Al treatment conditions, whole plant P amount increased in pigeon pea, whereas it decreased in soybean, and the amount of Al increased more appreciably in pigeon pea, most of which was deposited in roots.

These results suggest that compared to soybean, pigeon pea displays a higher ability to absorb P from P compounds with a low solubility i.e. Al-P and that it is more tolerant to Al toxicity.  相似文献   

Effect of salinity on growth and solute accumulation in two wheat lines differing in salt tolerance     

Hirofumi Saneoka  Katsunori Shiota  Halil Kurban  Muhammad I. Chaudhary  Gnanasiri S. Premachandra  Kounosuke Fujita 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):873-880

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line, Saline Agriculture Research Center line 1 (SARC), was selected in a salinity tolerance improvement program at the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. In this study we compared SARC with Pothowar which is a common wheat cultivar grown in the same region, in order to study the mechanism of salinity tolerance in the SARC line. Two wheat lines were planted in pots and were subjected to salt stress by daily application of a 200 mM NaCI solution for 30 d during the vegetative growth stage. Dry weight of plant parts, leaf area, leaf water status, and solute concentrations in the cell sap of the leaf tissues were determined at 13 and 30 d after initiation of the stress treatment. Decrease in the plant dry weight and leaf area due to salt stress was more pronounced in Pothowar than in SARC, indicating that SARC was more tolerant to salinity. SARC maintained a higher turgor at low leaf water potentials and showed a higher capacity of osmotic adjustment compared to Pothowar. Major osmotic a that increased by salinity in order to maintain a lower osmotic potential in the two lines were Na⁺, Cl^-, K⁺, and glycinebetaine. Increase in the concentrations of Na⁺, Cl^-, and glycinebetaine was much higher in SARC than in Pothower. These results suggested that the SARC line had a physiological mechanism that conferred a higher salinity tolerance.  相似文献